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The video we saw last week of the friendly-fire attack by two American A-10 jets on a British armoured column in March 2003 was deeply disturbing. Listening to the American pilots’ voices was even worse. Hard though it is to believe, one of the pilots decides that the painted orange panels which every coalition vehicle had to display on its roof are in fact rocket launchers.
“I think killing these damn rocket launchers, it would be great,” the second pilot says. They open fire. Lance Corporal of Horse Matty Hull is killed, four others are injured. Then the excitability in the cockpits changes to despair: “I’m going to be sick . . . We’re in jail, dude.”
He was wrong. As in the overwhelming majority of cases where American forces have attacked their friends over the years, no disciplinary action followed. The message that was sent to other pilots, other soldiers was clear: aggression comes first, judgment and common sense second. The entire US command structure dedicated itself to protecting people who had done serious damage to the reputation of the American military as a whole.
In 2003 I made a documentary for the BBC about a friendly-fire incident I was involved in during the invasion of Iraq. We had been travelling with a group of American and Kurdish special forces when an American naval F-15 dropped a 1,000lb bomb right in the middle of us. It landed 12 yards from me.
I found myself lying on the ground, my left side and face peppered with shrapnel, my left eardrum burst and roaring. My clothes were ripped, but I was alive. So were my BBC colleagues. It was a miracle.
But it wasn’t a miracle for Kamaran Abdurrazak Mohammed, our translator, who had been standing near me. A large piece of shrapnel had mangled his legs. He lay where the blast had thrown him, the lifeblood pumping out of him. A couple of American special forces medics and our BBC security adviser tried to stem the flow. Tom Giles, my producer, held him in his arms. It wasn’t a nice, quiet, easy death: Kamaran fought and shouted in a delirium before he finally became unconscious.
All around us, 17 other men were dying as well. One walked past me, urgently and fast, clutching his guts in his arms until he collapsed a few yards away and died where he lay. Others burnt to death, kneeling on the ground and screaming in their last agony, the thick blue-black smoke billowing from their flaming bodies.
It was disgusting and shameful, and criminally stupid. The military vehicles in our convoy were American Humvees — easily recognisable. Like Matty Hull’s vehicle, they and the civilian cars accompanying them carried big orange panels on their roofs. One of the Humvees was flying an enormous Stars and Stripes.
The pilot of the F-15 must surely have seen all this. He had circled overhead for 10 minutes at only 1,000ft before he dropped his bomb. It looked like another triumph of aggression over rationality.
But, as Matty Hull’s widow discovered, the American Department of Defence’s main concern seems to be to protect the people responsible; the victims and their families get nothing except expressions of sympathy. This is not because the US government is afraid it will be sued if it admits any kind of guilt. It is protected by ironclad legislation at times of war.
But at least the Pentagon was polite. The Ministry of Defence in London, by contrast, was not only disinclined to help, it made it clear it thought we were to blame for what had happened to us. Like the Pentagon, the MoD ran an “embedding” scheme during the invasion, which allowed journalists to report alongside fighting units. If we chose not to take advantage of that, then anything that happened to us was our fault. Maybe that was true; but how did it apply to the Kurdish special forces soldiers who died?
After many months, our pressure on the Pentagon paid off. We still would not be able to interview anyone on camera, but I was given an off-the-record briefing by the admiral commanding the aircraft carrier from which the plane that attacked us had flown. I liked him immensely. He was relaxed, charming, very apologetic, and about my age. Yet what he said was deeply disturbing. This affair had been the worst friendly-fire incident of the war, yet I realised as I listened to him that there had only been one investigation into it. And that was the swift debriefing the admiral himself gave the pilot when he returned from the attack. There might be a more formal investigation later, he told me. But none seems to have taken place.
There was a proper hearing into the Matty Hull case, and the MoD sent observers to it. But the result was exactly the same: no blame attached to the pilots, and neither of them would have to attend an inquest into the case in Britain. Did the Ministry of Defence object on behalf of the British soldiers who had been killed or wounded, and their grieving relatives?
If it did, no one on the American side seems to have noticed it. In a way, the loyalty that the Pentagon shows towards the soldiers and pilots it sends into battle is admirable: regardless of their mistakes of judgment, and the terrible consequences to their friends and allies, they will be protected. In the British forces, the MoD doesn’t have the same reputation.
