Michael Evans, Defence Editor, and Jenny Booth
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No individuals have been blamed for a series of misjudgements in which 15 sailors and marines were seized by the Iranians in the Gulf and were later freed to tell - and in two cases sell - their story to the media.
The affair, that has become known as the Iran sailor fiasco, exposed a number of serious "shortcomings" in military procedures in the Gulf that led to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard taking the 14 men and one woman hostage, according to a brief summary of a classified report by a former commandant of the Royal Marines.
Lieutenant General Sir Rob Fulton, who was asked by Des Browne, the Defence Secretary, to review what went wrong, concluded that there was "no single gross failing or individual human error".
He also said that there was no case for disciplinary action against any of the individuals involved.
Mr Browne, who made a statement to the Commons this afternoon outlining the main features of General Fulton's report without giving any specific details, for operational reasons, said that the shortcomings included liaison with other coalition partners involved in patrolling the Shatt al-Arab waterway between Iraq and Iran, assessing risk, and training, both on an individual and a collective level.
"The report identifies a need to improve some training, specific to particular tasks, including boarding," said Mr Browne. "It also recommends that in future we use specialist rather than composite teams for boarding operations."
However, Admiral Sir Jonathon Band, the First Sea Lord, said at a press conference in the Ministry of Defence that an internal investigation was now under way into individual actions taken by officers and other individuals during the incident.
He said that "administrative action" could follow. This could result in a reprimand or a black mark on an individual's military career, or even dismissal.
The internal investigation will look at the decisions taken by officers on board HMS Cornwall in sending a boarding party into the Gulf on March 23. Admiral Band appeared to indicate that there would be no disciplinary action against the 15 sailors and marines who, he said, acted entirely within their rules of engagement.
Mr Browne also revealed the results of a second review, this one into the handling of the media following the release of the 15 sailors and marines.
The review, carried out by Tony Hall, chief executive of the Royal Opera House and a former BBC director of news and current affairs, was published in full. It also concluded that no single individual was to blame for allowing two of the boarding party - Leading Seaman Faye Turney, the only woman, and Operator Maintainer Arthur Batchelor, the youngest member of the group - to sell their stories to the media.
Mr Hall discovered that no-one appeared to be in charge of making the decision about the media handling, and he recommended that members of the Armed Forces should never again to be allowed to make money out of their stories by talking to the media.
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Britain is doomed.
Your military is demonstrably ineffective and irrelevant. Your people have no belief in their own culture or history. The British now demonstrate nothing but self-loathing. This is the real reason for the RN giving up with nothing but a whimper in this case.
Your small nation is overpopulated with immigrants, many of whom hate you. When the next international emergency happens, Britain will simply collapse. A once great nation has become a self-loathing, pathetic hollow shell.
CaptainReality, Adelaide, Australia
It is hard to compare the Australian heroic response to overwhelming numbers with the apparently cowardly surrender of the British sailors. We cannot judge as we don't know what we would do in the same situation. One led to the distinguished service medal, the other a public story sold to the press of craven crying and general wetting of pants. A sad and sorry end to a great navel tradition. But we can't compare the two situations as the Australians were better led and were able to reboard the foreign vessel they had just left and had time to cock their guns. The British only had time to surrender and apologise. It even sickens an Australian to see the British navy on it knees to a few blow up boats. Get rid of the young cowards; you have too many brave men and women in your forces to allow such an embarrasment.
Peter, Brisbane,
What is the difference between training for Australian sailors and British sailors? Placed in similar situations (eg illegal attempt at kidnap by Iran), Australians responded by assuming a defensive position, turned their guns on the Iranians and "commenced dialogue" ie an aggressive tirade telling them to back down - which was successful, with no gunfire resulting. British sailors appeared to give up and went meekly with their captors. Mayhap this may explain why Australia has had no casulties in firefights during the 4 or so years we have been in Iraq - Britain you could learn something from Aussies afterall!
Kris Stone-Tolcher, Brisbane, Australia
What a suprise - another official investigation that finds no-one is responsible for what happened. If the commanders of the UK's armed forces and their political masters are not responsible for the actions of troops in the field who exactly is??? The idea that Des Browne should bear no blame for the troops publishing their highly embarrassing accounts of the fiasco is nonsense. It is another example of a dishonest politician seeking to absolve themself of the consequences of their actions.
