Michael Evans, Defence Editor
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British soldiers serving in Iraq who mistreated civilian prisoners — using restraining techniques banned for more than 30 years — were ill prepared and poorly trained for the violent insurgency that erupted in the early summer of 2003, a long-awaited report by a senior army officer has concluded.
Brigadier Robert Aitken, director of Army Personnel Strategy, said that a number of soldiers had behaved disgracefully and treated Iraqi detainees “in a deliberate and callous manner”.
But the abuse was not symptomatic of a general breakdown in discipline in the Army, he added. The vast majority of soldiers and officers had conducted themselves honourably and professionally.
In the worst abuse case, Baha Musa, a 26-year-old hotel receptionist, died after suffering 93 injuries while being held in detention for 36 hours by soldiers from the Queen’s Lancashire Regiment. Eight other Iraqis suffered “varying degrees of abuse”.
A further inquiry into this case, after the acquittal of six of the seven soldiers charged with offences connected with Mr Musa’s death, was promised yesterday by General Sir Richard Dannatt, the Chief of the General Staff. He raised the possibility that “further individuals” might face administrative action that could lead to dismissal.
“This case is not closed and I am not satisfied or comfortable that there are people potentially who have done wrong things \ that they think they have got away with it — I am afraid that is not the case,” General Dannatt said, in a statement at the Ministry of Defence. While acknowledging that the actions of the “tiny” number of soldiers involved in abusing Iraqi civilians had undermined “the entire Army’s” reputation, Brigadier Aitken pointed the finger of blame higher up the chain of command for what happened over a period of months in 2003 and early 2004.
Commissioned in 2005 by General Sir Mike Jackson, then Chief of the General Staff, to discover whether acts of abuse were an endemic part of prisoner-handling in that period, Brigadier Aitken said that the ban on five interrogation techniques imposed in 1972 — hooding, sleep deprivation, subjection to noise, wall-standing in a stress position and withholding of food and drink — appeared to have been forgotten.
Mr Musa and the eight other Iraqi detainees were double-hooded with hessian sacks, forced to stand with their knees bent and arms outstretched, and deprived of sleep.
“Determining exactly how and when specific direction in 1972 [by Edward Heath, then the Prime Minister, after abuse allegations against IRA prisoners in Northern Ireland] came to be lost in 2003 would have to be a matter for separate investigation,” Brigadier Aitken said. The five techniques had now been proscribed formally for all prisoner handling and interrogation.
Colonel Daoud Musa, the father of Baha Musa, denounced the report’s main finding that only a small number of individual soldiers were to blame for the abuse. “As a senior officer in the Iraqi Army, I am clear that these terrible actions could not have taken place without support from senior officers within the British Army. They either knew, or ought to have known, what was happening . . . I hold them to account for what happened to my son,” he said.
Although Brigadier Aitken emphasised in his report — An investigation into cases of deliberate abuse and unlawful killing in Iraq 2003 and 2004 — that measures had been taken to redress the weaknesses he had uncovered, he said those responsible for preparing troops for Iraq seemed to have a “lack of awareness of the operational context” of the campaign.
Measures to ensure abuse cases never reoccur include an order that detainees can be handcuffed only in front of the body. Brigadier Aitken said that some soldiers and commanders had failed to live up to the Army’s core values of selfless commitment, courage, discipline, integrity, loyalty and respect for others. “Courage includes having the moral courage to challenge unacceptable behaviour whenever it is encountered,” he said.
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"Iraqis planting IEDS and shooting RPG's and other weapons 'must be taught right from wrong', inquiry says."
Dont see this said much do we ??
Hows about leaving the Men and Women that fight and have to put up with indescribeable hardships alone. !!!!
Dave, Lincoln,
Our soldiers are fighting literally for their own lives and that of commarades in a hostile country, who are we, sitting comfortable in our own homes to pass judgement on their actions? The Iraq war, whether right or wrong is still taking place and instead of supporting them we demoralise our own forces by berating their actions, meanwhile our troops are being killed without thought for any 'fair-play' rules of engagement. War is not a game.
Les, Southport, England ( a country, not a state!)
