David Rose
Win a trip to the Ice Hotel in Lapland
Nightclubs, bars and festivals that sell nitrous oxide face prosecution as part of a purge on the recreational use of the chemical.
Drug regulators said yesterday that anyone supplying the compound, commonly known as laughing gas, for recreational inhalation was complicit in an activity that carried serious health risks and would be prosecuted.
The Medicines and Health-care products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) said that the maximum penalty for supplying nitrous oxide in contravention of the Medicines Act was two years’ imprisonment or an unlimited fine.
Use of nitrous oxide has surged in popularity in recent years as a cheap, seemingly harmless and supposedly legal “high”.
However, while its use as a medical anaesthetic and in some food products, such as canisters of whipped cream, is permitted, only pharmacists are legally allowed to supply it in a gas form.
The crackdown by the MHRA follows the death of a 23-year-old company manager in Birmingham.
Although the gas is not toxic, excessive inhalation can cause hypoxia — a lack of oxygen in the brain — which led to the death of Daniel Watts, whose body was found at his home next to a large cylinder of nitrous oxide.
An inquest in January was told that he had asphyxiated himself by excessive inhalation of the drug, which is known as “hippie crack” because of its psychological addictiveness and for the euphoria it induces.
The supply of nitrous oxide for recreational use — where balloons of the colourless, odourless gas are inhaled to give a temporary, dizzying rush — has become increasingly common.
Long-term dangers to health include bone-marrow suppression, blood-cell problems and poisoning of the central nervous system. The risks are likely to be aggravated if the drug is combined with alcohol or other narcotics, and they are particularly severe for pregnant women.
Under current laws, anyone over the age of 18 can buy the gas for culinary purposes — it is present in pressurised canisters. This presents a loophole for people who can modify the canisters so that they can extract and inhale the gas. Possessing and inhaling nitrous oxide remains legal.
A host of venues throughout Britain openly supply the gas, considered a “dinner-party drug” in some circles. Kits comprising a canister and a batch of pellets are also available on the internet for as little as £30.
Martin Barnes, chief executive of the drug charity Drug-Scope, said that inhaling gas directly from canisters was extremely dangerous, because it can freeze both the throat and lungs.
“Laughing gas is by no means a risk-free drug, and when used outside of a controlled medical setting it can be dangerous,” he said.
“Nitrous oxide replaces oxygen in the lungs. If taken in sufficient quantities and at a high enough concentration, it can lead to fatal asphyxiation.”
The Local Authorities Co-ordinators of Regulatory Services have now written to councils recommending that they police nightclubs, festivals and bars that may be supplying nitrous oxide.
Councils that find venues to be in breach of this warning would then report them to the MHRA, and possibly prosecute them.
Mick Deats, head of enforcement and intelligence at the MHRA, said that at least one website selling the gas was being investigated for possible illegal activity.
Two centuries of intoxication
» Nitrous oxide - laughing gas - was discovered by Joseph Priestley, a scientist and clergyman, in 1793
» Humphry Davy tested the gas on himself and his friends, including the poets Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey, noting that the gas could alleviate physical pain
» Robert Southey wrote: “I am sure the air in heaven must be this wonderworking gas of delight”
» In the first half of the 19th century people paid to inhale a minute’s worth of gas
» Nitrous oxide can be injected into the fuel of racing cars to give them added acceleration It is also present as a powerful greenhouse gas in the atmosphere
Source: Times Database
Industry sectors news at a glance. Interactive heatmap, video and podcast
The inside track on current trends in the charity, not for profit and social enterprise sectors
Read our exclusive 100 Years of Fleming and Bond interactive timeline, packed with original Times articles and reviews
Everything the Business Traveller needs to know to make a better trip
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
05/2005
£13,500
08/2008
£109,950
2005 / 55
£59,500
Great car insurance deals online
£Excellent+ executive benefits
Torres and Partners
London
£49,229 - £62,035 pro rata
Charity Commission
London/Liverpool/Taunton
Alstom Power
Europe
Six Figure
Rolls Royce
Midlands/Europe
From £89,950
Special Offers now available
At the new sophisticated
Encore Las Vegas Resort!
