Richard Ford, Home Correspondent
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Graphic: the global drugs trade
Tough law enforcement action by the police and Customs has failed to reduce the demand for illegal drugs, according to one of the most comprehensive reports into drugs in Britain, published today.
The £5.3 billion drug trade has proved “remarkably” resilient in the face of government attempts to disrupt markets and reduce supplies at a cost of millions of pounds each year, it claims. The report, by the UK Drug Policy Commission, said: “Despite significant drug and asset seizures and convictions of traffickers and dealers, drug markets have proven to be extremely resilient. They are highly fluid and adapt effectively to government and law enforcement interventions.”
The study makes a grim assessment of the efforts by police, Revenue & Customs and the Serious Organised Crime Agency to curb the quantity of drugs that are being smuggled into the country and offered for sale on the streets. “Although the availability of controlled drugs is restricted by definition, it appears that additional enforcement efforts have had little adverse effect on the availability of illicit drugs,” the report says.
The price of heroin, cannabis resin, Ecstasy and cocaine have fallen, indicating that big drug seizures are having little effect on the quantity of illegal drugs available for distribution, it says. The heroin and cocaine
seized by the authorities in 2003-04 amounted to an estimated 12 per cent and 9 per cent respectively of the overall market in Britain. The Cabinet Office has estimated that there would need to be sustained seizure rates of between 60 and 80 per cent to put major traffickers out of business.
“Seizure rates on this scale have never been achieved, and both attaining and sustaining them would have major logistical and resources implications for law enforcement agencies,” the report says.
The Government is now spending £1.5 billion a year on its anti-drug strategy, including £380 million to reduce the supply and £573 million for drug treatment. This does not include the wider criminal justice costs of drug-related crime, which were estimated at £4 billion in 2003-04.
The report describes a drug market involving an estimated 300 major importers, 3,000 wholesalers and 70,000 street dealers.
A two-tier market in cocaine is also developing, the report claims. Affluent users are offered high-quality supplies, while street dealers sell a lower-grade version to the poor and young.
The figures also suggested that suppliers are diluting the purity of the powder cocaine to make it cheaper for younger people, where the market is expanding.The low-grade cocaine is often mixed with other drugs. Cut-price cocaine, which sells at about £30 a gram, is reported by the charity Drugscope to be available in almost every part of Britain, while the higher quality is offered for £50 a gram.
The average purity of cocaine seized at airports is about 67 per cent but by the time it is sold on the streets this has dropped to 30 per cent. The most common additives are boric acid, which is used as an antiseptic, procaine, used to ease pain, hydroxyzine, to treat anxiety, and tetramisole, a substance used to destroy tapeworms.
Half of all cannabis consumed in England and Wales is now grown on a commercial scale in homes and business premises around Britain, including many quiet residential streets.
“Cannabis factories or farms organised predominantly by Vietnamese criminal groups (often using illegal immigrants, including children, to cultivate these crops) are an established source of production of cannabis on a commmercial scale,” the report says.
It points to the emergence of West Africa as a staging point for drug smuggling and the increased use of British-born women to bring drugs into the country, after action against foreign “drug mules”.
The report calls for more research to establish the long-term effectiveness, and value for money offered by various parts of the Government’s drug strategy.
The report says that the police and other enforcement agencies can help to reduce the impact of drug markets by focusing on areas causing most damage, such as the sex trade, human trafficking, gang violence and corruption. It suggests that a concerted approach involving police and local councils could include securing vacant buildings and other spaces where drug dealing occurs, removing pay phones and installing more closed-circuit television.
The UK Drug Policy Commission was founded last year as an independent organisation to provide analysis of the country’s drug policy. It was provided with £1 million for three years by the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation, set up by Ian Fairbairn, a leading City figure, in memory of his wife.
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The "War on Drugs" is a war on the family.
Every family has someone who "dabbles"... stop this madness!
Legalize drugs... just about everybody tries some at some point in their lives... getting caught is nothing more than a lottery... not good ideals for justice surely???