Yes, B. J. Deller of Spain, I did serve in the military - for 21 years and have both the Aden and Borneo campaign medals to prove it. I also saw shameful acts by fellow servicemen in Aden - where we were occupying a foreign country against the wishes of the population. Obviously a lot of people still think the British Empire, and the world where Britain could throw its weight around at will, still exists. Clearly they still haven't learned the lessons of history.
Neil, Cheltenham, England
So many cut backs and stretching the troops to the limit, they have not got any they can spare for training.
If you are in a war situation you trust nobody,.even the most innocent looking could have a bomb.
Mike, cyprus,
I'll bet that most commenters here have never served in the military as I did for 13 years, in the RAF where in Aden in the 1960s we had two years of terrorists who blew up children as well as women by leaving pencils or Mickey Mouse school satchels in the streets so that when they were picked, they exploded. Plus all the usual other terrorist tricks.
Once the military has secured an area or even a country, it is up to the civil side to handle the arrests and jailing of prisoners aided by the military as policemen are trained to use restraint. If your best friend has been shot at by a terrorist or blown up by a deranged suicide bomber, as a soldier trained to kill and fight it is very difficult for them to stay restrained. Remember, it was not too long ago that when an army won a battle, they slaughtered all the men without exception and captured the women and children as slaves. The mentality of many Third World countries is still like that
B J Deller, Marbella, Spain
Nick Mortimer
are you saying that if the troops had better weapons they would treat the Iraqies nicer, seems to me to be a cop out. Maybe if they have better guns etc: nobody would be left alive to complain.
waine UK, merseyside, UK
Nothing a little jail time, and more discipline can't fix
Bryan, Houston, USA
Don't most of us know right from wrong? These men are adults aren't they? The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were based on lies and dishonesty, is it any wonder we have ordinary soldiers acting unlawfully?
Neil, Cheltenham, England
Servicemen have to be trained to act like nancies, not like real men who are trained to kill.
We have already seen examples of what can be done when a so-called sailor nicknamed Mr.Bean was captured by the Iranians and cried.
P.Nobleza, Houston, USA
Are we saying that civillians in Ireland where treated badly, because the troops didn't know what to do, after 30 yrs of trouble, it defies beleif. No the real problem is Iraqies don't count in the eyes of the occupying forces, as is obvious by the slaughter of thousands of civillians in that blighted country,
looking for excuses for the behaviour of the troops dosen't wash, they are guilty of war crimes just like Hitlers mob.Maybe they have been taking lessons from the Israelies, the experts in crimes against humanity.
waine UK, merseyside, UK
Shame. To kill any man--prisoner of war--let's call it--by toruring him, seeing he has a wife and family, is a shame on us. We deserve the fight we are getting. These soldiers are murderers, and I'm not proud of the, nor do I have to be.
Kris Cole, Austin, TX
You can't train for ' violent insurgency', you learn on the job. It's called combat. This report was commissioned at the behest of politicians, none of whom has seen action. Frankly, I don't care if the British army has made mistakes; but I do care that five years after the Iraq war began British troops still don't have the equipment they have repeatedly asked for. Commission a report about that, or are you too ashamed, Mr Brown, M.O.D and the spineless top brass?
Nick Mortimer, Toulouse, France
Hang on a minute, this government has frozen defence spending for the first 5 years of their term in office, so i hardly think blaming soldiers for their decision to send them to war ill prepared is their fault??
Jake Irwin, UK,
It appears that the cover up continues. A man dies in an extremely barbaric way, in British army custody, and nobody seems to have inflicted any of the 93 injuries that this poor man sustained.
To talk about teaching soldiers right from wrong seems to be very wide of the mark of the sort of education that is required to stop these people behaving like 'bloody animals.'
David Dee, Canterbury,
Where is the call on the 'army community' to come forwrd with info. on who was responsible for Mr Baha's death/the other abuse. They are shielding abusers. Also if there is the excuse of a majority of the army being good, that non-stigmatising approach should apply to others who are currently demonised.
Keyf, Brockley,
Nothing a stint in jail won't solve.
Tim, Toronto, Canada
Perhaps, as the government sent the troops to war on a false premise, our esteemed MPs and Cabinet Ministers should be taught the difference between truth and untruth first.
Sandra, Galway, Ireland