Ben Webster, Transport Correspondent
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Trolleybuses are to return after an absence of 35 years in an attempt to rid cities of diesel fumes and tempt drivers out of their cars with the offer of smoother, faster journeys.
The electric buses, which draw power from overhead lines via long poles attached to the roof, are being revived as a cheap alternative to tram networks, which the Government has said are too expensive.
Trolleybuses began operating in Britain in 1911 and the last vehicles were removed from service in Bradford in 1972. They were superseded by diesel buses, which were cheaper and more reliable and could travel on any street rather than being limited to those with power lines.
But modern articulated trolleybuses, which operate in dozens of European cities such as Lyons, Milan, Rome and Athens, have either batteries or small diesel engines that enable them to operate under their own power if the lines come down or the route is blocked. In normal service, they are much quieter than diesel buses and produce no harmful emissions. Trolleybuses also have faster acceleration, going from 0-30mph in 10 seconds compared with 15 seconds for a diesel bus.
Leeds yesterday won funding for a 12.5mile (20km) trolleybus network, including a city centre loop, routes to Headingley and Stourton, and a service to new development in the east of the city. Other cities, including Sheffield, are also considering trolleybuses after the Department for Transport refused to support new tram lines or extensions to existing lines.
The Yorkshire and Humber Regional Transport Board granted £150 million for the first phase of the Leeds network, which is expected to cost a total of £300million.
The tram scheme that Leeds had originally proposed would have cost around £750 million. Trolleybuses are cheaper because they do not require tracks and there is no need to move utilities, such as water and gas pipes.
Kieran Preston, director general of Metro, the transport authority in Leeds, said that car drivers were more likely to switch to a trolleybus than a conventional bus because the overhead lines gave a sense of permanence. Bus companies can remove existing services with as little as 56 days’ notice.
“People can see the system and have confidence that it is permanent. They will be more inclined to make life-changing decisions, such as where they live and work, based on good public transport rather than access by car.
He said that 50 to 60 per cent of the route would be on dedicated lanes, meaning that the trolleybuses were less likely to get stuck in traffic. But journeys will not be quite as fast as they would have been by tram.
The Department for Transport has indicated that it will approve the Leeds scheme, which is due to open in 2011 and carry 16 million passengers a year.
Mr Preston said that 30 per cent, or almost five million of the passengers, were expected to be people who had switched from using cars.
London TravelWatch, the official passenger watchdog, said trolleybuses would be suitable for many parts of the capital, especially Oxford Street where air pollution from diesel buses is a serious problem. Trolleybuses last operated in London in 1962.

Head to head
Trolleybus
200 passengers
£700,000 cost
21m length
3.65 kilowatt-hours per km energy consumption
Diesel bendy bus
140 passengers
£200,000 cost
18m length
5.7 kilowatt-hours per km (equivalent) energy consumption
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S Baker is quite wrong. Leeds has spent enormous sums of money on roads and all it has led to is more congestion. It's a pity the tramway proposal was turned down by short-sighted Mr Darling, but the trolleybus option is a step forward.
SG, Sheffield, UK
At Last! common sense prevails, I wondered for many years why there had been no serious pro-trolleybus lobby and the answer is that compared with digging up roads for tramways trolleybuses are too cheap, there's not a lot in it for construction companies - ergo no lobbying. When it comes to trolleybuses themselves they score hands down over diesel, easier maintenance with longer service intervals, better acceleration, lighter mechanical components (motor etc) therefore less damage to the road, less vibration therefore longer body life, no energy usage at all whilst waiting at bus stops or in traffic (in daylight anyway!) and, with regenerative braking as used in Hastings as long ago as 1929 electricity is produced when the trolleybuses descended the hills! Green indeed!
Ion Castro, Hastings, East Sussex
It is interesting that the French correspondent does not mention Lyon where the large modern trolleybus system is very efficient and much liked by the residents.
Sadly his 'facts' are also not correct.
Keith B is right. Oil based buses (hybrids included) produce toxic fumes and on dense bus corridors still produce an unheallhy environment (especially for children). Britain now has a vey high child asthma rate and asthma is directly linked to diesel fumes.
Oil can of course only get much more expenisve as supply is unable to keep pace with demand and this will happen long before it runs out altogether.
Fuel Cell buses are hopelessly energy inefficient and are really only an expensive distraction.
The future of pubic transport has to be electric so that it can be sourced by non oil methods and so it produces no street fumes and minimum greenhouse emissions.
So well done Leeds! Other cities in the UK need to follow or they may well be sorry later that they did not!
Gordon Mackley, East Malling, England
When looking for a solution to move people from point A to point B, it's usually best to look at numbers. A bendy bus carrying 140 passengers with a maximum headway of a bus every 5 minutes (shall we laugh) = 1680 passengers per hour. A trolleybus on the same headway will carry 2400, long modern trams such as the 40m ones used in Dublin will carry 358 = 4296 . So if you want to carry about 4000 people per hour you'll need a tram, if it's 2000 then consider a bus or trolley bus. If it's more you'll need a metro. In practice, trams are more reliable & meet tighter headways than either buses or trolleybuses. Of course you can always ignore this, go for the cheaper option anyway, find the vehicles so packed you can't get on (try getting on a number 18 in London at peak times)... so you take your car & clog the roads causing more delays to the bus/trolley bus.
