Alexandra Frean, Education Editor
Win luxury hampers plus Waitrose vouchers & guidebooks
Children in full-time nursery care are more likely to display antisocial tendencies and anxiety than those who stay at home or attend part-time, a government study has found.
An evaluation of a £370 million government neighbourhood nurseries scheme found that toddlers spending more than seven hours a day in daycare were more prone to be bossy, tease other children, stamp their feet, obstruct other playmates and get anxious when toys or refreshments were being handed round.
The research, from the University of Oxford and the Institute for Fiscal Studies, has reignited the debate on whether overexposure to formal childcare is bad for children, and is likely to spark fresh concerns over whether government pressure on new parents to return to work is eroding family life.
The results coincided yesterday with a warning from teachers that children were in danger of becoming institutionalised as a result of government plans to offer “wraparound” daycare that would allow pupils to spend 50 hours a week in school. Under the Government’s “extended services” agenda, all schools will have to open from 8am to 6pm to give state school pupils the same opportunities as those in the private sector.
Cecily Hanlon, a nursery level teacher from Leeds, questioned whether the policy was alienating children from their families.
“It is possible to access full daycare from the age of three months and then spend most of childhood there,” she told the annual conference of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers in Bournemouth.
“Will the extended schools agenda and the increasing provision of holiday pay schemes further erode family ties? Are parents being led to believe that the best thing for their children is to be in peer groups looked after by other people?”
Richard Martin, of Invicta Grammar School in Leeds, said the debate was not about criticising working parents. He supported a motion passed by the conference calling for more research on the effects of the Government’s extended services policies.
“It does worry me when you hear stories of infants of only a few months being cared for in a nursery for ten hours a day, five days a week, 48 weeks a year,” he said.
Shirley Crowther, of Sow-erby village Church of England primary school in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, was concerned about the pressure on parents to use wraparound childcare. “It’s the parents who should be wrapping their children in their loving arms and not expect other people to do it for them,” she said.
But Alan Johnson, the Education Secretary, said that it was “ludicrous” to suggest that mothers were harming their children by going to work.
Expanding childcare provision and subsidies was a way of ensuring that children from deprived backgrounds got the best start in life, he said. He did not accept that all mothers should stay at home to look after their children and said that two years of good early care could boost development by up to six months at the age of 5.
“What we are trying to do is to ensure that parents, mothers in particular, have a choice . . . and have an opportunity to combine their professional life with other commitments,” he said.
There has been a long line of reports suggesting that children who spend a long time in daycare are more likely to show behavioural problems.
The latest study, led by Kathy Sylva and Sandra Mathers at the University of Oxford, examined 810 children in 100 neighbourhood nurseries and identified a “tipping point” in time spent at daycare for behavioural issues. Children who attended for 30 hours or more a week were rated as more antisocial, while children who attended for 35 hours or more displayed more worried and upset behaviour.
The report said that putting toddlers in mixed age groups was upsetting for the emotional adjustment of those aged under 3½. Teresa Smith, one of the report’s principal researchers, said that parents should not be too anxious about the findings as there were some positives. Children who spent a long time in daycare tended to be more confident and sociable.
Worrying signs
The study looked at the behaviour of 810 children in 100 neighbourhood nurseries (some local authority, some private, some voluntary sector). Carers were asked to complete detailed questionnaires about the children in their care. Children who were in care for 30 hours a week or more were more likely to exhibit the following behaviour:
Antisocial
- Tease other children and call them names
- Prevent other children carrying out routines
- Be bossy and need their own way
Worried or upset
- Frown, shrug shoulders, pout, stamp their feet when given an idea
- Be worried about not getting enough attention
- Be anxious about not getting enough access to toys or food and drink
On the plus side, these children were also more confident and sociable
Source: Department of Educational Studies, University of Oxford
Read the training tips and advice that helped our London Triathletes
Times Online's new TV show helps you make the right decisions for your pet
Read our exclusive 100 Years of Fleming and Bond interactive timeline, packed with original Times articles and reviews
The latest travel news plus the best hotels and gadgets for business travellers
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles

A treasure trove of baubles, booty and stylish quests

Dubrovnik, the Dalmatian Coast and Montenegro
2007
£47,995
2008
£42,945
06/2006
£40,850
Great car insurance deals online
£33,000
Macmillan Cancer Support
Central/South West
£50k
NHS
Nationwide
£
£30k OTE
Meltwater News
Nationwide
circa £70k
Central Office of Information
London
5% below developer pre-launch price!
