Michael Evans, Defence Editor
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times
At the start of the 19th century there were roughly 2,000 miles separating expansionist Tsarist Russia from India, the jewel in Britain’s empire.
This land, much of which was unmapped, became the setting for “The Great Game”, one of the largest strategic battles in the history of colonialism, albeit one that never developed into full-scale warfare.
The supposed threat of a Russian invasion of India through Afghanistan persuaded the British to launch the first ill-fated Anglo-Afghan war in 1838 to impose a puppet regime.
The campaign failed and four years later a column of 16,000 British soldiers and camp followers was massacred as they tried to withdraw. The British settled for trying to use the land as a buffer zone against Russian imperialist expansion.
The Second Afghan War (1878-80) was not much more successful. A British invasion managed to put another helpful ruler in power but he abdicated after a rebellion and the British were forced out. Before, after and in between the conflicts Britain and Russia engaged in diplomatic intrigue and espionage as they sought to second-guess and outwit the other. The term “Great Game” was popularised by Rudyard Kipling in his novel Kim.
Afghanistan continued to be fought over, culminating in the invasion by Soviet forces in 1979. The Taleban arose from the ashes of these battles.
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Happily, India need not worry over such nonsense any longer. In future the barbarians to their north will be acting as supplicants before representatives of this great civilisation.
Maynard, Oxford, UK
With all that muddling , who blame those who point to western interferenc in the region ?
Mohamed Ahmed, London, UK
As an Indian, living in USA, thus not quite brainwashed by history same way as many britons, i would say this piece , ' great game ', is yet another example of Briton eurocentric hubris, U purport to put AfghanIndian history in perspective with some objective facts. Churchill, once said, that history will say good things about england, because he intended to write it. Apiece of same arrogance filters thru when u try to make us believe that vast central asia's history is nothing but a set of strategic chess steps of european; i.e. " expansionist czar " ( Ha! ) and brits the good guys. You totally ignored Nadir Shah, Ahmed Shah went on rampage (1730's -60s) in the face of east india comp and other indian rulers. The untold massacre and mayhem left a chill along the spine of all people. Since then, Britons (or any ruler of india) could never feel secure without proactively addressing the "afghan problem" . Two afghan wars were primarily motivated by this over encompassing fear.
suresh , Nashville, TN. , USA.
Why oh why do our politicians never,ever learn.Each generation of them think that they know all the answers and time and time again,history proves them wrong.We seem to be doomed to follow the same foolhardy paths of previous generations.I despair at the folly of these imbeciles.
Josh Martin, Oxford, Great Britain