You get what you pay for; tax cuts anyone?
Leon L, London,
The commitment to electric transport made by this funding is very commendable. Trams are in their way excellent, but must run on private right of way for a good deal of their route if they are to show distinct advantages. While the proposed trolleybuses will also run partly on their own "tracks", they have all the non-polluting (at least at point of contact with the urban public) advantages of trams, longevity (compared with buses) and lower installation costs than trams.
Few people will remember the Leeds trolleybuses hich last ran in 1928, out to New Farnley and between White Cross and Burley in Wharfedale and Otley, but these were of the nature of feeder routes to tramways. Bradford's erstwhile trolleybus system was excellent, but suffered from the pro-bus lobby of the 1960's, prior to the fuel crisis of the mid-1970s. Just look to Lyon in France, where a large fleet of modern trolleybuses operates in support of a tram network, and helps to keep pollution down in the centre.
Martin Nimmo, London,
If we aspire to rid our towns and cities of fossil fuel dependant diesel buses the proven technology of the trolleybus has a lot of merit. With so many fine modern trolleybus systems across the world it is time we revisited this all electric bus here in the UK. It is a shame that London has not considered such vehciles as the backbone of their road transport scheme for the 2012 Olympics, Athens did exactly this and was able to show the world zero-emission public transport at its best.
Keith, Bournemouth, England
Whilst the bus industry keeps tinkering away at lower emmision hybrid buses - at great expense and using untested technologies that remain fossil fuel dependent - a zero emssion and proven solution has been available all the time.
It is time the UK revisited the trolleybus, not just a cheaper alternative to the tram but arguably a superior one.
Well done Leeds, where you lead I suspect many will follow.
Keith B., Bournemouth, England
We have heavy trolleybuses in france since ten- twelve years ( in Caen, Nancy , Rouen and Clermont Ferrand). Trolleybuses were promoted as a cheap alternative to tramway or light train lines, but we found from experience that the cost per passenger is practically identical ( trolleybuses, expecially guided heavy modern ones always runs at the same spot of the road, and either you are resurfacing the road all the time, or you have a very heavy duty road... who costs as much as a tram line)
Trolleybuses are better than tram or light rail only when the town has steep streets ( more than 1/15), and if you do'nt believe me, phone to the technical division of Caen or Nancy Town
O Cazier, Paris, France
How stupid are these people? Its clearly not their money they are spending and they act like spoilt children who didn't get their big toy for Chritmas so now wan't a smaller one instead. Their pricing argument is no different to me saying I wan't to commute to London by space craft and when I'm told its too expensive I then put forward flying by 747 as a "cheap" alternative - its not and its an absolute waste of public money. Leeds needs a sensible road system (not the "innovative" Loop or the Inner Ring Road both of which must have been thought up without any reference to real world), decent access from the north and some driver training so that they make some progress. The only people who will use the trolley bus are people moving from the buses - its an absolute waste of money AGAIN!
S Baker, Leeds, West Yorkshire
Excellent news. It's about time we had a little economic sense with regard to transport. These trolleybuses are the most energy-efficient vehicles you can find and they offer luxury public transit at half the cost of trams.
John James`, York,
I am in great favour of trolleys,as I travel abroad
reguarly and I,m really impressed with examples in
Salzburg as peole take public transport very seriously
out there.
David K. Myers, Sheffield, Yorks. UK.
Here is history repeating itself. Trolleybuses were environmentally friendly, had fast acceleration, and many had batteries, when they were so rashly abandoned in Britain during the 'fifties and 'sixties. Unfortunately, they simply became unfashionable, and local politicians can't stand to be unfashionable. In some countires, such as Russia, they are the standard form of urban transport. Switzerland has fourteen towns with trolleybus systems, and they are a delight to travel on. I'm glad Leeds has had the courage to put its faith in these vehicles. The car lobby will always object to such schemes, just as they did to Britain's new, and very succesful tramways.
E George, Wallington, England
I am not sure what a sense of confidence in permanence got to do with a decision how to get to and from work on a daily basis.
Do people fear that a bus service might be withdrawn by home time?
Trolley buses are slower are buses and not road trains and will not get the same number of people out of cars.
Surely it would have been better to look at more cost effective tram schemes based on lighter construction and standardisation.
From an environmental point of view they are clearly better than buses in cities though not for the neighbourhoods where the power is generated.
Philip Taylor, Pocklington, UK
If ministers won't fund tram schemes but are prepared to support trolleybuses, that's at least a step in the right direction. Many of us who can remember the trolleys of old have always maintained it was a short-sighted move to get rid of them.
But they must have the same kind of priorities on the road as trams, such as reserved lanes and traffic lights which change in their favour. It's time to make it clear that public transport is the sensible choice to get around cities and suburbs. If people wish to use street space extravagantly by driving their own cars, they must be prepared to wait their turn at junctions and pinch-points, while the trolleybus sweeps past them.
Barry, Wallington, UK