David Lister, Scotland Correspondent
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For a “lost” species that has not lived in the wild in Britain for 3,000 years, Hercules and Hulda were doing pretty well yesterday.
With the exception of the mud, and the interminable Scottish rain, they appeared to be adjusting quickly to their new home on a boggy hillside in the Highlands. “They’re already using the shelter we built for them,” said Hugh Fullerton-Smith, general manager of Alladale Estate and Wildlife Reserve in Sutherland, who flew them over from Sweden a week ago. “We think they’re going to do just fine.”
The two European elk – known as moose in North America – may look comical but they are part of a deeply serious project to build the first wilderness reserve in Northern Europe. Paul “the Wolfman” Lister, multimillionaire son of a retail entrepreneur, also hopes to bring back wolves to Britain along with other long-lost carnivores, including brown bear and lynx.
The wild animals would ultimately take over 50,000 acres of restored pine and birch forests. Scotland. Initially, the elk will be let loose in a 450-acre (180ha) enclosure. Their interaction with 15 wild boar and about a dozen roe and red deer will be closely monitored by zoologists from the University of Oxford.
During the flight, the two elk – one bull and one cow – were kept in the hold section at the back of the 18-seater aircraft, but occasionally poked their heads into the cabin to see what was going on. They were born within weeks of each other in May, and are expected to mate within two years. By the time they are fully grown they will be 8ft (2.5m) tall and weigh up to three quarters of a tonne.
“Every animal we bring back is a piece of the jigsaw – the bigger picture is the carnivores and that takes time,” Mr Lister, 48, said yesterday.
“I’d like to think that we could have the wolves within the next five years. These carnivores don’t need the vegetation and the tree cover that takes so long to grow. If we were to have a 250sq km area now, the wolves would survive in there beautifully.”
Although his estate already has 23,000 acres, Mr Lister needs an area more than double that to sustain two packs of wolves – up to 15 animals – three pairs of lynx and up to 30 brown bears.
He hopes to enlist the support of some of his neighbours, who include farmers worried that wolves will devour their livestock. The reserve is to be enclosed by the longest electrified fence in Britain, measuring 3m (9ft) high. He hopes to attract up to 30,000 visitors a year, who would tour the park in Land Rovers or on horseback.
Rather than buying the surrounding land, Mr Lister’s preferred option is to find neighbours willing to go into partnership with him. He said: “It’s really going to be in the hands of the community as to whether or not this is going to happen.”
Although a dangerous wild animals licence is needed for the wolves, one of the biggest obstacles is likely to be winning over his critics, including the Ramblers’ Association, who would have to agree to a change in their access rights to the land.
The lost species
Wolf Last in Britain shot in 1743
Lynx Remains, dating from 7th century, found in Yorkshire
Brown bear Survived in Britain until Roman times
Wild boar Disappeared in the 18th century but already reestablished in some parts of the country after escapes from captivity
Beaver Thought to have survived in wild until about the 13th century. Some live on private estates
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On reading this story and watching then programme Mr.Lister is doind something realy great for our country and people are refusing to let this happen which is very sad but I really do think he will get there good on you keep up the great work Mr.Lister.
grant, Edinburgh, Scotland
I am 20 and currently studying for a biology degree and it's people like Mr Lister who give me inspiration. If only I was a wealthy man and not a poor student, I would certainly invest in his idea. It's an amazing vision and I will certainly be following it's development.
Steven, Nottingham, England
Well done Mr. Lister, despite been wealthy, he has the courage and bottle to do it! Most rich and famous are just so selfe centered, they forget what exists around them.
If we are not doing something to reinstate our nature, more and more species will die out and in the end that will be the human down fall! Nature is already well out of balance, thanks to us human beings and we should have learned by now from our mistakes. Lets stop being so narrow minded and help to reinstated what we already have destroyed in the past and help this people instead of worrying not having everywhere the right of way to walk, or the" Allright Jacks" can not have their hunting and shooting games.
My admiration to Paul Lister and I will watch his progress with great interest !
Lutz Kunstler, High Luckens, Cumbria
Lutz Kunstler, Ash Trees, High Luckens,Rowelt, Cumbria, England
It's fantastic. Having worked closely with wolves myself I'm so glad to finally hear someone speaking sense about the species! Provided the park is well contained I hope it will work, the last thing that wolves (and any endangered species) needs is to come into contact with humans and to be culled on the grounds that they are a nuisance.
I am 100% behind the project and only wish I were able to contribute myself!
Best of luck to Mr Lister and I will certainly be champing at the bit to get up there and see the new arrivals of Moose not to mention the wolves in years to come!
Amy, Kent,
I think it is a wonderful idea and Paul Lister should be given every encouragement to proceed with his plan. As others have said it is not the animals that have upset the balance, it is man with his greed, they only take what they need, we take what we need and more, and more, and more, regardless of what is happening to others!
Jill, Crawley, England
I think what Paul Lister is doing is one of the most ambitious, exciting Projects to happen in Britain.
