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They are an identical species, but while one is lean and incredibly fit, the SAS of the fish world, the other is an obese, idle creature, a couch potato with fins. When the two interbreed, the results can be a genetic disaster.
Such a disaster looms, according to experts, after the escape of more than 100,000 farmed Atlantic salmon over the past six months on the West Coast.
In the latest incident, at the end of last week, 30,000 maturing 2.5kg (5.5lb) fish escaped from their cage in West Loch Roag, off the coast of Lewis, after a seal attack.
The escape, which was detected four days ago, comes at a time when wild salmon are approaching the rivers to spawn, meaning that there could be intermingling and genetic dilution of the wild fish. These are extremely fit creatures, swimming thousands of miles across oceans, then battling their way upstream.
If they spawn with the flabby, cage-reared fish, it is claimed that the offspring can be genetically weak and the wild salmon population, which is recovering after some very bad years, could be threatened.
The Association of Salmon Fishery Boards and the Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland are now preparing a formal complaint to the European Commission.
They say that the latest escape occurred next to the Langavat Special Area of Conservation, and close to the mouth of the Grimestra salmon river. The area is described in the EU Habitats Directive as “the best salmon system in the Western Isles”.
Andrew Wallace, of the association, said: “This could not have happened at a worse time for us, or in a worse place. The escape comes at the end of a long summer of discontent on the escapes front.”
There have now been four escapes from fish farms in the Western Isles within the past six months. The first was in March, when 18,500 fish escaped in East Loch Tarbert, off Harris, as a result of equipment failure. It is believed that a cage sank and another 25,000 fish died.
In May, 52,000 fish escaped near Lochportain, on North Uist, through a hole in a net; and in July more than 1,000 escaped from West Loch Roag.
Mr Wallace said: “How sophisticated multinational companies can afford to lose such valuable stock and continue to play Russian roulette with wild stocks is beyond comprehension. This is the fourth escape from salmon farms in the Western Isles since May and the sheer numbers involved – this latest escape being over 30 per cent of the entire Scottish rod catch – means that these incidents must be viewed with utmost seriousness.”
Roger Brook, of the Rivers and Fisheries Trusts, said: “At a time when the Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation has a stated intent to increase production in Scotland its members have once again shown themselves to be incapable of containing their livestock.
“This latest release is being blamed on seals, but it is the responsibility of the fish farmers to make their containment systems capable of resisting the native wildlife. It is equally their responsibility to ensure their equipment can resist the weather and conditions that are experienced off the coasts of Scotland. These continual releases of farmed fish lead me to the conclusion that all aquaculture should be brought ashore.”
The escape marks the low point in a relationship which has always been uneasy. The salmon farming industry is an important part of the Scottish economy, supporting 8,500 jobs in remote areas. Scotland is the third largest salmon producer in the world, with approximately a 10 per cent global market share, and the industry puts more than £197 million into the economy every year.
But for the salmon fishing industry, itself worth £113 million a year and the employer of 2,800 people, such success can come at too high a price. The wild salmon population is much smaller than it used to be, but is on an upward trajectory.
Sid Patten, the chief executive of the Scottish Salmon Producers’ Organisation, said: “The industry regrets all breaches of containment and we would like to reassure wild fishery interests that effective containment remains a priority.”

Scale of the problem
Wild Atlantic salmon are lean and incredibly fit, having swum thousands of miles across the ocean
— They have the drive and energy to battle upstream and spawn
— In genetic terms, they represent the survival of the fittest
— Estimated population: 3.5 million, half what it was 30 years ago
Farmed Atlantic salmon are the same length as the wild fish, but much heavier, flabbier, rounder and more heavily spotted
— They are farmed selectively to get fat
— They are not adapted to the wild and their fins are worn from being in a cage
— 70 million smolts have been put into sea cages in past two years
Source: Times database
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The depth of ignorance here is astonishing. Some of the comments on this list are incredibly misinformed . Escaped farmed fish actually disrupt the migration of the wild fish, disturbing their route to the spawning reds. They also increase the quantity of parasites and disease in the water, thereby damaging the wild stocks of returning salmon. Fish farming, and moreover the neglect and abuse of the marine life globally, is one of the great tragedies of our era.
LVC, scotland, UK
Fitness in evolutionary terms does not directly relate to physical fitness. Instead it relates to the ability of a species to survive and reproduce. I don't think that it can be argued that the farmed fish lack fitness as they seem to be quite good at surviving and breeding in an artificial evironment, although they may lack genetic diversity through inbreeding. In the wild though it may be a different matter given the extreme physical efforts required for salmon reproduction.
Dale Collins, Gosport, UK
I wouldn't think it possible for anyone to bring religion into an article about some salmon escaping from Alcatraz.
