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Fifteen British sailors and Marines were seized by Iran in internationally disputed waters and not in Iraq’s maritime territory as Parliament was told, according to new official documents released to The Times.
The Britons were seized because the US-led coalition designated a sea boundary for Iran’s territorial waters without telling the Iranians where it was, internal Ministry of Defence briefing papers reveal.
Documents released under the Freedom of Information Act detail for the first time the blunders last spring that led to what an all-party committee of MPs came to describe as a “national embarrassment”.
The captured 14 men and one woman were paraded on Iranian TV for a fortnight before being freed a year ago by a smiling President Ahmadinejad, who gave them new suits and bags of presents.
Newly released Ministry of Defence documents state that:
— The arrests took place in waters that are not internationally agreed as Iraqi;
— The coalition unilaterally designated a dividing line between Iraqi and Iranian waters in the Gulf without telling Iran where it was;
— The Iranian Revolutionary Guards’ coastal protection vessels were crossing this invisible line at a rate of three times a week; It was the British who apparently raised their weapons first before the Iranian gunboats came alongside;
— The cornered British, surrounded by heavily armed Iranians, made a hopeless last-minute radio plea for a helicopter to come back and provide air cover.
Iran always claimed that it had arrested the Britons for violating its territorial integrity.
Des Browne, the Defence Secretary, repeatedly told the Commons that the personnel were seized in Iraqi waters.
The MoD, in a televised briefing by Vice-Admiral Charles Style, the Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff, produced a map showing a line in the sea called “Iraq/Iran Territorial Water Boundary”. A location was given for the capture of the Britons inside what the chart said were “Iraq territorial waters”. But the newly released top-level internal briefing accepts that no such border exists.
The report, addressed to Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup, the Chief of the Defence Staff, blames the incident on the absence of an agreed boundary and a failure to coordinate between Iraq, Iran and the coalition.
Under the heading “Why the incident occurred”, the report examines the history of a border that has been disputed since a treaty between the Persian and Ottoman empires in 1639.
Professor Robert Springborg, of the School of Oriental and African Studies, said yesterday that it was negligent to fail to clarify with the Iranians where the notional boundary was.
Using the Freedom of Information Act, The Times made requests about the events. The MoD released two documents, although parts are censored. One is the report to Sir Jock dated April 13, 2007, a week after the Britons returned home unharmed. It was compiled after they had been debriefed. The other is the communications log between the mother ship HMS Cornwall and the two seaboats used by the boarding party.
What they said
“There is no doubt that HMS Cornwall was operating in Iraqi waters and that the incident itself took place in Iraqi waters . . . In the early days the Iranians provided us with a set of coordinates, and asserted that was where the event took place, but when we told them the coordinates were in Iraqi waters they changed that set and found one in their own waters. I do not think that even they sustain the position that the incident took place anywhere other than in Iraqi waters”
Des Browne, Defence Secretary, House of Commons, June 16, 2007
“Since the outset of the Iraq-Iran War there has been no formal ratified TTW [territorial waters] agreement in force between Iraq and Iran . . . In the absence of any formal agreement, the coalition tactical demarcation (the Op Line) is used as a notional TTW boundary. It is a US NAVCENT [US Naval Forces Central Command] construct based on an extension of the Algiers accord demarcation line beyond the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab [waterway] into the NAG [northern Arabian Gulf]. While it may be assumed that the Iranians must be aware of some form of operational boundary, the exact coordinates to the Op Line have not been published to Iran.”
MoD report to the Chief of the Defence Staff under the heading: ‘Why the incident occurred’, dated April 13, 2007, released to The Times under the FoI
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You might recall that I was one who pointed out that very possibiity at the time - in my lengthy comment. Things have apparently got worse in Iran since then. Eg, the moratorium on stoning and amputations has ended and there were recent reports of five prisoners having an arm and oppostite leg amputated as punishment, which is abhorrent. Any such aspects of Sharia law could never become accepted in the West. It could also be considered cruel to lock people up for life with no parole in solitary confinement in a small space insufficient for a zoo animal, with no window, & with the prospect of never ever being allowed out even for exercise in the case where they wont agree to a body search each time, or don't change their thinking, and then when they refuse food, are force fed for months until they relent and eat. (Other readers also, may have seen the TV expose - a US high security gaol. One of the prisoners experienced improved conditions when he converted to Christianity).
Joan Moira Peters, Whangarei (UK Citizen, temp. o/seas)
usa with power is not so dangerous, but a uas that losing its power scares me.
it is not the today of usa i do not trust, it is their tomorow i do not trust.
trying to force the bilble to come true in man's time rather that a god's time is disturbing me.
cyrus
cyrus, glasgow, uk
Once again this exposition adversely affects the credibility of the government, thus totally destroying whatever trust that the Nation had in them to state the truth. How can they be believed in the future on whatever subject? How many other fables are being drafted behind closed doors to vindicate this lunacy? In Iraq? In Afghanistan?
