Patrick Foster
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For nearly 100 years his name has been a byword for murder most foul, but Hawley Crippen, the infamous doctor hanged for poisoning and dismembering his British wife, may have been innocent, new research suggests.
Dr Crippen fled Britain in 1910 after the death of his wife, Cora. The mild-mannered American was captured after he was recognised by the captain of the ship on which he and his mistress were fleeing across the Atlantic.
But yesterday a team of American scientists who compared mitochondrial DNA from the corpse that was claimed to be Mrs Crippen with that of her living relatives said that the dismembered body was not her.
After a seven-year search the team, led by John Trestrail, head of the regional poison centre in Grand Rapids, Michigan, located several female descendants of Mrs Crippen, with whom they compared the genetic material.
“That body was not Cora Crippen’s,” said David Foran, a forensic biologist at Michigan State University. “We don’t know who that body was or how it got there.”
The body was found under the Crippens’ London home, with no head, no bones and no genitals. A tissue sample was kept on a slide in the archives of the Royal London Hospital.
Crippen was convicted of poisoning his wife and burying her body, slaked in lime, in the cellar of their house. He and his mistress, Ethel Le Neve, were charged on a warrant “that they did, at 39 Hilldrop Crescent, feloniously and wilfully, of their malice aforethought, kill and murder one Cora Crippen, otherwise Belle Elmore.”
Crippen and Le Neve fled the country on the SS Montrose, a transatlantic ship, only to be arrested as it entered Canadian waters. The captain had recognised the doctor from newspapers and had become suspicious of Le Neve, who had disguised herself as a boy, and he famously used the newly-invented wireless telegraph to alert the British police.
Newspapers at the time, reacting to public revulsion at such a grisly killing, described Crippen as “one of the most dangerous and remarkable men who have lived this century”.
Dr Trestrail, a expert on poisoning whose books are used by detectives across the world, said that the fact that Cora Crippen’s body had been badly mutilated suggested that she had not been poisoned.
“The thing about the Crippen case is the mutilation, which is contradictory to what poisoners do,” he said. “They want a ‘natural death’ certificate, and to walk away.”
Despite Crippen’s protestations throughout his trial that he was innocent and that the remains were not his wife’s, the conflicting accounts he gave of the reason for his flight undermined his defence.
The research team said that a scar on the abdomen of the body, which convinced the jury that the remains were Mrs Crippen’s, was incorrectly claimed to be so. But they said that other evidence showed the body could only have made its way to Crippen’s house when he and his wife were living there. One of Dr Trestrail’s hypotheses is that Crippen was performing illegal abortions and that the body could have resulted from a botched procedure.
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I have just picked up a book called Supper with teh Crippens by David James Smith published 2005, I have just started reading it and thought it followed on from the tv programme proving that Crippen was innocent but realised of course it preceded this programme and is looking at Ethel le Neave !
barbara green, brighouse, yorkshire
I think that Crippen was a part time abortionist and that someone died. He had probably already aborted Ethel. Sometimes coincidences happen: his wife left him for parts unknown, an abortion "patient" died, he and Ethel ran. Crippen always seemed to have more money than he should have done.
Margaret Canter, Bungay, England
Cora could not have any children after a botched abortion when she was aged 19 and the mistress of an American stove maker, her operation caused her meet her husband, who at the time was working as a surgeonâs assistant.
Cora's sister did have children a Mrs Hun.
Scotland Yard made enquiries round the area of Hilldrop Crescent to try and found a cabbie or housemover who recalled Dr.Crippen leaving 39 Hilldrop with any large bags ECT... What they did find was a report of a woman of Coraâs description having 5 theatrical trunks of removed from 39 Hilldrop Cres a week prior to her âdisappearanceâ This information was never passed on to the defence at Crippenâs trial
Dr.Crippen was named by the Jury of the inquest a hearing that at the time received lots of newspaper coverage as the murderer of his wife and the criminal charge that followed was for the Murder of Cora Crippen, so he is without doubt innocent of what he was charged with.
What and who the remains where is a mystery. They amounted to a large basinâs worth of entrails with some skin. Why would a murderer keep them there when the difficult bits to dispose off where absent. If there where remains on the site of 39 Hilldrop Cres between 1 Feb 1910(Coraâs Disappance) and 13 July 1910(Police Discovery) Crippen would seem to be foolhardy to introduce a small dog into the household as he did at this time and keep a French maid who slept just feet from the site of the basement find.
The letter sent to the Prison from âCoraâ bore a Chicago Post Mark and was written on the day of Dr. Crippens conviction. The defence team never got to hear of it.
Julian Duffus, London, England
So who did the lumps of flesh under the cellar floor belong to? The plot thickens! I'm delighted that Crippen appears to have been proved innocent at 100 years.
I'd just like to point out a couple of things:
1) His wife was NOT British, she was American.
2) The mitochondrial DNA, used to determine that this was not the remains of Cora Crippen, is passed down by a mother to all her children, males and females alike. Males cannot pass it on, only females.
Your newspaper is not the only one to incorrectly assume this.
Just prior to Crippen's execution, the Governor of the prison received a letter, purporting to come from Cora Crippen, alive and well in America, denying that he had murdered her. The Governor passed the letter to Winston Churchill, then Home Secretary, who put the letter in his pocket and said not a word about it. He could have stayed the execution.
Cathy Kitchener, Storrington.,
leave a mystery a mystery,obscured in the foggy maze of history
stephen, london, england
Jerry....
Why didn't she step forward? I'd say revenge, that dish best served cold.
Why was she never spotted? Firstly people were not looking for her. She was supposed to be dead after all. Secondly, in those days communications were awful so news didn't travel well.
The reason behind muntilation is perfectly explained if (as the theory goes), he was performing illegal abortions. The damage to the body would be neccersary to hide this and the victims identity should something go wrong.
Lance, Crawley, UK
It won't be long before Attila the Hun is proved to be just an innocent bystander.
Paul, Rochester, UK
A woman scorned?
If he fled his marital home to run off with his mistress, isn't it possible that his wife may have sat back and allowed him to be executed as a form of revenge?
Mark S, Blackpool,
Cora's disappearance is the big hole in this idea. She did not take any of her things with her, and Ethel Le Neve was subsequently seen wearing some of her jewellery. Also Crippen faked a letter from her, so he knew no real letter would ever come, even if he did not kill her.
As far as I know, Cora Crippen never had any children, so there cannot be any descendants to get mitochondrial DNA from! But newspaper articles often use the word descendants in this loose fashion.
Another theory I have read is that Ethel Le Neve was the murderer. Can she really have been the sweet naive creature that she is always portrayed as?
alexandria, Sheffield, UK
The remains found recently buried in Crippen's cellar had a scar just where Mrs Crippen had. What evidence have the research team for their statement that this was incorrect?
It suggests the team went into this determined to prove the body had been misidentified and, like so many researchers (and documentary makers), conveniently ignored and glossed over any evidence that contradicted their claim.
If they're trying to clear Crippen's name they are doing a very bad job. To bury the body of botched abortion patient like this would be a far, far worse crime in the eyes of Crippen's contemporaries than murdereing a domineering wife!
Roger Tilbury, Worthing, England
So can we rule out suicide?
Andrew Milner, Karuizawa, Nagano
O.K. but where did Mrs. Crippen disappear to? Why didn't
she step forward and announce herself. Why was she never
spotted and reported to be alive? Who sheltered her?
She seems to have disappeared into thin air.
Fled and lived the rest of her life under a assumed name?
Why?
Sherlock where are you?
And why the mutilation? Why not just bury the body?
Jerry Scroggin, Phoenix, Arizona/USA