Roy Anthony, Liverpool, UK
Throughout history, man has used "mind changing" drugs and to think some government run organisation will put a stop to it is wishful thinking.
Eddy, Bury St.Edmunds,
Make drugs legal with registered suppliers who must supply it in pharmaceutical grade purity, quality, etc.and use the tax income for tretment programmes, anti drug publicity and research into drug addiction.
R Mason, London, UK
The problem is simple - the consumers want the products very, very much. Why is another matter, but the tobacco industry traded on this situation for a century and only now is beginning to decline. Don't expect anything government can do to make much difference for quite some while.
Colin, shrewsbury,
The government should buy up the drugs at source to put the Taliban, etc. out of the business. Next, supply it free to all who will sign up for treatment, that will put the dealers out of business. Next, legalalise it.
R Mason, London, UK
Supply drugs at cost to registered addicts and eliminate high end users by spot checks and banning them from any senior positions if failing. Tax it like petrol not ban it. Total withdrawal added to the sentence for funding the addiction by crime would also help.
D Cage, Highworth, UK
Drug taking must be made DANGEROUS.
1. Random testing must be legal
2. Positive results must mean loss of job/fines of a percentage of wealth/forced bankruptcy.
3 High rewards for those denouncing drug users.
We need a high likelihood of being caught and really painful penalties.
Roger Alford, Guildford, UK
To everyone below and everyone reading, the answer is to legalise it, and the criminals with the drugs do fear decriminalisation. The reason it is not legalised is because all the politicians are too scared to stand up against "the war" they have fought for so many years...
Adam Webb, MK, UK
You solve a problem by facing it directly. Why do people use drugs? What does it give them that life doesn't? Highs, escape, thrills, temporary access to higher consciousness that our society denies exists? Bit like alcohol. Legalise and register users so they can be helped and not judged by fools.
Chris, London,
Don't legalise, medicalise. Let the poor desperate consumers line up twice a day for their free fix and watch the market disappear. When the demand is satisfied, the crime rate will drop and the rest of us can get on with our lives.
Lisa Hennessy, Herefordshire, UK
Introduce policies that hurt both dealers and users. Supply drugs free of charge for three years to cripple illegal supply. Then stop for three years. Disrupting supply will have devastating consequences for users who will be forced to seek help. Repeat the process infinitum.
Rob Bateman, Birmingham, England
The UK drug policy, like many others, has been driven by the American fixation with entry to South American countries under the guise of the 'war on drugs'. This policy has lead to massive profits for the suppliers to the detriment of ordinary people. Investment banking but without being legal!
Bobby Smith, london,
The easiest way to cut the drugs trade is to jail the users. With no demand there is no business. Italy had a problem with counterfeit goods sold on the streets, they imposed a massive fine on the purchasers and the police focus on catching the purchasers not the sellers. A very smart move.
Pete, Epping , UK
Drug use is driven by demand. It is NOT a victimless crime. Count the dead, police and druggies. Buy the DVD ' Drug wars '. It will scare you seeing the ease with which gang members kill each others and people like you. Was there a drug that was used to make people sick if they used drugs ?
Desmond Taylor, Houston, USA TX
You'd think they would have learnt something from Prohibition. They did. Cops made money. Legislation went against then. Today it's in nobody's interest to scuttle a multi-billion dollar industry. Interests are top down both sides. Neither wants the other out the league. Just lose the game
haralambos, joburg,
Those who advocate the legalisation of drugs tend not to live with bad drug addicts. They only see the nice ones who haven't cross the line yet. There are still problems with legal drugs like alcohol. Legalisation will not make the drug problem disappear - it will create another one.
Carolyn, Surbiton,
From all of the comments it shows that NO ONE has sufficient imagination or indeed awareness of the scale of the problem.
Drug misuse is NOT an isolated issue, it is linked to ALL other areas of crime, period! Theft, Violence, etc etc etc.