Luxury Appts, beautiful gardens w/ Thames views
Great Homes Available on a shared Ownership Basis
Great Investment, River Views
Visit the ‘entertainment capital of the world’
at great sale prices!
Christmas Cruises
From only £995pp
APTs East Coast now from only
£2425pp.
Great travel insurance deals online
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times. Globrix Property Search - find property for sale and rent in the UK. Visit our classified services and find jobs, used cars, property or holidays. Use our dating service, read our births, marriages and deaths announcements, or place your advertisement.
Copyright 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
I am utterly disgusted at the attitudes of people posting on this board! No 2 peoples situations are ever the same! I personally am a working mother of 1, aged 3, who attends nursery in the afternoons, is looked after by her auntie when I am at work and is looked after by either myself or her dad when we are not working. My personal circumstances are better than others, in the fact that I work 2 days 8am until 8pm then 2 nights 8pm until 8am, followed by 4 days off. While her dad works Mon-Fri 9-5. It is a constant struggle juggling work to make ends meet whilst trying our best to give our daughter the best care possible! I personally, along with a lot of other working parents, would much rather be at home looking after my child but simply cannot afford to live if I do not work! Should I give up work and have no money to provide a home, heating, clothes or food for my child??? NO!! I do my best and that is what matters!! My first day before my night shift is spent with my daughter (yes! No sleep before I work all night!) and after my last night shift I spend the day with her (yet again with no sleep). Is it honestly the opinion of people out there that I am a selfish mother?! Unbelievable!! I provide the best I can and more importantly give my daughter all the love and care in the world!! She knows that I love her with all my heart! THAT is what matters! Simply because both of us work does not mean we have any fancy holidays, cars or home come to think of it! No, we live in a council rented property, drive 2 5 year old cars and have NEVER been on holiday abroad!! We don't wear designer clothes or anything else that any of you have mentioned!!
The point I am making is - we all make choices, which others may not agree with, but we make them because they are the best for our individual circumstances! Why doesn't everyone just accept that? Our child ALWAYS come first! Regardless of what other people might think! Congratulations to all of you out there who can afford to stay at home with your children, but spare a thought for those of us who cannot! It is not through choice but neccesity!
Jennifer, Edinburgh, Scotland
In 2 months time I will be returning to full-time work and my daughter will be 6 months old. I DON'T want to go back to work and i'd rather look after my baby myself! I'm supposed to be able to take up to a years Maternity Leave but it's not financially viable to do so. Well, unless I don't mind our home being repossessed - my husband can no longer afford to pay the mortgage by himself. We only live in a 1 bedroom flat and if we want to have any chance of being able to move in years to come to a larger property then I HAVE TO return to work full-time to satisfy the mortgage lender that we can afford a larger mortgage. I find it really upsetting that any mother who has to go back to work is made to feel like she's damaging her children in some way by doing so. We don't have flash cars or take fancy holidays but we do have to pay all our bills and buy food. We don't have any debts and currently only just keeping our heads above water. What's so bad about trying to provide for my family?
Emma Gill, Braintree, Essex,
stay at home mothers are smug? You ladies need to look at what you are saying! Yes I am a stay at home mother, and not out of choice, having twins the government will only contribute one working tax credit, making childcare inafordable! I have a friend who lost a son whilst at nursery, and will not allow the second child out of their sight, quite rightly, and what about those with sick children who need specialist care, have you tried getting a nursery place for those?
