A detection system to spot turbulence in clouds ahead of aircraft is being tested to give pilots at least enough time to warn passengers to buckle up.

Scientists have developed software which analyses radar measurements to create a three-dimensional “mosaic” of cloud regions. They hope that sending these turbulence readings to commercial cockpits every 15 minutes will help to prevent injuries to passengers and save airlines money.

Injuries to cabin crew from turbulence cost the aviation industry more than £30 million each year and at least 1,000 passengers suffer minor injuries. Turbulence can be a serious threat to the safety of aircraft, especially small planes, and it was cited as a factor in 509 air accidents in the US from 1992-2001 which resulted in 251 deaths. It also causes delays, extra fuel consumption and damage to aircraft.

The detection system is being tested on commercial flights by United Airlines this autumn. Earlier tests identified 80 per cent of moderate and severe cloud turbulence.

John Williams, from the National Centre for Atmospheric Research in the US, which has been developing the system, said: “Our goal is to use these radar measurements to create a three-dimensional mosaic showing turbulence across the country that can help pilots avoid hazardous areas, or at least give them enough warning to turn on the ‘fasten seat belt’ sign.”

Scientists are hopeful that the system can be introduced by 2011.

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