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The Sunday Times has found that home-grown products are being transported thousands of miles overseas for processing before being put on sale back in Britain.
Scottish prawns are being hand-shelled in China, Atlantic haddock caught off Scotland is being prepared in Poland and Welsh cockles are being sent to Holland to be put in jars before going on sale in Britain.
Meanwhile, products grown overseas are taking circuitous routes to Britain. African-grown coffee is being packed 3,500 miles away in India, Canadian prawns are processed in Iceland, and Bolivian nuts are being packed in Italy.
While ethical consumers have long opted for organic and fair trade products, there is now an increasing focus on cutting “food miles”, which generate unnecessary carbon emissions, contributing to global warming.
David Miliband, the environment secretary, has said he believes environmental labelling will in future be routinely available on products, along with nutritional information.
Supermarkets are working to environmental transport group, said: “We are producing food in one corner of the world, packing it in another and then shipping it somewhere else. It’s mad.”
Dawnfresh, a Scottish seafood company that supplies supermarkets and other large retailers, cut 70 jobs last year after deciding to ship its scampi more than 5,000 miles to China to be shelled by hand, then shipped back to the River Clyde in Scotland and breaded for sale in Britain.
The company said it was forced to make the move by commercial pressures. “This seems a bizarre thing to do but the reality is that the numbers don’t stack up any other way,” said Andrew Stapley, a director. “We are not the first in the industry to have had to do this. Sadly, it’s cheaper to process overseas than in the UK and companies like us are having to do this to remain competitive.”
Haddock is one of the fish most commonly caught by British trawlers, but Tesco sends its Atlantic haddock for processing to Poland where labour costs are lower. It is then driven more than 850 miles to Tesco’s depot in Daventry, Northamptonshire.
Organic and fair trade producers are also guilty of notching up excess food miles by sending their goods from country to country. Traidcraft coffee, sold at Sainsbury’s, is made from beans grown in Bukoba, Tanzania.
Once the coffee is cultivated, it is driven 656 miles to Dar-es-Salaam and then shipped 3,250 miles to Vijayawada in India where it is packed. The coffee is loaded back on the ships and transported another 5,000 miles to Southampton. It is then driven 330 miles to Gateshead and is finally driven to Leeds for distribution to Sainsbury’s stores.
Traidcraft says it aims to reduce its environmental impact, but maintains that by packing its coffee in India it is helping employ 500 people. It said information was provided to customers on the source and the location of the packaging operations.
Sainsbury’s organic fair trade rice, produced in the lush foothills of the Himalayas, is shipped to Lille, France, rather than Britain, to be packed. It then makes a second journey to end up on Sainsbury’s shelves.
It is not just fair trade coffee that is sent from country to country. Instead of directly importing coffee beans from Costa Rica for their instant coffee, Sainsbury’s and Tesco first send them to Germany. The final product then undergoes another 500-mile lorry journey to get to Britain.
Similarly, French-grown walnuts sold in Waitrose are sent to Naples to be packed. The retailer’s Brazil nuts from South America are also transported to Italy before being sent to Britain.
Inadequate labelling means it is impossible for a consumer to calculate the food miles of many products. Much of Britain’s canned tuna is processed in Thailand and the Seychelles, but the catches come from several countries, including France, which are not usually disclosed.
Caroline Lucas, the Green party MEP, said: “Ultimately, the price is paid by all of us in the shape of higher greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and congestion, and food that is both less tasty and less healthy.”
The industrialisation of the food chain means even small firms are being forced to ship their produce abroad for processing. Pilchard fillets, produced by the Pilchard Works in Cornwall, are sent on the overnight ferry to France because there is no suitable processing plant in England. The pilchards are canned in Douarnenez in Brittany, then returned to Cornwall.
Similarly, Welsh cockles – produced by Van Smirren Seafoods – are driven across Britain to Dover and then transported to Yerseke in Holland. They are pickled and put in jars before being sent back to Britain.
A 2005 study by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs estimated that domestic and international food transport for the UK market produces more than 19m tons of carbon dioxide and costs more than £9 billion a year in environmental, economic and social terms.
Young’s Seafood, criticised last year for sending langoustines to Thailand for processing, has commissioned a study on the environmental impact of its decision. It insists there was a “marginal” impact on carbon emissions because the Far East operations are done by hand, rather than by machine.