I am not surprised that the 'Voice of America and Britain' is being gradually tarnished even in the UN.
Nihal Jayawardhana, Hull, East Yorkshire
Well, Labour's new RN can cringe just as easily in international waters as in Iraq's, so what does it matter ?
L Stewart, Spalding, England
You can be sure that many more lies will be told about Iran in the future as well. The government need justification to join the americans and israelis in a bloody war that will result in the killing of millions in Iran.
Penny Wright, Leeds, West Yorkshire
As long as we as British ,US or whatever nation are seeking our own benefits in theri territory this will happen every now and then, the very ridiculous thing is that we are not only there with full loads of navals and soldiors but we also call their water Arabian Gulf instead of well historically, internationally known Persian Gulf. I am so sorry for the western world in 21st century, we are not good nations....
Bam, Utrecht, Netherlands
It's the PERSIAN GULF not the Arabian Gulf.
Maybe we should start calling the English channel the French Channel.
Kianoosh, Beijing, China
The important issue is that the sailors are all healthy and were released soon after the incident. Indisputably Iran treated them with respect and showed the civility and friendliness that exists in the Iranian culture and tradition. Unlike what some want to believe, the region belongs to those who are located there. The world must begin to accept the new Middle East. That is not Bush's Middle East. Hopefully UK will be able to talk directly to the Iranian regime and stay away from the warmongers in the US government.
Daryush, London, London
It is interesting how every dispute between US/UK and Iran, time after time eventually turns out to be the fault of US/UK and the US/UK governments are the ones who come up with huge lies and Iran seems to be consistantly telling the truth!
Should we be sad, sorry or depressed?
James, London,
Oh so now the british media decide to finally publish that it was in disputed territory when the MoD produce a document. I posted here at the time that it is well known that borders in the middle east are not concrete like many european countries, there are tribal areas and disputed territories abound in the middle east... this is how it is. All of this went unreported at the time by the british media, and instead we were fed with record number of news stories proclaiming that iran are enriching uranium to develop WMD and they are developing bombs to help al-qaida in iraq... all of which could not be proved... now it is surely embarrasing the amount of propaganda the british public was fed at the time.. with the majority of my friends believing it without question, how disconcerting!
Steven, Leeds,
Finally the truth is revealed. I wish people would just realize the government doesn't care about the truth. They only care that you believe the Iranians are evil just like they want you to.
Darius, Los Angeles, USA
Many thanks to President Ahmadinejad for delivering this important Wake Up Call to HMS Cornwall and the MOD but also for Iran's kind hospitality and generosity. This fiasco could have ended very differently.
Alison, Geneva, CH
Nevertheless, it cannot be said that the British boat was definitely in Iraqi waters, because there was no internationally recognised sea border.
I can't stand the British hubris which says, 'We are definitely in the right here,' when it was clearly in the wrong.
There's nothing positive to be said for the Iranians' kidnapping of the British crew either.
A sordid little nationalistic mess. On both sides.
James Kingdom, West Morland, UK
What a load of nonsense. The British boat was siezed by the IRGC "navy" because it was not properly supported by British or Coalition air and/or sea assets. Operating that close to Iranian waters, that boat should never have been sent anywhere at all without a proper plan for immediate air or sea coverage in case of an Iranian assault.
George Smith, San Antonio, Texas
Aggressors must always justify their actions in order fool the public and gain their support. It also helps justify money being spent for conquest and domination
Wallace, Mexico city,
The honourable gentlemen, the elected rerpresentatives in the UK democracy can not resist telling "untruths" in the parliment. Is it becuase they get away with it? or is it because it is all a game to them? or both? With the money they are getting , they would say anything!
It is the same again as before with the WMD, the Iraqi goverment was telling the truth and our honourable gentlemen were telling "untruths". For those who will remember, Mr A Eden and the Suez crisis in1956 when he calimed that the goverment had no prior knowledge of the attack on Egypt..
Any chance of the truth,real democracy, transparancey, etc...etc..
I think not
akil a elewa, RINGWOOD, HANTS
Partisan points aside Ii think the moral of this embarassing episode is that you should not take things at face value...wait for a year or so when under the Freedom of Information Act you force the govt to tel the truth....
Giles, Singapore, Singapore
All part of the American plan to try to create an incident to attack Iran. The Brits were being used as the bait. A few British soldiers in the interests of the US and Israel. Never mind.
Shaffiq Mahmood, Halifax, UK
This news item tells us that the capture took place in a disputed area. At the same time, let us not forget that the Iranians, when told that the coordinates they had originally provided, lay in Iraqi waters, supplied an alternative location. I wonder why.
