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The Government was today ordered to release the minutes of Cabinet discussions where ministers discussed military action against Iraq.
Richard Thomas, the Information Commissioner, said the papers should be released under the Freedom of Information Act because of the "gravity and controversial nature" of the discussions. Ministers said that they had not yet decided whether to appeal against the decision.
It marks the latest stage of a battle over the March 2003 meetings, where ministers discussed the advice by Lord Goldsmith, then the Attorney-General, on the legality of the war in the run-up to the invasion which toppled Saddam Hussein's regime.
The Cabinet Office has refused to make the details public on the grounds that the papers were exempt because they related to the formulation of Government policy and ministerial communications.
However, Mr Thomas today ruled that, in this particular case, the public interest in disclosing the minutes outweighed the arguments.
"The commissioner considers that a decision on whether to take military action against another country is so important that accountability for such decision-making is paramount," a statement said.
"Though not strictly relevant, acceptance by the current Prime Minister that decisions to go to war should ultimately be referred to Parliament reinforce arguments flowing from the gravity of subject matter.
"In this case, in respect of the public debate and controversy surrounding the decision to take military action in Iraq, the process by which the Government reached its decision adds to the public interest in maximum transparency.
"This is reflected by, among other matters, the controversy surrounding the Attorney General’s legal advice on the legality of military action and the ministerial resignations which took place at that time.
"It is also the case that there is a widespread view that the justification for the decision on military action in Iraq is either not fully understood or that the public were not given the full or genuine reasons for that decision.
"In coupling this context with his analysis of the information itself, the commissioner believes that its release would assist in addressing uncertainties and controversies in this respect."
The ruling is likely to re-ignite the controversy over Lord Goldsmith’s legal advice on the war. Under Tony Blair, the Government strongly resisted demands for his advice to be released until a large section was leaked during the 2005 General Election campaign.
Clare Short, the former international development secretary, who quit the Government following the war and has launched a string of attacks on Labour foreign policy since then, said that the Cabinet minutes would only give a "sanitised" account of the meetings, but that the ruling set an important precedent.
"Having made this decision, the discussion won’t stop there. There will be pressure for more," she told BBC Radio 4’s The World at One.
The Government said it was "considering" the commissioner’s ruling this afternoon, and did not rule out appealing to the Information Tribunal on the matter. It has five weeks in which to do so.
"The requirements of openness and transparency must be balanced against the proper and effective functioning of Government," a spokesman said.
"At the very heart of that system is the constitutional convention of collective Cabinet responsibility."

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It's about time the Government tried to be transparent and accountable on matters such as Iraq. Perhaps it would ease international relations if they were.
Marie-Claire Oliver, Bath, United Kingdom
I am twenty three and have been paying attention to politics now for 6 years and all i witnessed is hypocrysy, incompetence, shady dealings and in general the defacing of this country by the goverment. To top it all off they (labour) take us into a an illegal war, it doesnt matter what legislation they make up to justify them selves, wrong is wrong simple as that. If they do release the details for going to war it wont make a difference now any way, the invasion was under the pretence Sadam had weapons of mass destruction (nuclear) of which he did not have and much of the iraqi millitary capability was ancient by our standards. Talking of which why invade a country and not outfit your forces with all the appropriate gear, body armour or boots. This incompetence and bungling is remenisent in all aspect of this this goverment such as education, nhs etc and because of this people like me and all my friends who represent the next generation of this country are leaving it! BYE!
mark walker, Barnet, England
To Mike in London
The convention of Collective responsibility, and indeed any of our "conventions" are, have not, and will never be enforceable. The courts have made that quite clear over many many years.
In my opinion, this is a perfect example of why this is the case, so that when they are used to hide what could be extremely damning evidence they can be overriden for the purposes of public interest.
Jonathan, Oxford,
How naive to think that the cabinet minutes would reveal anything. Richard Thomas, above all, should know that the cabinet minutes will be devoid of anything that exposes the government to potential charges. Over the years, Richard Thomas has been extremely careful to ensure that nothing is released that would embarrass No 10. Whilst pronouncing freedom of information and protection of individuals' data rights, nothing has been done to force the government into obeying its own laws. As such, his job has always been untenable, and an honourable person would have stepped down.
martin brighton, sheffield,
The constitutional importance of such a step is glossed over by this article.
Releasing the documents would indeed breach the convention of cabinet responsibility, which may or may not be justified, but such a decision should not be taken lightly, or indeed by the Information Commissioner.
It would undermine future cabinet meetings and could have what is known as a 'chilling effect' on future meetings. Members would not be able to have full and frank discussions for fear of the repercussions in the media. Ultimately it could lead to the same neutral, bland opinions expressed to the public being carried through to actual governance. Thus an intention to make the government more accountable could have other serious unintended consequences.
Mike, London,
Surely we all know now that Blair was instrumental in corrupting our form of democratic government. After all if you consult too widely then, increasingly, you are likely to be confronted by opposition. You could argue as was done on World at One today that a suppine cabinet was really at the root of the corruption. BUT then of course each of the cabinet depended on Blair for their jobs. We should not think politicians are any less susceptible to the pressures of patronage than any other paid employee. In my experience most people look after No. 1 and the altruism we might suspect an MP should demonstrate is neither more nor less than any other grafting employee. A plague on all their houses you might say!!
Douzens, Orpington, Kent
Taking into account the non availability of certain documents concerned with the Cash For Honours fiasco, It would seem to me most unlikely that anything but an abridged and sanitized account of the Cabinet Minutes will be available. Lots of time will no doubt be involved with picking over the bones of those but to no avail. The damage has been done and will last a quarter of a century and maybe longer if the situation is inflamed further. I have never been able to understand why no one in authority has been brave enough to consider the criminal aspects of these issues.
Robert, Kirk Ella,, Easy Yorks.,
Is Mr Thomas neutral on this issue?
His decision on this matter seems to me to be totally in favour of the protesters and political opponents of the goverment.
He appears not to have considered the possiblity that clarity and openess in this case could undermine the work of those forces still in Iraq and may well endanger them.
I suggest that the release of this data would be better left until the troops have left Iraq.
John Parker, Stockport,
The laws we all have to obey are not secret - how else would we know how to obey the law and in what circumstances we may offer a statutory defence.
When a judge rules on a point of law the reasons for that judgement are explained and published. This is the mark of an open society which respects the law.
âThe requirements of openness and transparency must be balanced against the proper and effective functioning of Government," a spokesman said.
Absolutely right â but not balanced against the need to conceal incompetence, criminal disregard for the law or the aggressive desires of the Bush/Blair presidency.
R Bingham, Lauzun, France
We, the electorate, must have the ultimate decision in the scrutiny of our democracically elected representatives. Should there be sufficient doubt - which there is, that Great Britain has invaded another sovereign state based on erroneous and formal information put forth to ourselves, then it is our absolute right to seek full clairification. There must be no whitewash in Westminster.
Robbie Rohan, Great Chart, Kent, UK
""The requirements of openness and transparency must be balanced against the proper and effective functioning of Government," a spokesman said."
Before accepting that argument I think I'd like to see an example of proper and effective functioning of Government.
Kay Tie, York,