Supermarkets are reluctant to label products with food miles, but Tesco has said it will introduce labels on 70,000 products showing the total “carbon footprint” caused by transport and production. Additional reporting: Mary Rachel Meyer
Information printed on food labels about ‘country of origin’ can often be confusing or misleading thanks to a maze of different rules
- Meat products do not have to be labelled with the country of origin. This means companies such as Bernard Matthews can import meat from eastern Europe and label it as British produce after it is reshaped and breaded
- The main ingredients of processed food do not have to be labelled with their country of origin. This means the ‘food miles’ in most products, such as jams, juices and ready meals, are concealed from consumers
- Some food products can be described as coming from several countries as there is no requirement to give a single country of origin if firm buys product from different sources. Chicken breast may be labelled as from ‘EU, Brazil or Thailand’
For general information on how to read a food label, visit
www.eatwell.gov.uk/foodlabels/
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Buy locally. Fresh from the farm or farmer's market. Support your home industry. Knowledge is an important tool so prompt your government to ensure labels tell all.
D.J.Thomas, Victoria, Vancouver Island, Canada
Joan, Victoria, Canada
I agree with Keith Bentham minus the slur. Calculate the cost from dispatch back to the retailer(carbon cost inclusve), lets call this the Chinese cost. Strike a deal with the unemployed who need to earn cash as an enhancement to there earning for better skills training, cut the cost to the enviroment in carbon footprint terms, lets deal!
andand@kent, Tunbridge Wells,
Prawns are sent to China...because shoppers can't be bothered to shell them themselves???!!!???
steph, paris, france
Neither the World Trade Organisation nor national government can, will or care enough to solve this problem.
The most powerful body on earth is consumers; only they can exert sufficient pressure to influence these ridiculous practices.
Unfortunately consumers are not organised and anyway have their own agendas.
One day, when it is far, far too late (not long now) everyone (including perhaps Angela Simpson of Bristol whllst counting her precious profits, quoting the legal and ignoring the moral) will realise that there is only one world and we have destroyed it.
R Bingham, Lauzun, France
This is precisely what is wrong with globalism and why the anti-capitalist troops riot.
Wages in the west are slow pegged to gradually degrade them to third world levels. It gets dressed in fancy speak that we have to compete in the global economy. Well, you can't compete with China or India unless you work as hard as them. have their living standards or receive their wages.
There is no defence apart from protectionism which is forbidden by W.T.O
If British workers don't like it the government will just replace them with Chinese coolies.
What is needed is for the state to control capitalism, protect its workers and environment. Not the other way round and stuff the British worker and the environment.
Keith Bentham, Wigan, Lancashire
Taxing aviation fuel would put and end to this overnight.
wayne, huntingdon, cambs
In answer to Lynn, I don't think cholesterol is really an issue with prawns, see this site, although it isn't a disinterested party, from what I know it seems to be fairly accurate.
http://www.shellfish.org.uk/shellfish_diet.htm
However, prawns are filter feeders, so from what I understand the real issue is the amount of toxins they may have absorbed through their feeding practices. I have heard that this is only an issue if the prawns are uncooked.. Anyway, I guess the key is everything in moderation!
Sue, Islington, UK
I wouldn't say this is due to the minimum wage as much as it is to the lack of a global economic standard...'realists' such as Angela in Bristol, by sticking to their 'must make a profit' line, fail to answer the essential question - is it right?
Is it right that we are sending food thousands of miles, using fuel that could be put to other purposes, to save a few pence in production costs on a packet of frozen shrimp?
Is it right that we choose to take advantage of lower labour costs in foreign countries, rather than paying what would be a liveable wage in our own?
Profits be damned...they've stood in the way of integrity long enough.
Phil Stott, New York,
My husband was told that eating prawns can increase cholesterol levels : I myself personally love the stuff can't get enough of it. My husband refuses to eat them now. Can you point me in the right direction, I am sure eating it at least 2-3 times per will not do you any harm.
LYN WYNTER, london,
Look this is about the food we eat and our own health, not the economics. Do we really want to support such unhealthy practices? Look at the Matthews bird flu connection. Transporting high risk foods around the world for processing is a recipe for disaster, and i am sure it will come. Food is a basic human need and this gets forgotten if economics is the only consideration. However, looking at the economics the only reason it's cheaper is because the external costs to the environment the climate, are not paid by the companies in fuel tax etc. if they were it would probably still be cheaper to prepare food here.
Judy, Leamington, UK
Surely this is the ultimate in spin-doctoring. For the very party that decries our imperial heritage to allow us to foist our menial and manual work onto the 3rd world sweatshop industries is political hypocrisy of the worst kind. New labour really has forgotten its roots and adopted the capitalist mind-set.
It begs the obvious question of how much of the profits from this outsourcing found there way back into the labour party's coffers around election and honours list time?
KR, Stockport,
SECURITY
Has the Admiral read this article ?
Gut Liam, Hertford, England
Prawns sent to China - I presume frozen - then defrosted and shelled - then frozen again for the return journey.
Never mind the food miles what about all the refreezing of thawed food that we are told is such a health hazard.
G J BUNTON, SLOUGH, BERKSHIRE
This is due to the minimum wage, it is just to expensive to do the work in Britain. So what do you expect firms to do.
