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AN airline is flying an empty passenger jet between Heathrow and Cardiff on a daily basis — just so that it can hold on to its lucrative slots at the London airport.
The flights, which have pumped hundreds of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in the past five months, threaten to undermine the aviation industry’s public stance of trying to reduce emissions.
The flights are being run by British Mediterranean Airways (BMed) — until recently part-owned by the family of Wafic Said, the Syrian-born financier — which flies the Airbus passenger plane from Heathrow to Cardiff and back six times a week. As a British Airways franchise, it pays a percentage of its revenue to BA in return for operating in its livery.
No tickets are sold and all 124 passenger seats are empty. Because there are no passengers, the “ghost” flights, which have run since October, do not appear on departure or arrival boards.
The sole purpose is to keep hold of landing slots on runways at Heathrow, the world’s busiest airport for international flights. The slots can be reallocated if an airline does not use them regularly. They are so valuable that they can change hands among airlines for up to £10m each.
The disclosure comes as David Cameron, the Tory leader, attempted this weekend to seize the “green” initiative with plans to hit airlines and passengers with new taxes. These could be calculated according to the number of miles they fly each year.
In The Sunday Times today, David Miliband, the environment secretary, proposes giving people an annual carbon allowance, making them financially responsible for their emissions. He also calls for restrictions on airline emissions.
Such concerns will be reinforced by the BMed ghost flights. Each 140-mile flight produces 5.21 tons of carbon dioxide.
Over the five months, the 12 flights a week will have sent as much CO2 into the atmosphere as 36,000 cars streaming along the M4 motorway. It is equivalent to the annual CO2 output of a town of 2,000 people.
By the end of this month the flights will also have cost BMed at least £2m. There is a £2,500 fuel bill for each flight, plus £300,000 a month for the lease, insurance, crew and maintenance charges.
Graham Thompson of Plane Stupid, a campaign group, said: “It’s quite shocking. These ghost flights very much undermine the greenwash we get from the airlines on how they are going to protect the environment. This shows that they are willing to sacrifice the climate for a profit.”
The flights reveal the lengths to which airlines will go to hang on to runway slots. All of Heathrow’s daily 1,250 time slots — except for a few late at night — are allocated to particular airlines and are jealously guarded. BA has 40% of the slots at Heathrow. There is also an active trade in the runway positions, with some carriers prepared to buy their way in.
While the trades are rarely made public, three years ago Qantas, the Australian airline, paid £20m for just two return flights a day.
Airlines must use their allocation or have the slot withdrawn. If a slot is not used 80% of the time over a six-month season, it is handed back to an independent coordinating body that allocates runway times.
BMed has just eight aircraft and flies as a BA franchise to destinations such as Tehran, Beirut, Yerevan in Armenia, Baku in Azerbaijan and Tbilisi in Georgia — a list that has led some to describe it as “BA with balls”.
It came up with the Cardiff plan after it was forced to scrap flights to Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, at the end of October after civil unrest there.
There is no passenger service between Heathrow and Cardiff. Industry experts claimed that the costs of launching a new service for five months would have been prohibitive. However, selling tickets at £100 a journey could have brought BMed as much as £12,400 revenue for each flight.
Last Friday night’s arrival was the last of the day at Cardiff and the two pilots walked through a deserted airport before going to their hotel to rest before yesterday’s return flight.
Green campaigners believe that airlines such as BMed should be fined for their blatant disregard of environmental concerns. Many airlines, including BA, offer to offset each passenger’s share of a flight’s carbon emissions in return for an extra fee.
Tony Juniper, vice-chairman of Friends of the Earth International, said: “It’s nuts. The government should take immediate steps to stop the practice. Clearly if a plane is full it can claim to be energy efficient, but flying empty planes is madness.”
He said that the government should introduce a new system to “fine” airlines that fly empty planes. There would be no charge for full aircraft but the levy would increase as the passenger list diminished.
