Lewis Smith, Environment Reporter
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A series of fossilised forests the size of small cities have provided prehistoric evidence of how tropical rainforests are destroyed by global warming.
The fossil remains represent the first rainforests grown on the planet and their demise more than 300million years ago “points to the future” of the modern-day Amazon.
Six petrified forests, dating from 303.9 million to 309 million years ago, have been discovered in coalmines in the United States. Because they straddle a period of intense global warming researchers have been able to see the effects of climate change on an ancient landscape.
One forest that stretched 10,000 hectares (100 sq km) is the largest fossil forest yet found, dwarfing a 1,000ha forest that was announced last year as the biggest.
Howard Falcon-Lang, of the University of Bristol, said that the forests were frozen in time and show changes in the tree cover before and after the global warming began.
Fossils reveal that the landscape now deep beneath Illinois and Kentucky was covered in huge club moss trees, horsetails and ferns 309 million years ago. Once global warming had taken place 306.5 million years ago, the landscape altered enormously and the trees were replaced with “weedy ferns”.
“These are the remains of the first rainforests to evolve on our planet,” Dr Falcon-Lang said at the British Association yesterday. “They had lush rainforest vegetation, not dissimilar to the Amazonian rainforest. These are the largest fossil forests in the world. It's quite extraordinary to find a forest landscape preserved for miles.”
The forests were buried during earthquakes and the vegetation was swiftly preserved as the sea rushed in and buried it under sediment. Proof of their existence can now be seen in more than 50 mines where the coal seams have been dug out.
Walking along the mine tunnels was an extraordinary experience, Dr Falcon-Lang said: “The coal represents the soil on which this rainforest was growing. The trees are on the roof. You can see roots hanging down.”
He said it appeared that the huge trees suffered enormous stress and died out when faced by global warming. “We are beginning to show there appears to be a threshold in ancient rainforest systems beyond which the whole system begins to unravel quite quickly,” he said.
“The rainforest dramatically collapses during this period of warming. This was very, very extreme global warming. Giant club moss trees vanished overnight to be replaced by rather weedy fern vegetation. All this points to the fate of the Amazon.”
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If Mr. Downes doesn't keep his nose out of american politics, we wont let the uk sit on our lap anymore. What do you know about Biden's ilk? anything? or are you just a slave to the liberal media and what it feeds you?
Dr. William Pfingston, Los Angelas, USA
I'm confused - the article explains that the "forests were buried during earthquakes and the vegetation was swiftly preserved ". It does not explain how this apparently one off, rapid event provides evidence of climate change over a relatively extended period.
Brian Lambert, Beetley, UK
The writers of arfticles like this need to point out the difference between past climate change, which happened over thousands to millions of years, and modern man-made climate change, happening over decades. There is too much wilfull ignorance about this - as certain posts here show.
Dr Richard Milne, Edinburgh,
Patrick of Singapore has a point about rain-forests being our planet's "lungs": they breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out oxygen, without which we cannnot survive. If we have to pay for their maintenance and prevent them from being felled, then we will have to dump the phrase "as free as air".
Edmund Burke, Kingston upon Thames, England
Any Palen-tologist will tell you these so-called fossils are fakes intelligently designed to mislead the unbeliever.
John Ledbury, Kings Lynn, England
It is well known that climate has been fluctuating over millions of years. Naturally, not man couse all that. But it does not mean that we should continue to pollute our planet. In many cases man is the primary reason of some animals`s extinction etc. We must think what we are doing with Earth
Elena, Moscow, Russia
Was man around 300m years ago? Just because trees naturally fall doesn't mean we should discount the lumberjack walking through the shot. What are you so scared of, would you have campaigned against the clean air act? Progress is usually a good thing, relax people.
Peter Bose, Edinburgh, Scotland
It seems that there were some mighty big earthquakes that could cause the sea to bury massive inland forests with millions of tons of sediment. What real evidence is there of this?Could this be evidence of a global catastrophy - a global flood even?
David , Bournemouth, UK
the point missed in the article is that this happend 300 odd million years ago and the climate change was far more intense than what it is now. why do we keep blaming climate change on humans when its clearly a natural phenomenon?
will, grimsby, uk
Global warming 300m years ago!
Who caused that then?
Probably the same thing that is causing the 'alleged' global warming of today.
Jim, Cardiff,
Was the global warming 300 million years ago caused by human activity ie greenhouse gases CO2, CH4 etc or was it an entirely natural process with no human input ???
Peter Hooper, Windsor, UK
So who caused global warming 300 million yrs ago then - NOT MAN !!!!!!!!!!!
ian payne, WALSALL,
How shameful of the animals and creatures living 300 million years ago for not switching to Hybrid cars to avert this disaster. If only they had thought about their actions....
Matt, Houston, USA
Global warming does not cause the demise of rainforests, rather rainforests are instrumental in climate change. They are our planet's lungs and pores so why the hell do we keep bulldozing them? Rubber and Palm oil are no substitue for the indigenous flora and fauna of the planet
patrick, Singapore, Singapore
Oh, sorry, if Palin and her ilk are to be believed, these have just been put there for a laugh a couple of thousand years ago.
Paul Downes, Milton Keynes, UK