But surprise, surprise - somebody manages to! Thanks citymuslim for giving us all a laugh!
Victoria, London, UK
I think...these's lazy, fat salmon are gonna "man up" to this situation. Like, their gonna know that there lives are in danger when they get hungry and cant find a place to spawn..so they'll have no chioce but to swim. Swim will burn fat and produce muscle. Mucles means they get bigger, faster and stronger.So maybe there will not be a down fall this situation.
Angus McCrady, Beardmore, Canada
"Couch potato with fins".
Seems that as the Government is determined to allow G.M food production in the U.K. we WILL shortly have Potatoes with fins, when these get loose in the vegetable patch the results could be mind boggling.
Simon, Leeds, U.K.
So according to this logic those of us humans who carry a little extra weight and don't exercise too much needn't even bother trying as it's genetic. All along I thought it was from eating too much - well now I can just carry on if there's no fixing it!!
Honestly some people are never happy unless they are unhappy and being negative - Go the Salmon hope they have a better life than swimming round and round a cage for their short ,fat lives!!
Ami, blandford,
Having fished all my life for trout and salmon
This is surely a good day for salmon as normally fishing clubs have to buy young salmon and trout from fish farms,,now we have them free of cost,, and bigger salmon at that
Nature is wonderful it will be survival of the fittest and some will live on to become breading salmon in our rivers.
I assume to say the dolphins and seals will soon sort out any slow fish, so something will at all times benefit
Nicholas Iles, Oswestry, United Kingdom
No Killick, humanity are not animals and nor should the application of such aggressive pseudo theories be unqualifiedly prropagated - because we have the have the ability and wisdom to know better. Human life has a worth, at least enough that God brought us into existence from nothing not just to join the rat-race or to be caricatured as lesser or more in the 'survival of the fittest'. How many wars and deaths and how much blood has been rendered permissible by viewing others as inferior and a threat to your breed?
CityMuslim, London, UK
what? - we are farmed and fattened in cages while are free brothers and sisters live hard but healthy lives.
eugenics is disgusting - shame on you
chris, liverpool, uk
sorry but you are missing the point , wild fish return to the spot where they were born , normally to within half a mile of that spot , this is what makes the salmon an amazing species , if you start to mix those genes with farmed fish then that is no longer the case , the fish do not breed succesfully, and thus the numbers start to dwindle , to put the case in simpler terms , imagine if a farmer allowed 30,000 cattle to escape and did nothing about it , there would be uproar , just because they are in the sea and you cant see them doesnt mean it is of lesser importance
nick warren, bristol, uk
If the fish have to battle their way upstream in order to spawn then there is little danger from the flabby, thin-finned escapees. The few that perchance make it against all the odds and procreate will not produce offspring that survives the year in the wild, given the physical differences between the two strains.
Roswhita, London,
If these fat lazy salmon are so badly suited to the environment is it likely they will survive long enough to breed or be able to make it upriver to spawn?
James, Taunton, UK
From the description of these fat, lazy, worn-finned farmed fish, one might be surprised that any could make to the spawning grounds.
Furthermore, will they know where to go? Perhaps, like many males, they'll just (try to) follow the girls, of course.
Steven, Edinburgh, UK
I know as much about genetics as the next man (i.e. nothing) but, even if they don't get to swim thousands of miles, will the actual genetic makeup of factory-farmed salmon change?
Chris Jackson, London,
If it is so 'disasterous' that 'farmed' salmon on their release from cages may (will) mate and produce "genetically weak" ofspring, thus threatening the (natural) wild salmon species........would anyone mind telling exactly what we are eating when we eat salmon? Mostly, the farmed 'inferior' variety no doubt, genetically tampered with to produce more flesh pound per pound and thus more profit -
So who's going to hold their hands up to 'genetic tampering with, and thus threatening, a natural species for profit' ? And on top of this, they expect people to eat the ones they've tampered with. Yuck!
Tarni, London, UK
Let me see if I understand this.
Salmon must swim vigorously upstream against swift currents in order to breed. How many weak, flabby farm fish will succeed in that journey? And if they do, it strikes me that they have the right stuff to be wild fish, and will produce suitably vigorous wild offspring.
So what am I missing that makes this prison break on the part of the fish such a problem?
Ben Hoff, New Jersey, USA
Interesting that some of the people responsible for the original decline of wild salmon stocks (the fisheries sector) are the very people trying to aportion blame to the one industry trying to reduce the pressure on wild salmon stocks. Surely there should be more co-ordinated action and less finger pointing (and more education).
Dan Fairweather, London, UK
A good metaphor for humanity. If you thought eugenics was a dubious creed, think again.
Killick, Belize City, Belize