Cruise the Islands of Hawaii - Pride of America
List your property with two leading travel websites
Great travel insurance deals online
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times, or place your advertisement.
Times Online Services: Dating | Jobs | Property Search | Used Cars | Holidays | Births, Marriages, Deaths
News International associated websites: Globrix | Property Finder | Milkround
Copyright 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
a couple of months ago my friends and i were discussing the legality of laughing gas and came to the conclusion that as there were so many people making money from laughing gas and many more enjoying it, it would inevitably be criminalised. Any 'drug' that does not fill the governments coffers is clearly an anaethema to the powers that be and one moron choking himself to death on a plastic bag is all the excuse they need to institute a ban. it looks like the public are set to lose another fun, legal and relatively harmless way of enjoying themselves, first magic mushrooms and now laughing gas.
james, manchester,
It is a real shame to see how those responsible in government are quick to condemn the substance involved and not the method in which it was taken - surely if you stick a plastic bag over your head your at risk of not being able to breath properly! Theres no mention of the dangers of plastic bags!
If there is no actual proof that recreational use is significantly harmful we should have the freedom to choose if we use it or not.
Anything in excess is harmful, to much fat or salt in our diets but there are no restrictions at all on how much we consume and that results in adverse medical conditions that cost the NHS millions.
Double standards!
This article is totally out of context of the reality of Noz
laleh yeganegy, southampton, uk
Pardon the pun, but I find this quote laughable - The risks are likely to be aggravated if the drug is combined with alcohol or other narcotics, and they are particularly severe for pregnant women.
Nitrous Oxide is one hald of Entonox, commonly referred to as gas and air in delivery suites up and down the country. Also commonly found alongside Pethidine, a narcotic!
Naomi John, Farnborough, UK
Well I have read about people dieing after consuming a peanut or peanuts for that matter, yet I have yet to hear of any government crackdown on peanuts.... Im sure that there have been more people who have died of peanuts then "laughing gas" surely there is another motive for this ban, taxes, like cigarettes and alcohol maybe....
Thom Schmidt, London,
Although it is a shame that this person has died "next to a large cylinder" of NOS this by no means says he died because of it, it is a known fact that this was a suicide just the same as the people who sit in a car with a pipe in the exhaust and through the car window, what will the government do next ban cars or even bring a law in that nobody is allowed to sell bags without holes in it.
The nanny state at it again I think.
Tom Phillips, Leeds, UK
**and something like eating a carrot will probably also deplete your B12
Nicholas, Brighton,
Its not nonsense,some one has died from it.What else is there to say? If it can kill one it can kill more.If people need any type of drug to have a good night out then they seriously need to get a life.
Jen, Bath, England
As for the side effects, any dizziness is usually gone after a few minutes unless you have taken a very large number of balloons in an evening in which case it may last for a couple of hours. Sometimes, if you take too many, they may give you a slight headache. If you hold a lungful of nitrous in your lungs, instead of breathing in and out to the balloon, the pressure can cause nitrous oxide to enter your stomach and this can give you a stomach ache. The most annoying side effect by far though is partial amnesia to any visions obtained in the dream state. If you try to explain exactly what your dream contained, before the time you have figured out how to put in into words you have forgotten enough of the details that you cannot explain it anymore.
Nitrous oxide does deplete your B12, so it is important to take vitamin supplements, and a long term vitamin deficiencies (of any v
James McGuigan, London, London
Nitrous Oxide, when bought in reasonable quantities online, costs about 20-25p a cartridge. Some nightclubs in central London sell balloons for between £1-2 each.
For organizers running a clubnight, this can be a significant added profit (in some cases the difference between a profit and a loss), as it is almost always the venue running the bar and cloakroom, with the organizers only collecting the entrance fee (and profits from selling glowsticks, face paint and balloons).