David Richardson, BMed’s chief executive, said the company had examined several options for retaining the slots, including leasing them to another airline or operating ghost flights with a smaller aircraft.
“The Uzbek market had really collapsed, but we knew we would want to use those timings again this summer. It wasn’t the ideal thing to do, but we wanted to keep hold of it,” he said.
“It is possible to do it more cheaply than we have done — in theory. Our difficulty was that with the timings we had we needed an airport that was open all night. We looked at the alternatives, including Manston [in Kent], and Cardiff was the best option.”
Richardson said that BMed had decided to use a full-size airliner on the flight, rather than a smaller plane, so as not to slow down other arriving aircraft.
“You could use any type of plane, but the airport gets a little upset with you if you use a little Piper Warrior, say. We did not want to get on the wrong side of the airport on that, so we used the Airbus,” he said.
At the time BMed was eager to retain the valuable slots because it was seeking either fresh investment or a buyer. The airline was founded in 1994 under the chairmanship of Lord Hesketh, the Conservative peer.
Guernoy, a Guernsey-registered investment group which is controlled by the trust settlements of three members of the family of Said, the benefactor of the Said Business School at Oxford University, owned a 49% stake in BMed.
Last month BMI British Midland, the British airline group chaired by Sir Michael Bishop, announced that it had struck a deal to buy BMed for £30m. It will continue flying as a BA franchise until October.
BMI is the second largest slot holder at Heathrow, with 12% of the total. The London airport’s runways may be about to become even more valuable with the prospect of an open skies deal between Europe and America.
If this deal goes through — it is to be decided at a meeting of European transport ministers on March 22 — large American airlines that are currently barred from Heathrow are expected to buy their way in, pushing the prices of runway slots even higher.
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This is of great concern but given the rapidly increasing figure of international air traffic I am not surprised at LHR's policy. Annual global air traffic will double by 2025 with the ACI expecting 9 billion domestic and international passengers per year. Heathrow and other airports will not be mirroring such figures because of increasing restrictions on airport development. They will struggle to cope with the demand. The airport is not at fault here. BMed's decision was a selfish one, but I'm sure its board approved it, despite other airlines having a valid need for access to one of the top five airports in the world.
Annick Cable, Melbourne, Australia
I can't understand why an airline would want to operate a flight like this. even if they only had maybe 50 passengers onboard at least it is money towards their costs.
Is this airline business gone mad!!!!
ant drury, selby, uk
Perhaps this is one of the reasons why Continental Airlines cannot get into LHR. What a ridiculous situation.In order to get a CO flight to HOuston I am forced along with perhaps 200 other people to use my car both ways to LGW causing yet more polution.
Let's vote for a government that has more sense. Mr Blair I hope you read this !
Peter Veazey, Iver.Bucks, UK
The airports should be forced to change their policy on landing slots. An airline should be able to pay for and keep their landing slot even if they dont use it. Therefore if a plane is empty or partially empty an airline could choose whether to use the slot or not. As the policy stands more planes are being forced into the air! Do green taxes really help the environment??? Large companies such as airlines have no problem paying up but this doesn't help the situation, does it!!
Paul Knowles, Swansea, UK
Environmental Taxes? Nonsense. There seems to be an assumption that travel is subject to control; through price mechanisms while it is clearly not. I live in a rural area and commute into Belfsat for work by private transport . There is no public transport near me and as that dear man Stephen Norris observed one never knows who you would meet or what you might catch! (Ask any sentient epidemiologist about public transport as a disease vector).
I run my Landrover on Bio Diesel which is a renewable (and its production reduces CO2 through photosynthesis in rape seed plants) and I cant understand why the Govt maintains a high tax take on this fuel as well as normal fossil based fuels. Its about raising revenue through what is essentially fixed consumption for most people, so please no more hollow words about 'green taxes'.
Dan Sweeney, Belfast, Northern Ireland
This seems to be really efficient..... Especially in times when everyone tries to cut emissions into the atmosphere...