Maybe us mothers should stick together, and whilst you worry about leaving work on time, we continue to scrape together the pennies to pay for play group.
diane , solihull, england
I am also a graduate and was nine months pregnant when I graduated in law. I started looking for a job when my son about two months because me and my partner and baby were living off £14,000.00 - Yes Simone I know what it's like to scrape together coins - really. My first visit to Mother Care was not to swan about fingering lovely items of clothing and purchasing needless objects for my son. It was to pop in and out with £3 for a pair of mittens which he needed as he has terrible eczema and I needed to prevent him from sucking on his hands and irritating his skin. I felt so low and out of place in that huge store among all the smug faced stay at home mums It is not a fulfilling life when you live it in poverty. Poverty may not mean going without water or indeed food in the UK, but it means a multitude of other things that a majority of people know nothing about. I now have a job in law where my career might flourish and thus a secure future be born. Unfortunately nursery is nec.
Jody Marie Palfreyman, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire
I have just returned to work this week. My son is 11and a half months old and is in nursery for two days a week. I have suffered guilt and shed tears. However as he will be an only child I believe the social interaction at nursery will be good for him and he just loves the new collection of toys. I need to work a minimum of 16 hours so that I can claim working tax credits and my husband has just given up a full time job to return to education. Money is very tight but going back to work has renewed my confidence and created a greater sense of equilibrium. I feel happier and more fulfilled and really look forward to my time with my son who seems happy and lively. I believe a balance is the way forward if possible and I personally would rather see more of my son and go without holidays, new shoes and designer suits.
lizzy Weich, brighton, England
Hi, I am 26, a young (graduate) mother of two gorgeous girls. I was told my generation could do whatever we wanted- I am on the verge of starting my first full time job in the NHS. My husband is self employed and we currently live on £10,000 a year. Have you ever really known how it feels (really) to scrape together coins to buy a few things for your children to eat? Have you really not had a holiday in seven years? Because our family haven't. And poverty is miserable, families can become miserable whether Mum is home full time or not. I have stayed at home wth both my girls and my oldest is now at school full time. My youngest is almost two and she will be attending full time care. I want to go to work because I want a career, I want to fulfil my potential that I put on hold at 21. I hope to God that my two girls are still not having to justify whatever they choose to do to bitchy, smug stay at home women in the future.
Simone Rogers, Lincoln, UK
Hi, I am 26, a young (graduate) mother of two gorgeous girls. I was told my generation could do whatever we wanted- I am on the verge of starting my first full time job in the NHS. My husband is self employed and we currently live on £10,000 a year. Have you ever really known how it feels (really) to scrape together coins to buy a few things for your children to eat? Have you really not had a holiday in seven years? Because our family haven't. And poverty is miserable, families can become miserable whether Mum is home full time or not. I have stayed at home wth both my girls and my oldest is now at school full time. My youngest is almost two and she will be attending full time care. I want to go to work because I want a career, I want to fulfil my potential that I put on hold at 21. I hope to God that my two girls are still not having to justify whatever they choose to do to bitchy, smug stay at home women in the future.
Simone Rogers, Lincoln, UK
On the same day as this article was published the judge in a residence case involving my 3 year old son and the CAFCASS officer reecomended he go full time to nyrsery
Phil Mathers, Bradford, England
We moved to Perth in Western Australia so we could afford to bring up our child with me at home as a full time mother. I did give up a huge amount to do this i.e. my own successful interior design business........ I hope to set it up again one day but I made a choice when I became pregnant and that was to be the Mother of my child . Just for the record, women who go to work really do have it easy - they do not have to take full responsibility for their childs development niether do they have to let go of their ' oh so important identity!'
Rebecca Brewster, Perth, WA
I am a working mother and my child is in full time nursery and he loves it. Yes, it was my choice to have a baby, and no, I don't have a high flying career. BUT, if I want the mortgage to be paid and there to be food on the table (did someone say holidays???? Can't afford those) then I have to work. Alas, I did not win the lottery when I was on maternity leave.
