Lewis Smith, Environment Reporter
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A giant goose-like bird that was the size of a light aircraft and had a beak like a crocodile’s jaws has been found to have soared above Britain 50 million years ago.
A fossil skull preserved in London clay has been identified as belonging to a relative of modern ducks and geese with a wingspan of 5m (16ft) and armed with a beakful of teeth. The ancient creature has been nicknamed Mother Goose by Gerald Meyr, the palaeontologist who identified it, because of the bird’s extraordinary size.
It is thought to have had a similar lifestyle to the albatross of today, which spends most of its life at sea and is a master at using thermals and air currents to remain airborne with minimum effort.
The ancient goose, one of the biggest species of bird to take to the skies, was even bigger than the wandering albatross, which, at up to 3.7m wing tip to wing tip, has the biggest wingspan of all living birds. Mother Goose, more properly named Dasornis emuinus, is thought to have had a wingspan almost 50 per cent bigger than the wandering albatross.
“Imagine a bird like an ocean-going goose, almost the size of a small plane,” said Dr Meyr, of the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum in Frankfurt. “They had lightweight bones so despite their great size they weren’t very heavy. I think they were capable of soaring and gliding – though they would probably have needed strong winds to take off.
“By today’s standards these were pretty bizarre animals, but perhaps the strangest thing about them is that they had sharp, tooth-like projections along the cutting edges of the beak.
“The beak was so covered in bony teeth that it looked like a crocodile.”
Some early birds had enamel teeth but these were lost about 100 million years ago, yet Mother Goose reevolved them, this time made from bone and possibly covered with a layer of keratin, the biological material used for the beak. Dr Meyr believes that the 60 to 80 teeth in the beak, estimated at 20-25cm long, were developed to help the prehistoric bird keep a grip of the fish and squid it would have snatched from the sea.
“No living birds have true teeth – which are made of enamel and dentine – because their distant ancestors did away with them more than 100 million years ago, probably to save weight and make flying easier,” he said.
“But the bony-toothed birds, like Dasornis, are unique among birds in that they reinvented tooth-like structures by evolving these bony spikes.
“It’s linked to diet. These birds probably skimmed across the surface of the sea, snapping up fish and squid on the wing. With only an ordinary beak these would have been difficult to keep hold of, and the pseudo-teeth evolved to prevent meals slipping away.”
The fossil skull was found in clay on the Isle of Sheppey and in its day the bird would have cruised above the waters covering what is now Essex, Kent and London.
When the bird died it sank to the bottom of the sea, where it was preserved after becoming covered in sediment. It was discovered about five years ago by a private collector but has only now been fully analysed, and the findings reported in the journal Palaeontology. Although the bird had a similar lifestyle to the albatross, analysis of its remains has shown that its closest relatives, living or extinct, are ducks and geese.
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50 million years is an intelligent estimate based on the information currently available & assuming current conditions always applied. If the Creationists' 'global flood' event actually occurred as described in the Bible then all dates before that event are wild guesses. Awesome goose by the way!
John, Antrim, UK
If you go to siverdale in lancs at low tide you can see dead cockle shells stuck in the silt .walk up into the village and you can see the exact same shells Fossilised in the lime stone garden walls. time is the key : it's easy to say 50 million years ,but just think about what that means......
mark, Eccles, england
Colin McIntosh - but the petrification of wood is a form of fossilization. It isn't wood that you're seeing, it's minerals that form the appearance of wood. And doesn't wood normally decay or get eaten too? Truth is, the fossilization process is fairly well understood, it's the odds that are long!
Fred, Elstree,
Ah, Jonathan! Study evolution properly, and you will see how all this works ....
jordaneakwall, London, UK
50 million years ago, eh? - Creationalists, respond?
Colin, Bomlo, Norway
Increadible stuff, I love hearing about all the great discoveries we continue to make in all areas of science and discovery.
As to this discussion below; is colin actually saying he doesn't believe in fossils?! Of course soft tissue breaks down, its not made from the same materials as bone.
Adam Webb, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Fred, we do watch wood petrify, in Lough Neagh. How do fossils form from gobbled up bodies? How long does it take for soft tissue to disappear, you'll not find that on a few years dead body. Sorry too many gaps and suppositions.
Colin, kilrea,
Isn't this just another saw-billed duck, like a merganser?
Rob Oldfield, York,
@Jonathan: Either it developed them until it out competed it's competitors or through developing them it could move to a strategy of skimming fish allowing it to carve it's own niche.
@Colin: This does happen now. But no-one's interested in the slowly calcify skull of a seagull.
bob, london,
Colin McIntosh - you have a fundamental misunderstanding of the fossilization process. It is an ongoing process that IS happening right now, this very second. However, you'll have to check back again in AT LEAST 10,000 years to see the results. In the meantime you could always watch wood petrify..?!
Fred, Elstree,
I'm always amazed at these figures grasped from thin air, a big duck with serrated teeth like a crocodiles, which flew about 50 million years ago, or 60 million, well, somewhere about that time. Give or take the odd million year or two
T. Ann Porage, Newport,
Colin, Fossils are rare because they require a very specific set of circumstances to be in place to allow their formation. It's not a case of simply 'just being covered in sediment'. Most remains simply decompose. People need to realise we are actually very lucky to find any at all.
Bob, Perth, Scotland
The Goose could easily 're-evolve' teeth. All that needs to happen is a branch of the species finds itself with a particular advantage for a particular prey and natural selection does the rest. If the mutation is beneficial it will survive until it becomes a hindrance, say the disapearance of prey.
Bob, Perth, Scotland
Its really not so strange to have "tooth like projections". Mute swans fro example have serrations on the edge of their beak to hold on to their food - as anyone who has held on to the bread too long when feeding them will testify.
Bill Lionheart, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire
'When the bird died it sank to the bottom of the sea, where it was preserved after becoming covered in sediment.' Why does this not now? Look at how many fossils we would have over the past few hundred years. Lets look at the reality of unmasked facts.
Colin McIntosh, Kilrea,
Quite right Jonathan... I don't think they 're-evolved' teeth as suggested, it's just that no earlier fossils of this bird have been found yet.
Jeff, Somerset, UK
Evolution is amazing! Different animals can try the same approach but evolution still eliminates them both.
Time is the "God" of Evolution, which is why creationists only want to admit the world was made a few thousand years ago.
Kev Rain, Wycombe, UK
Oh how joyfully mad! Evolution and now re-evolution? Wonderful! If the teeth were needed to hold on to the prey, then how did Mother Goose last enough generations to get the teeth in the first place? A good imagination is important in developing theory, but a good does of common sense helps (-:
Jonathan Bush, Southam, UK