Mario, Kloten, Switzerland
Change the way slots are allocated in return for not increasing aviation tax. Allocate slots on the proportion of seats sold not flights used. Allow ten % of slots to be reallocated each year based on the airline's efficiency not on their ability to buy slots.
David Cage, Highworth, UK
iirc, its also used for training flights...
Steve, preston,
Why not run cut-rate flights to some tropical destination during the winter instead of having idle plans and pilots?
I would think that would be a no-brainer, really.
Otherwise, I really don't understand why you couldn't sell tickets, even one pound tickets, to at least recoup some of your costs and maybe gain a PR benefit for the airline for selling super-cheap tickets.
David H Dennis, Monongahela, PA, USA
The Minimum Wage for starters, expat in Utah.
Vern, London,
. Most airlines run nearly empty planes in Winter (i.e. off season) to keep their slots. This destroys value for the airline (it costs money) as well as destroying the environment.
Mark, London, UK
Might not be ideal but at least we still have the chance to book flights during the winter...
The alternative would be less airlines/seats and higher ticket prices!
bob, Bobtown, UK
"the USSR tried it, the Eastern European countries attempted it - the Chinese tell us its great."
I said "real socialism", not the state-run capitalism that the USSR etc tried. Real socialism has never existed, and has absolutely nothing in common with leftie-style state-controlled capitalism. With real socialism, there will be no leader(s), no minority class ownership of the vital resources, no production for profit and sale in a market, and no money. The old Soviet Union had all of these.
Heinrich Dorfmann, Maidstone, UK
Tax, tax, tax! Cameron, Blair - it's all the same. All politicians want is more money in the Treasury from us so they can screw us down even more. If you don't believe me, tell me one thing that the Labour party has down since its 10 years in power to enrich the lives of ordinary British folk! Nil, nitch, nothing!!
Expat, Utah,
"The sooner we progress to real socialism, the better."
Heinrich Dorfmann, Maidstone, UK
My dear Heinrich - the USSR tried it, the Eastern European countries attempted it - the Chinese tell us its great. Take your pick.
You don't think much of it otherwise you would have gone East !
Pravin, uk,
Surely the one and only solution is to fly less. Filling the empty plane with tourists is just as pointless. We need te rearrange our lives so we use sustainable transport.
K, Glasgow,
Once again the actions of a very small minority (1 airline) will be used as green propaganda to indroduce another "green" tax.
The tories have grabbed this one instance (that airport authorities should have dealt with) as an excuse to tax millions of air travellers a year. Punish the airline for this waste and pollution not the people who actually use air travel.
It seems all too easy these days to punish consumers with levies and charges in the name of the envrioment, but will this tax reduce emissions? Is any of the revenue raised going to be used to develop renewable energy sources? In both cases I would say its very very doubtful.
What will the Great british public do about this unfair form of taxation? Nothing because it's an envriomental issue!
If empty seats is an issue what about the thousands of buses and trains that run empty every hour? Will a green tax be placed on bus and train tickets next? When will we start standing up to green taxes?
Steven Gurr, Preston, Lancs
Capitalism is an incredibly dumb and wasteful system for using resources, and while a rich and powerful minority class continue to own and control the means of production and distribution, this sort of madness will continue. The sooner we progress to real socialism, the better.
Heinrich Dorfmann, Maidstone, UK
Surely the solution would be to build more runways. You woud save on the carbon footprint purely by not having planes stacked above Heathrow for 30 minutes burning fuel waiting for landing slots and not having to resort to ghost flights to hold onto your slot. But of course we couldn't do the sensible thing as this would be 'seen' to be encouraging the global warming disaster that is going to kill us all in the next few years.
Simon Doncaster, Glasgow,
Seems utterly illogical to me - what 'benefit' does retaining -apparently at all costs - a SLOT that is quite obviously under-subscribed, and un-profitable? In my opinion the Airport Authority is to blame.
There is no reasonable excuse for them to be allowing empty planes flying backwards and forwards with no passengers on-board. Airport Congestion as it is the airport authority shouldbe making sure services offered at their airport are at least used by the public.