But is it really a good idea to be so forgiving towards the carelessness, the lack of observation, the excitability of soldiers and airmen with such enormous firepower at their fingertips?
Any British soldier, any British war correspondent, will tell you that the Americans are perennially one of the chief threats on the modern battlefield. Perhaps if an example were made of some trigger-happy character who had attacked his own side, it might be a useful lesson to everyone else.
But it isn’t going to happen. And don’t expect the British Ministry of Defence to suggest that it should.
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The problem and the articles point, is not that the US commits friendly fire, it happens, we accept that, its that they dont care when they do.
In both of these examples, the "targets" were clearly marked as coalition vehicles.
So, something went wrong, either the soldiers are incompetant and should not be in charge of a rifle let alone and strike fighter, or the marking is ineffective.
An investigation into the matter would show which, and then measures can be taken to ensure it doesnt happen again.
Without that investigation, the only message people can take from the US is either it doesnt care if its pilots kill our soldiers through recklessness, or it doesnt care if its pilots kill our soldiers through preventable technical failure.
The problem persists, and more soldiers are going to die in friendly fire incidents that could very well be preventable.
Dominc, Manchester, UK
MONTE CASSINO, VIETNAM, IRAQ...... I read Margaret Roper's comments with great interest. I am German who fought at the battle for Monte Cassino. Our commanding officer negotiated with the British the safe withdrawal of civilians trapped in the basilica. The British clearly didn't tell their American allies about the evacuation as the Americans then proceeded to bomb the cilivians the day before the agreed evacuation. Despite the white flags that were put out. Many of these civilians were killed as a result.
On several occasions during WW2 we watched American airforce Mustangs straff American frontline troops with rockets and machine gun fire. We were always surprised how much ammunition they wasted. Training and discipline seem to be foreign words to the US military.
Martin Classen, Berlin, GERMANY
I guess the aircraft was a carrier based F18 rather than a F15. Its possible these pilots have been told to dump their ordnance rather than land back on the carrier with it, which can be a risky proposition.
Where better to test it than a moving target ? One with orange panels would do nicely as it won't be taking evasive action. Just take your time, line up the vehicles nicely, focus on the orange panel on the roof....
J. Taylor, London,
Is anyone else slightly sickened that the immediate thoughts of the pilots who killed Matty Hull were focused on their own future?
Nick Tate, Beijing, China
My husband was at Monte Casino during the last war,and although he liked our Ameican Allies,there was a saying amongst all the soldiers that when the Germans bombed the English "got down";when the English bombed the Germans "got down".When the Americans bombed every one " got down".There may have been some excuse in those far off days as instruments were less sophisticated
Margaret Roper, Daventry, England
We can hypothesize whether the pilots were "gung-ho" (nice job, Times) or whether a had a horrible error was made but the fact is that unless you have been in these situations you cannot begin to understand how the situation occurred. We all know about pilot error in the aviation industry. Here's a question; What is the rate of friendly fire of any of the other forces other than the US and is it even reported? And if the US has 50000 troops in Iraq and Italy 15000 then do you measure them equally? I do not have any doubt that the pilots are sick with regret and nobody wants to commit any harm to their own, but this is war. Most of you and I are armchair generals. My condolences to the brave families that were affected by these avoidable (so I think) tragedies.
Warren, Cincinnati, OH
An F-15 flying from a carrier? I think not.
This kind of inaccuracy casts doubt upon the accuracy of the rest of the report.
Jim , Manchester,
First things first. F-15s are not carrier borne. Check your facts. I am not denying what happened to you, but it detracts from your credibility.
Additionally, friendly fire isn't, and it happens. It's not always excusable, but it will never cease to happen. I have neither seen nor heard of a military organization that is, was, or will be immune. It is tragic, but it happens. Reading and listening to British media sources, however, one would think that the U.S. military invented freindly fire as an alternate form of target practice in the instance no enemy targets are available.
Alas, I have to remind myself that the media is little different wheter in the U.S., the U.K., Germany, France, or wherever: objectivity, factuality, decency , and in many cases the truth (especially the whole truth) be damned so long as its sells.
Jamie, Charleston, U.S. / West Virginia
What happens if say Prince Harry is the target of US air support. Afterall Harry will be doing the same job as Matty Hull in the same type of vehicles. Would the US or MoD do anything then? Probably not.