It's the top we need to start at, not the bottom!!
Shaun, Newcastle, Tyneside
Drugs are a business. It should be treated as such. However, there are still too many stupid voting "Daily Mail" readers who think that somehow the trade can be outlawed. They're the real drugs problem.
Dave, Slough,
Take a leaf out of Hollands book. Why fill our jails with drug mules, these people come from very poor backgrounds and some are threatened with there lives or there familys lives.Send them back home and save the tax payer money.
mark , Birmingham, U K.
Legislative policy and successive governments support a business environment that encourages huge personal financial gain for a small number of top people whilst forcing millions to suffer. Drugs policy or the 'light touch' of regulation for investment bankers? I know which causes most misery!
Bobby Smith, london,
What a farce. As long as the Daily Mail is happy though.... That 'Strong Signal' the government sent out over cannabis should start taking effect any day now and I think we'll see a miraculous solution to this problem take effect. No really, just wait and see. Why are you laughing?
Glen, london,
I was going to suggest the same as Brian Putman. Legalising drugs and putting them on the same footing as tobacco and alcohol would pull the rug from under the dealers and bring in revenue, part of which could be used to fund treatment and rehabilitation of addicts (as for alcoholics and smokers).
Jeremy Wall, Paphos, Cyprus
Prohibition in the USA didn't work and it was the birth of the Mafia.
5.3 billion pounds?
Legalise it, tax it and we can all benefit.
BECAUSE YOUR NOT GOING TO STOP IT
GJB, Slough, Berkshire
Whilst law enforcement agencies labour under restrictive 'rules of engagement' when attempting to target drug suppliers, and courts are not strong enough to impose proper sentences, the 'war' against drug dealing will not be won. If the government were serious about it, the gloves would be off now!
Jim, Exeter, UK
Wake up people. The CIA are responsible for the Drugs in the USA what make you think our lot don't do the same hear, It keeps the Police gainfully employed. If you all want more Police then someone has to create the crime, GET IT
Mark, Gateshead, UK
Legalise drugs? And what would they do with all the unemployed civil servants who spend their lives trying to fight the drug trade? Don't you see - the goodies and the baddies need each other - the former to earn a salary and the latter to keep the prices high. Remember it's the drug TRADE.
haralambos, joburg,
The UK Drug Policy Commission may be surprised that illegal drugs follow the laws of economics, supply and demand. Illegal status only serves to keep the price high, and increase the profits of the dealers. The "war on drugs" is no more winnable than the "war on terror," both are counterproductive
Rod Dalitz, Edinburgh, Scotland
legalise all drugs now. Control there supply, inlcuding cigarettes and alchohol and tax them. Use the funds saved and taxes earned to promote safe/non use and assist to those who get addicted - and who can now seek help easily. Stop this stupid policy which promotes organised crime and chaos.
andrew moore, brighton, uk
I was going to say that the UK Drug Policy Commission has no official standing whatsoever and is merely pushing a hidden agenda of drug legalisation. Sadly, all the commenters so far have a policy in the war on drugs of getting their capitulation in early. Pathetic.
KB, London, UK
The greatest fear of the major importers of illegal drugs is decriminalisation.
Nick Straker, Newcastle, UK
Despite appearances, the government is well aware that the drug war is unwinnable and that legalisation would be massively beneficial. It will simply protest otherwise, since there are too many powerful people/groups who make money from their black market status. Including cops, judges and MPs.
Andy, New York City, USA
" It suggests that a concerted approach involving police and local councils could include securing vacant buildings and other spaces where drug dealing occurs, removing pay phones and installing more closed-circuit television. "
Great, more tyranny and spying... Basically the same as before then.
Rob, Glasgow,
Legalise it, regulate it, tax it. There goes the black hole in Government funding and we could all get a several pence drop in income tax. If people can get it anyway, this would not lead to an increase in supply but it would knock the dealers out of business. Sense?
Brian Putman, Oxford,