John, Beijing,
The officer in charge of this group should have uttered two words, "Open fire".
Robert Wright, St. Charles, USA
The Royal Navy is respected because of its efficiency and operational discipline. Partly this is because errors have always been sanctioned by its line of command. This is an essential element in retaining the morale of the serving men and women. They need the assurance that their officers are responsible and competent. The report of General Fulton cannot be the end of the matter. It is now for the Navy to make its own investigation and decide whether disciplinary action is justified. A court martial of the commander of Cornwall would clear the air as he did with his helicopter.
stephen Bull, fontes, france
Paul from Rochester - have you ever been in a situation where there are a couple of heavy machine guns, a rocket launcher and several rifles pointed at you, with no back up, knowing that the slightest wrong move on your part will get you and your friends blown to pieces for no good reason? No? Well, neither have I - but I'd like to think that if I was I'd have enough common sense to live to fight another day, rather than waste my life and those of my comrades in some ridiculous bid to be a dead hero. There clearly were failures during this operation, but it seems like the marines and sailors in the boarding party did exactly the right thing. Settle back in to your arm chair and let the people who are actually out there do their job.
Bukowski, Dubai, UAE
What a suprise - another official investigation that finds no-one is responsible for what was a fiasco from start to finish. How is it possible for nobody to be responsible in an organisation that defines itself by its clear chain of command.
John, Beijing,
And I thought the buck stopped with the Minister in charge. Not with nu labour it seems
John, Essex, UK
Why does this whole incident leave me profoundly concerned about the quality of some of the officers and other ranks serving on board HM ships? There is nothing but failure after failure - all at a personnel level.
If the British public could only hear the snickering that goes on aboard foreign warships when an RN vessel now enters port I doubt whether many would feel terribly proud of what has happened.
Michael, Berkhamsted,
Yeah OK but if something heroic happened the skipper would have got a medal.
Dave Madley, Poole, UK
Good. That's the end of that. Let the Royal Navy learn the lessons from this story and get back to doing what their good at. And let's hope the parents and friends of these fifteen also stay silent.
Lester May, London, UK
These personnel should at least have been tried by Courts Martial for cowardice. The British public deserved that and the case would have been able to set a precedent, one way or another. As it is, no one has learnt anything and the young people in our Armed Forces still have no idea of when they need to fight. The current opinion seems to be surrender as soon as possible and live to make money by selling your story. They are a disgrace to every serviceman who has ever fought for England.
Paul, Rochester, UK
With regard to the significance of the international situation surrounding the Iranian hostages, it is quite astounding that no individual is to blame for the operational failures that took place. The point was clearly made by Iain Duncan Smith today in the Commons if there is a chain of command, there must lie, at some individuals doorstep, a burden of responsibility. It is the absence of such a chain, as perceived, that ultimately discredits the RN, as opposed to how the matter was handled with regard to boarding and training procedures. Regarding the media, they can by grossly insensitive and inaccurate about portraying how events take place. They should have national security considerations in mind when reporting. By no means should the captives be opportunists and be able to sell their story for profit if indeed this was allowed by senior Navy officers, the Defence Secretary should have vetoed the decision. Lets hope that the MoD report sheds some more light on such matters.
Marcin Roth, London, UK
Very interesting that there are no comments on this subject - as yet, possibly as it was late news after the day's edition. This case is symptomatic of the degeneration of HM Forces. Nothing particularly to do with this government as such, but the result of a long term decline that started even before the "peace dividend" after the end of the Cold War, and the "options for change".
Senior commanders will never admit it, because they never do, but there is a decline in morale across the Services. Lack of resources, lack of higher leadership, and the sense that nobody cares anymore is having a profound affect on all Servicemen directly, or indirectly. Until all officers, and, in particular, senior officers, wake up, and stand up to their responsibilities instead of cow towing to protect their careers, position, and pension the decline will continue, and perhaps accelerate. It is no coincidence that AWOL rates are at an all time high.
Jim D, Norwich, UK
In his report, Mr Hall said: "This was a collective failure of judgment or an abstention from judgment, rather than a failure of judgment by any one individual."
I always thought that the Navy had a chain of command! And I imagine that Nelson thought so too! In those days anyway some individual somewhere -not 'collective judgements'- was always responsible and compelled to take decisions. Not a whitewash ?.
Robert Sebag-Montefiore, Geneva, Switzerland