Due to the cost, the quantities a person would consume within a club are fairly small, maybe 3 or 4 in a night. Though at private house parties, nitrous can be a bit like a packet of pringles "once you pop, you just can't stop", and a group of friends getting though 100+ in a night is not unusual, the number is usually limited by the quantity of cartridges taken to the party in the first place. I have known people who have consumed outrageous numbers of balloons with no long term side effects.
James McGuigan, London, London
Good Lord, they give this stuff to women in labour precisely because it is so safe and cannot harm either her, or the baby, even if inhaled in large amounts over the several hours of your average labour.
I got through two whole canisters of this with my first child - proper large canisters, not the fiddling little capsules they inflate balloons in clubs with. Funnily enough I'm fine, and so is my grown up son.
What a load of nonsense - again - from our hysterical knee jerk government.
Save the money local authorities - go prosecute someone who does some harm... maybe prosecute the large numbers of clubs who sell alcohol to those under 18 - thats definitely harmful, against the law and out of control.
Shame on the councils who seek to spend yet more of our council tax money to enforce yet another bout of moral hysteria without being able to police the black and white regulations they already have.
jo adams, builth wells, wales
Although it is very sad that this guy died from the use of Laughing Gas, I understand that he was inhaling directly from a large canister of NO2, put a plastic bag over his head and died from asphyxiation.
Now the majority of Laughing Gas users inhale a small amount of gas from a balloon, from which I don't believe there has been one reported death in the UK.
However, giving the straight facts and educating people on safe use of laughing gas, will never get in the way of hysteria and scaremongering to sound tough on drugs. The fact that laughing gas has been inhaled via balloons millions of times over the last few years with no deaths or noticeable damage to health will not stop politicians or petty minded bureaucrats from the MRHA trying to stop what many consider to be a harmless bit of fun, just like they did with Magic Mushrooms a couple of years ago.
I'm afraid it's back to poisoning yourself on highly addictive alcohol or nicotine, but that of course generates lots of tax revenue.
Chris Bovey, Totnes, Devon
yet another example of this nanny state trying to control us me personally i don't use n2o but i don't begrudge others doing so
a woods, manchester ,
As a former devotee of N2O also known as laughing gas or Lachgaz, I can say that I am alive now and while a habitual user, more than10 years ago, found no contrary effects nor did my psychiatrist of the time.
Since you say that there is a loophole in the law, I would recommend the following to your readers: use a condom rather than a balloon; use a whipping cream dispenser, without cream, as the gaseous reservoir. Breathe air between inhalations from the "balloon."
Nothing on the books remains to criminalize usage of N2O, so it is better to give out practical information for those self-selected members of the public who choose to find out what Robert Southey, among others, was so ecstatic about. It is in the realm of a public service to disseminate life-saving precautionary words about an agent of bliss.
Morgan Russell, Vienna, Austria
Imagine they found someone dead next to packets of cigarettes and a bottle of Jack Daniels, would the government then ban these from our shelves? Not a chance because they are tax revenue raisers and the government feeds off the vices of the communities they are suppose to support. Where does the government draw income from balloons? No where. The war on fun continues.
Damian Gelle, London, United Kingdom
I agree with the other comment, one death because some fool goes and inhales it out the canister and it hits the front pages, yet god knows how many people die every month of alcohol and smoking and no one blinks an eyelid.
Iain Simpson, Lincoln, Lincolnshire
It truly amazes me that there is such hysteria over the use of this quite innocuous, when used sensibly, substance.
The high is short lived and the hit from a single balloon is going to kill no-one. Mr Watts had put a bag over his head and was breathing the substance from a large cannister, not something you would see in a club or rave.
Perhaps the MHRA should look at banning Alcohol and cigarettes as these two kill more people than anything.
Nitrous? Cheap short lived buzz that is safer than binge drinking and chain smoking.
Mark Websper, Margate, Kent
So when is the Medicines and Health-care products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) going to issue the same warning and notice regarding alcohol ?
Chris Straiton, Hove, East Sussex