The government then brings out more laws to stop it happening and we move nearer to a dictatorship. why any company supports Labour is beyond me.
Johnny Norfolk, Norfolk, UK
I don't agree that the facts got in the way of a good story. Perhaps Mr Howell objects to the tone of the article which rightly downcries this practice. However, objective readers will understand that companies are forced, economically into this ridiculous ferrying of produce and it is the government which should be offering incentives and solutions to avoid it.
Alan Lawrence, Southampton, England
The well known expression "don't let the facts get in the way of a good story" could be applied to some of your "Hidden food miles of British produce". I own The Pilchard Works and carefully explained to your reporter that it was far more sensible to send our Cornish pilchards to Brittany to get canned-- 160 road miles and 110 nautical miles-- than it was to the only fish cannery left in the Britain which is in Scotland, 731 miles away. Apart from the fact that the fish quality is also better if we go overnight to France rather than taking the two days required by road in the UK. And the Bretons still use traditional production techniques, no longer used in the UK, that we need to achieve a particular taste.
There is also so much French produce coming top Britain that that we are able to get very good transport rates on the lorries to take our fish over there. I imagine a number of the other companies that you mention also use the same economic advantages to remain competitive.
Nick Howell, PENZANCE, CORNWALL
The well known expression "don't let the facts get in the way of a good story" could be applied to some of your "Hidden food miles of British produce". I own The Pilchard Works and carefully explained to your reporter that it was far more sensible to send our Cornish pilchards to Brittany to get canned-- 160 road miles and 110 nautical miles-- than it was to the only fish cannery left in the Britain which is in Scotland, 731 miles away. Apart from the fact that the fish quality is also better if we go overnight to France rather than taking the two days required by road in the UK. And the Bretons still use traditional production techniques, no longer used in the UK, that we need to achieve a particular taste.
There is also so much French produce coming top Britain that that we are able to get very good transport rates on the lorries to take our fish over there. I imagine a number of the other companies that you mention also use the same economic advantages to remain competative.
Nick Howell, PENZANCE, CORNWALL
I Trust these off-shore employment opportunities are not a result of our " successful minimum wage policy!
Brian, Phoenix, AZ
Besides the food miles, what an amount of transportation fuel is being wasted !
With the increased prices for fuels the costs get added o the product without doubt of caourse.
If only the food miles could be minimised then there could be a lot of saving of scarce fuel also in the world.
K. P. Aiyer, Mumbai, India
This is a shame but it's also just the same as buying goods manufactured overseas. If you buy a shirt made in India or China, the materials may have been carried for 100s or 1000s of miles before being made into the shirt.
One way everybody can reduce their carbon footprint when buying food is to buy it in it's purest form as possible. This way it will have covered the least amount of miles to be ferried for processing. You'll also recieve the health benefits of ingesting less chemicals involved in production.
This just proves what i've always thought. Bernard Matthews can import meat from eastern Europe and label it as British produce after it is reshaped and breaded and anyone who feeds themselves this crap is an idiot.
Justin, Wuhan, China
The overall inpact on the enviroment is that the much needed jobs is being loss due the financial benefits to the companies concern. The labour market in these countries is short change to the gains of companies involved. The cost in terms of tranport/shipping an overland drives is not taking in account the insurance and risk in contamination of it's produce.Global determination to eliminate the labour forcesof it's own country. So most important the need to reduce the global warming due to carbon dioxide emmission in the tranport process.Fundamental protection to the masses in labour.
james yap, georgetown, malaysia
The overall inpact on the enviroment is that the much needed jobs is being loss due the financial benefits to the companies concern. The labour market in these countries is short change to the gains of companies involved. The cost in terms of tranport/shipping an overland drives is not taking in account the insurance and risk in contamination of it's produce.Global determination to eliminate the labour forcesof it's own country. So most important the need to reduce the global warming due to carbon dioxide emmission in the tranport process.Fundamental protection to the masses in labour.
james yap, georgetown/penang, malaysia
Why shouldnt employers do this? Why should we pay higher wages to English
workers when workers in China or third world countries will do it for a tenth of the price? British workers need to be realistic in their wage demands and should work for the same rates here as their Chinese and Indian counterparts if they want to continue to have jobs. It is true that UK workers willl end up much poorer in future by historical standards, but why should employers care about that? Employers need to make profits, thats the only reason we are in business. If English workers wont work for the same money as we can get it done abroard, let them try unemployment and see how they like that. What companies are doing is all perfectly legal.
Angela Simpson, Bristol, UK
The world really has gone mad. I remember hearing stories in the press years ago about coal being transported (allegedly) for hundreds of kilometres across Russia to a power station when there was a coal mine nearby. The reasons then were put down to Communist beaurocracy. This time, it's about greed, make no mistake. It might be cheaper, but in the long run, relentless outsourcing will ruin the UK economy.
Chris, London, London