Always question the findings of research. Did the researchers already believe that a child is best off being looked after by a parent and wanted to prove this? Did they structure their questionnaire to lead their participants to that conclusion? What was the social background of the children involved?
So what are parents to do? Only have one child (because clearly if you have more than one then you will have to share yourself between siblings?). Give up work so that the state can pay for you to stay at home? There is plenty of research out there that contradicts these latest findings.
Fiona Mackinlay, Glasgow, UK
Anyone who can claim that it is beneficial for children under the age of three to be in day care for up to 10 hours a day must be delusional. Wages in this sector are abysmal and as the old adage has it - you get what you pay for. It may be preferable for some children who would otherwise spend their days strapped in a buggy trailing around shopping centres with a chav teenage mother but the majority of children are infinitely better off being cared for by mum, dad or grandparents ie someone who has a vested interest in their development and wefare. Many couples do not both have to work full-time- they do it for the cars, holidays, houses, possessions etc. and because they selfishly do not want to put a career on hold for a few years. If you CHOOSE to do this at least be honest and don't pretend it benefits a child to be cared for all day by semi-literate teenagers!
henry alexander, london ,
Why is it that people who favour putting children into care seem to be unable to distinguish between the mother's so-called needs and the child's very genuine ones? When you have an adult, autonomous person and a small, powerless one, whose needs come first? Duh...that's a tough one. Not. Study after study says that small children are better off with their parent, whichever it is. Just accept that, can't you? And accept that a)nobody has to have a child if they know they will hate looking after it; b)there are always ways of managing on less money if you try; c)it is not absolutely compulsory for parents to have everything they want and that making sacrifices goes with being a parent. Oh sorry, found myself back in 1973 there for a moment - thank goodness. Grow up, nursery-using parents. You have a choice - your children don't.
Fiona Cummings, Edinburgh, UK
My sister in law and her mother work in childcare. For years, I have heard them commenting on how unhappy the "full-time" children in their nursery usually seem seem to be - insecure, agressive with other children, appearing not to want to leave the nursery when their parents come to collect them, and seeming to feel more for their nursery carers than their parents. (Ironically, several parents I know whose small children are in full time nursery care point to their unwillingness to leave the nursery at the end of the day as being a sign of how happy they are there - they don't seem to see it as a sign that their childen just don't know where their real home is.) If nursery staff themselves know perfectly well that full time care is a poor substitute for parental involvement, do we really need these expensive studies to bring this point home?
Charlotte, Oxford,
If parents (mothers especially) feel the need to put their children into full time daycare from the age of 3 months or so, and leave them there all day, all week, for nearly all year and only bring them out to display to family and friends at weekends and the all important holidays to far off and expensive places WHY HAVE CHILDREN ?? Surely a fast car and a swimming pool would be sufficiant status symbols for people like this. I had my children because I wanted to look after them myself, to see them smile, walk, talk, read and write and know that I have had, and am having, a major influence in their development and most importantly not shipping them out to other people to bring up. I had a very good and well paid job before my family was born. Some sacrifices are worth making...
Stephanie , Oxford , UK
I am confused. According to the reporting, this study was based on "810 children in 100 neighbourhood nurseries".
How then can a conclusion be made that they are "more likely to display antisocial tendencies and anxiety than those who stay at home"???? - that those who stay at home apparently weren't studied.
A different article in The Times online provides a different take on the same study - http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/education/article1613591.ece
Jonathan, Belfast,
Yet again the debate is polarised: working mothers who leave their children in nurseries versus full time mothers who do not. However, there are many working mothers who do not use nursery care for their children, and many full time mothers (albeit well off ones) who do.