If I lived under the route of that airline I would be furious knowing that not a soul was on the plane.
This does not even begin to approach the environmental concerns I have, which are just as concerning.
A Miller, Edinburgh,
unless the rest of the world take on board this" carbon footprint " we are wasting our time, it may bring in extra tax tax but will do nothing for the damage to the enviroment. Cameron is a fool who has no hope of ever leading the country, placed by the party not to win the next election for fear that they may inherit the war.
kenny, hove,
I agree, it is absurd, but it is the mis-administration of the issuing of landing slots that is to blame, not the airline reacting to the phoney market so created. Why doesn't the authority simply auction the landing slots?
Why is "More Tax!" always seen as the solution to every problem? More tax means more government, government is by far the largest emitter of offensive gases - and this problem has been created by too much government.
Why not less tax on railways and cars? They are more carbon-efficient when the total journey is considered.
By the way, Rich, it's Avtur, not Avgas. They are very different.
Richard Cooper, Dunstable, UK
"Fine airlines that fly empty planes." Does Tony Juniper actually reside on planet earth? Making money in aviation is difficult at the best of times, does he seriously believe that airlines launch empty aircraft for the fun of it? The costs are huge, not limited to just the fuel. Sometimes they have to be flown empty to maintenance bases. BA have such a facility in Cardiff and service 747 and 777 aircraft there. Perhaps BA should be fined as their 747 service from Heathrow to Cardiff was not full!
Airlines are very focused on reducing fuel burns. They don't need "advice" from politicians or green campaigners when the high cost of fuel is already hitting the bottom line.
Mike, Congleton,
Why blame the airlines when they are governed by airport procedures? Surely it would be more sensible for airline companies to pay a retention fee for slots they arent using.
Mark, Ashington, United Kingdom
Surely discounted seats with a bit of canny advertising and a tie-up with hotels operating in Cardiff would be a better alternative?
Justin, Wuhan, China
Quite simply ridiculous. I am a frequent flyer and will go to great lengths to avoid flying through Heathrow. Why are airlines prepared to take such extreme measures to preserve their right to fly out of the worst airport in the developed world? It would make more sense to distribute flights around the UK and remove the need for feeder flights.
Paul, Thornton, UK
It is time to get international consensus on taxing avgas so that flights are taxed at a similiar rate to trains and cars.
Rich, Caterbury, UK
This report is just the 'tip of the vanishing iceberg'. Most airlines run nearly empty planes in Winter (i.e. off season) to keep their slots. This destroys value for the airline (it costs money) as well as destroying the environment.
Mark, London, UK
Most systems are not perfect and the runway system is far from it. Within the system it is probably quite logical to have these flights, although in the bigger picture it is absurd.
As for a tax on miles flown each year I think this is not a very sensible idea. It would be far more sensible to tax the airlines and therefore have an adjusted price that reflects this rather than produce an administrative nightmare of personal flight miles tax.
Andy, London, UK
Instead of imposing yet more tax on the long suffering traveller why don't the authorities take action against those airline operators that continue to use noisy and fuel inefficient engines which cause so much pollution by banning them from entering a particular country's airspace.
Paul, Bangkok, Thailand
All in the name of business.. Making money is far more important to some people. Disgusting.
brian willmer, chiang mai, thailand
Good work BMed - I like the out of the box thinking - and it's absolutely the right thing to have done! With pending Open Skies we want as many Heathrow slots held by UK airlines as possible.
And the environmentalists can't complain about a few CO2 emissions - yes, it was a nutty plan, but a necessary evil. Why don't all the green campaigners get out of their houses and support the governments plan to replace all light bulbs with energy efficient ones - this will ofset these flights 100 times over ... but no ... that's still five years away and no one really cares! so don't go jumping up and down about a few flights when there are some valid energy saving initiatives available to us, with real benefits, and nothing happens ! C'est la vie ...
Chris, New York, USA