A good way of preventing fratricide from US Close Air Support aircraft would be to have British units take with them their own air defence assets specifically to keep US aircraft off their backs. And give them the same orders as the US aircraft seem to obey - shoot first and ask questions later. That's about the only way to get the US pilots minds focused on the problem.
Bry Barnes, Somerset, UK
I think technology has improved a little since 1917 James and these days if you put a gung ho individual with no accountability behind the controls of a $20 million killing machine you will expect mistakes, of course. But thats exactly the point. Accidents do happen but with the training and technology that i would hope is available to US forces, it's alarming how many times these 'accidents' happen. If you belive your military being the most effective military on Earth then do you also believe Napalm being the most effective way of cutting grass. Victory by any means and any consequences is far from victorious...i think it is you that doesn't understand
Adam, London, UK
The US Navy does not have F-15s. As a reporter you should get even the most minute facts straight. The end result of the incident is truly tragic, but only those who were there and "pulled the trigger" really know for sure what happened. And in the end, no matter what we (collectively) think, or would like to do, they have to live with it, and are their own tormentor.
Gunner, West Point, Mississippi
Are these Blue on Blue "accidents" the real reason America wants nothing to do with ICC
kinnear Ios Greece, ios, greece
Another excuse to bash the Amerucans. Dinner parties around London will be abuzz with accusations of US military incompetence - "Of course this never happens in the British army."
Friendly fire incidents have been with us since time immemorial. It happens and it happens with the armed services of all nations. I have just been reading a history of the Batle of Loos in 1915 - and poorly trained British infantry opened fire on other British troops again and again. And of course in the Falklands a British helicopter was shot down by an RN destroyer.
The problem with Europe's anti-US hate and hysteria is that it has become completely impossible to conduct any sort of rational discussion.
Hugh, London,
Yes, human beings do make mistakes and some are unavoidable. These mistakes on the other hand were completely avoidable. I don't like the 'gung ho' tag that many correspondents place on our American allies, it makes them sound like amateurs which we know they are not. But at the same time the attitude that comes across is a lack of professionalism, which is reinforced by the US governments attitude as well. I'm sure that the US airman involved in this friendly fire are totally gutted at what they have done. No doubt lessons have been taught and hands wrung, let us just hope that the lesson taught has been learnt as well.
Kirk, Rotherham, UK
I have served in the Uk army in various regiments for 10 years in both regular and special forces. On numerous occaisions I have worked alongside US FAC's who were attached to my units.
Fortunately I only worked with these units on exercise. On two completely different exercises involving two different FAC teams I witnessed these units routinely bringing in indirect fire without any coordination to the units they were attached to. They disregarded briefings and instructions. The consequence had, real bombs fallen ,would have been catastrophic. In one case a whole company of 1 Para would have been decimated.
Exercises however are just that, practice, where lessons can be learnt. Unfortunately I never saw the units or their commanders accept that mistakes had been made nor question individual competence or procedure. They seemed not to care. John Simpson's observations and conclusions are spot on.
Oliver Waugh, London,
"You obviously don't understand war, so you probably should not report on it. "
He was there mate, entrenched, when he had a bomb dropped on him - I'd say that qualifys him to report on it.
No one is knocking the USA, it's the fact that you guys have a huge reputation for blue on blue - friendly fires! alot of your own soldiers have been killed by their american colleagues too!
As for your military being the most 'effectiveon earth' hahahah, they have the biggest and most advanced firepower but are probaly one of the least INEFFECIENT as demonstrated by the above incident.
Learn how to fight.
Dan Hutch, LEEDS,
You obviously don't understand war, so you probably should not report on it.
War is waged to force the enemy to capitualate to your terms and is done so by using the fiercest means possible.
That means that human beings are involved at both ends of the killing. These human beings can make mistakes. Obviously the results of those mistakes are immense.
"Any British soldier, any British war correspondent, will tell you that the Americans are perennially one of the chief threats on the modern battlefield."
Of course they are. They are the most effective military on Earth. They should scare even themselves. But, they do not take this lightly, as you suggest.
The British military has critisized the US since WWI, even when they were sending tens of thousands of their troops to death by storming German lines. Let's keep some perspective here.
James Troscinski, Grosse Pointe Park, USA