Nursery care is never as good for babies and young children as loving full time one to one care, and that is a fact. Children need to be loved and nurtured, not institutionalised from an early age. They have individual needs, and group care cannot meet them in the same way the loving one to one relationship of a parent or other sole carer can. Some working parents recognise this, and pay the earth to employ a nanny. Some full time mothers do not recognise this and place their young children in nursery care to have a break from looking after them.
The government should not encourage group care, but recognise that loving one to one care is the best, and provide help for families to achieve this.
Mary, London,
If parents (mothers especially) feel the need to put their children into full time daycare from the age of 3 months or so, and leave them there all day, all week, for nearly all year and only bring them out to display to family and friends at weekends and the all important holidays to far off and expensive places WHY HAVE CHILDREN ?? Surely a fast car and a swimming pool would be sufficiant status symbols for people like this. I had my children because I wanted to look after them myself, to see them smile, walk, talk, read and write and know that I have had, and am having, a major influence in their development and most importantly not shipping them out to other people to bring up. I had a very good and well paid job before my family was born. Some sacrifices are worth making .
Stephanie, Oxford, UK
I don't think it is utter rubbish. I work in child mental health and I can tell you, not having your parents around can cause disaster and have repercussions for the rest of your life. i just feel sorry for these people who think money is more important than love and going to Barbados on holiday is more important than having a nice time with your family. Working mother are under a lot of stress constantly, they are also full of guilt and that is just not good to make ahappy family and happy children. You just have to know what your values are. But remember, your childen do not stay little for very long and you will never hear a mother of grown up children saying "yes, go to work, it is not worse staying at home while they are little", but of course the wisdom of older people is not something people listen any more.
Sophie, Liverpool,
'Newsflash: educated, ambitious women who stay at home full-time "become anti-social". Unscientific studies of a sample group of 50 women in Scotland suggest that educated, bright women, who are forced to stay home with their children to meet a socially-imposed mothering standard, can demonstrate anti-social behaviour as they become isolated from social norms and go ga-ga from non-interaction with adult humans. Aberrant behaviour may include neurosis, paranoia, resentment of spouse, bitterness and a shrewish temperament.'
Why can't all the conservative mandarins accept that not every woman is suited to being a stay-at-home mother? Most women like to have a combintation of work and family life, just as most men do and they shouldn't be constantly made to feel inadequate for that. Women have been working for centuries: it's nothing new so why the panic about it these days? This is just another transparent attempt to play on middle-class anxieties.
MB, Edinburgh,
What utter rubish. Both my daughters attended full time nursery from a very early age and when I compare their social/life skills and achievements at school against their peers who stayed at home with mummy, I know who are the better balanced individuals. - just let us have a go at working parents shall we!
Bruce, Cumbria,
Marvellous - another study that tells me that I should not be working for more than 7 hours a day! So how do I afford my mortgage? How do I afford my food? How do I afford clothes for myself and child? If someone can tell me how to do this without relying on child care (we do not live near either set of grandparents - one set who are still working) then I am all ears ... Thanks you Times for presenting an overview that undermines my choices but provides me with no alternative, great journalism!
Jhanna C, Newcastle, UK
Dr John Bowlby ,does no one read your work these days?the research was done more than 50 years ago and didn't cost £350 million.So many people reinventing the wheel.
Graham Edlin, london, uk
It is true. Parents who put their children in murseries are selfish. Childrne are little for such a short time. There was a mother on BBC whining but I need to work. It is only because she is a victim of consumerism and selfishness.
Earlier in the week when a father stated he wanted to stay home to look after his children - another mother whined he could not possible do it. Mothers want everything and in the end do nothing except propagate this selfish society.
Parents are responsible for creating the society we have noe.
sue, southampton, uk
I guess I'm just glad I stayed home and didn't use day care. I know how hard it was on my children for me to leave them for a few hours a week to do a service project! I don't have a powerhouse career because I didn't work while they were young but I don't regret it. I just hope they recognize the value of what their upbringing gave them and remember to take care of me when my retirement runs out!
Brigid Kowalczyk, Ann Arbor, MI