Alice Cripps, Worthing, UK
Arabian Gulf!!!!!! I think we should study History and Giography again. "Persian Gulf" is the right name
Kamal, Ottawa, Canada
I care. Because I'm shamed at the incompetence of the Royal Navy that allowed this group of children to be ambushed. I'm disgusted at the lies told to us in Parliament. And I'm concerned that the standing of our country was damaged by the incident.
We have just seen two senior people leave BA because of the mess they made. Equally heads should roll at the Ministry of Defence.
Mike C, Chichester, England
What else has Britain lied about?
oxi, Chicago,
The fact that the RN boat was in International Waters was never in doubt as far as the free world was concerned. What was embarassing was the capture and the shame afterwards. Des Browne should have resigned over this as well as some of the officers involved.
kirk, Rotherham, UK
And we still haven't got any of our boats back!
Bob , Swadlincote, uk
Are there elements in US forces hoping to trigger an incident to use as a pretext for war with Iran ?
We know Duck Cheney would like to go out in a blaze of glory.
Chris, chesterfield, uk
(......mouth of the Shatt al-Arab [waterway] into the NAG [northern Arabian Gulf]...... ) Arabian gulf !!!! No body of water by that name has ever existed. The correct name is Persian Gulf
ben, manchester, uk
If there's no agreed line, then the Iranians were still in the wrong, because they couldn't have known whether or not it was their waters either.
JonB, Manchester, UK
So what's new? Anyone who has even a minor understanding of the region realises that a lot of these borders are disputed and these types of incidents are extremely likely to happen. The British Navy messed up seriously by leaving the vessel unsupported and the British government messed up by spinning an already embarassing story into a national humiliation.
Mike Pemberton, London, London
I can never believe the govenement again. They are a bunch of liars. They only serve US interests.
John, London,
I commented last year that the Persian gulf water boundaries near the Iraqi soil remains disputed. I also stated that it was not up to the UK or USA to muscle in and to try to draw an artificial line and set the boundary. Unfortunately, it appears that such intent and by default confusion lead to the arrest of our sailors. This is total arrogance and for us to think that a questionable UN mandate to be present in the Persian Gulf gives us the right to predetermine disputed territorial boarders beggers belief.
I also find our reference to the historic Persian Gulf as the arab gulf very rude and insulting to the Iranians and we should show more respect to a nation that has refered to this waterways as the Persian gulf for the last 2500 years. Our behaviour and our wording is provocative and we should be honest enough to face this fact. Lower down the Persian gulf, is the Arabian Sea. No amount of arab appeasement is going to change this historic fact and we should show more respect.
John, Cheltenham, UK
As British we have a notion that truth is important that we do not expect our government to lie to us 'for our own good' and that we are mature enough to deal with the truth. If this government is incapable of understanding this is it not time we changed it?
David Amerland, Cheadle, UK, Cheshire
A gutless performance by all concerned, especially the Secretary of State and his Admirals but not the Iranians who win this one hands down..
Michael, Wichester, England
Well, I care..it seems that the UK spin machine kicked in and fed us a load of rubbish when the incident occured. I never thought I'd be getting the truth from the Iranian news agency rather than the Uk media and Uk government.
paul Maggs, brighton, england
Des Browne lied to the public. On such a sensitive issue and during such a sensitive time with the Iranians, this is negligent.
Martin, London, UK
This means the incident could have triggered a devestating war between the brits and the iranians based on false information and incompetence. But according to the coments on this website it's a big no no when it's the americans do it but it's ok when it comes to other countries. To be honest it's hypocritical and scary.
john, london,
This was after all this fuss the media made over the capture, claiming that they were in Iraqi waters with "certainty". Furthermore exaggerate that "The British hostages were subjected to horrors"! Of courseâ¦. like when they were playing ping pong and chess! The other side plays a better game it seems, "water boarding"!
The Iranians would like to have guests. Nonetheless the choice is yours to be a guest or a âguestâ.
Come on in please!
Aryan, Tehran, Iran
Yet more signs of incompitence by this Part Time Defense Minister. Let him go and run Scotland and put someone with some soldiering experience run the MoD.
Dean, Southampton, England
So in the end, it seems as unlikely as it is the Iranians were telling the truth. The British forces were in their waters and most importantly had raised their weapons in provocation. What else should have been expected, obedience of HM bullying sailors? so much for the rule of law?
Sean, Sydney
seanhammilton, Perth, Australia
Who cares? The embarassment is that the Iranian boat was not obliterated.
Nick, Rotherham, UK
The siezure was made by the Revolutionary Guard Corps' boats and NOT by the Iranian Navy.
The IRGC is well known for its smuggling activities and firm control over criminal rackets in Iran and Southern Iraq.
Since the Defence Ministry stated the reason the British boat was where it was due to smuggling activity, perhaps this has more bearing on the incident.
Even if the boundary had been set between the Iranian Navy and Coalition Forces, the IRGC still acts independently.
John Bates, Melbourne, Florida