To restore our ancient species back into the Countryside has just got to be Morally the right thing to do, with sentitive and proper Management.
People complain about the fences arround the Estate, but this is a Pilot Project that has never been done in this Country before. Safety must come first. The fences are not designed to keep people out, but to control the natural movements of the animals within.
The Highlands of Scotland are essentialy vast tracts of empty spaces, save for the Hunting Estates. Centuries of change have denuded what was once a rich and variable landscape.
Time for a rethink?
I think this Project not only is a Good way to create jobs, but is also a way to bring a certain prosperity back to Scotland.
Can't be bad.
Alan McMillan, Newcastle under Lyme, Staffordshire
I think what Paul Lister is doing is one of the most ambitious, exciting Projects to happen in Britain.
To restore our ancient species back into the Countryside has just got to be Morally the right thing to do, with sentitive and proper Management.
People complain about the fences arround the Estate, but this is a Pilot Project that has never been done in this Country before. Safety must come first. The fences are not designed to keep people out, but to control the natural movements of the animals within.
The Highlands of Scotland are essentialy vast tracts of empty spaces, save for the Hunting Estates. Centuries of change have denuded what was once a rich and variable landscape.
Time for a rethink?
I think this Project is not only is a Good way to create jobs, but it is also a Good way to bring a certain prosperity back to Scotland.
Can't be bad.
Alan McMillan, Newcastle under Lyme, Staffordshire
Yes there was a species of lion in Britain, it was a larger cat than the modern species and totally unique to Europe. It was wiped out by the Romans. Then we lost our lynx, bobcat, at least two species of bear, wolf ( 2 species) , beaver, bison, elk, and thats just the mammals.A swathe of bird species,
( red kite ,osprey, white tailed eagle, bustard, ruff etc,etc, etc) hosts of insects such as the large blue, black-veined White , flame Brocade - all Butterfly,s, all ours, all extinct - and legions of other Bitish Island wildlife have vanished.
A few species have been reintroduced but most have been lost forever. Your children will never see most of them or have the thrill of discovering them in the wild. Their lives will be all the poorer for that fact. Is it not time for us to not just halt the loss but also to reverse it. It might mean commitment and maybe sacrifices but most of all it needs for us to have simply the will.
M F Middleton, Derby, Derbyshire
This is wonderful news. Why shouldnt this land be given back to the wildlife? It was theirs in the beginning until the greed of man took over, yet again. There are plenty of NP in Africa surrounded by fencing and its a beautiful haven for wildlife so why cant we do it here in Britain. As for ramblers, stop moaning, its a relatively small area, you have the whole of Scotland to go at. 100% behind this project.
Deb Pollard, Worcestershire, UK
I think this is a great idea
It is very bold and although i understand the right to roam, i can't understand peoples objection to restoring what we destroyed.
We put so much emphasis on human rights and this seems to take away any responsibility for our actions from the past.
surely it is our responsibilty to rectify our mistakes as well as to having the right to control our future
surely in the grand scheme of Scotland this is a very small area.
clive kidd, saffron walden, essex
Feel much the same as Angus Patterson. It's not the proper animals that have destroyed 'our' world but ourselves. It would be interesting to see how many homo sapiens would fare if left in the wild as nature intended
Andy Logie, Dingwall,
surely anyone attempting a project as this should be given all the encouragement in the world and not opposed by those with thier own agenda they are protecting, why should animals not have the right to return, bring it on I say.
Bob Jellie, Newtownards, N Ireland
The european subspecies of the lion has long been extinct. It was able to cope with a colder climate than the remaining lions in Africa, or the 300 left in the Gir forest in India, neither of which really originate from europe. It would be like 'reintroducing' canadian beavers if there were no european beaver left; I'm sure some would survive, but it's not quite the same.
Russel, london,
Neil Graham is totally missing the point... These animals were native here long before we were.... In the end we were the animals that attacked them; And is not global warming one sign that it is humans that are 'upsetting the balance', not elk or wolves.... Whilst I understand that he is no longer 'native' to the UK, I cannot help but wonder if the remaining homo sapiens are the species best kept behind an electric fence...
Angus Patterson, Norwich, UK
"The first wilderness reserve in Northern Europe" - Oh dear, Englishmen and geography ..... I wonder where Sweden is ?
In Bongo-Bongo ?
C Lofstedt, Stockholm, Sweden
I believe that lions were at one time native to Britain. It would be interesting to know whether there are any plans to restore them to any of their their original British habitat.
Andrew, Abegrdeen, Hong Kong
I think this is a fantastic idea. To have an area of what Britain would have looked like before the urbanisation of the Roman period would be an interesting contrast to the other forms of activity currently available in Britain
John Raymond, Manchester,
OK. I can go with Elk, but come on! What do we want the others for? They will attack people, cause much destruction and upset the balance, thereby hitting many species of animal native to the UK.
Neil Graham, Mula, Murcia, Spain