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An American has rocked the educational establishment of France by daring to challenge the way that English-language teachers are trained for the classroom.
Laurel Zuckerman has split the academic world with a book that relates her experience at the heart of the archaic French teacher-training system. Her account reveals the extraordinarily arcane and ar-guably irrelevant questions asked of would-be English teachers. And it highlights the ambivalence of the country’s approach to English, which is seen, at best, as a necessary evil.
Sorbonne Confidential, published in February and now a bestseller, has proved highly controversial, with critics denouncing what they have interpreted as an attack on les lycées,one of France’s proudest institutions. But supporters have written to thank Mrs Zuckerman for challenging the lofty academic ideals of the lycées, which they say deprive pupils of the practical tools that they need to succeed in the global market.
The two sides have engaged in a ferocious debate about the merits of the French educational system. One discussion forum on an internet site that was aimed at the country’s intellectual elite had to be shut down amid a tide of insults.
Mrs Zuckerman’s book was inspired by her own failed attempt to obtain a qualification to teach English in France. The 47-year-old from Scotts-dale, Arizona, had expected that her anglophone origin would be an advantage. But after a year on a teaching course at the Sorbonne in Paris she realised that she had been mistaken. “I have come to the conclusion that native English speakers are actually at a disadvantage,” she said.
A finely honed Cartesian mind and a firm grasp of the French language are among the qualities that are required of les professeurs d’anglais, she discovered. The ability to teach or even speak English is not, however. “They are excluding people who don’t have the right mindset,” she said. “It’s a way of protecting themselves.”
Mrs Zuckerman, a computer expert, decided to go into teaching after being made redundant by an internet company in 2002. The result was a journey through a system that, she has claimed, was designed to retain only the most erudite of candidates and eliminate the rest. During her one-year course at the Sorbonne, for example, she was required to write a dissertation in French on “The meaning of time and the time of meaning”.
Mrs Zuckerman was indignant at the nature of the assignment. “I can understand that you need to speak enough French to communicate with parents, pupils and other staff in schools,” she said. “But what possible use can it be to be able to write a dissertation?”
Her professors at the Sorbonne were brilliant, although not necessarily in speaking English. One of them, for instance, had the worst pronunciation of English that she had ever heard.
Another was bemused by the term “ruffled shirts”. And an education inspector criticised one of Mrs Zuckerman’s British friends for talking about “ducks”. “She said plural of duck is duck — and if an inspector in France says it’s two duck, then it’s two duck.”
Mrs Zuckerman’s literature class was also a surprise, with students asked, for example, to recite the works of Robert Burns, the 18th-century Scots poet, including To A Louse, which begins “Ha! whare ye gaun’ ye crowlin ferlie? ” Mrs Zuckerman asked: “Whatever the brilliance of Robert Burns, what has that got to do with what children need to learn?”
At the end of the year, Mrs Zuckerman and two British students on the course failed the exams because their marks in the papers in French were significantly lower than the average. But in her book, she points out that French lycées are failing at English teaching. In a European study of standards in several countries — Sweden, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands, Denmark and Spain — they came last.
Mrs Zuckerman said: “There is an incredible intellectual taboo in France, which makes it impossible to draw a link between the way they recruit their teachers and the results of the students.”
Foreign tongue
Questions for aspiring teachers of English in France:
1 Recite and discuss the following verse from To a Louse by Robert Burns: Ha! whare ye gaun’ ye crowlin ferlie? Your impudence protects you sairly, I canna say but ye strunt rarely Owre gauze and lace, Tho faith! I fear ye dine but sparely On sic a place
2 Explain the devolution of powers to Scotland and Wales between 1966 and 1999
3 Specify and justify the placement of intonation nuclei in the following sentence: “She thought, well, that’s the lot, but what shall I do with all this weight stuff now?”
4 Explain the stress pattern of the following words: miraculously, sensuality, pornography
5 Account for the quality of the vowels in the stressed syllables in literature and primitives
6 In seven hours, write a dissertation on “The meaning of time and the time of meaning”
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On the question of "How the French teach English", the following event (in Paris) might offer some insights:
TESOL France, in association with RANACLES, APLIUT and SAES, is pleased to present :
The Great Debate
Is the current concours system (CAPES and Agrégation) the best method for selecting and preparing future English teachers in France?
Saturday March 29th 14:30 to 17:30
Télécom Paris (ENST), 49 rue Vergniaud, 75013 Paris. Lecture Hall: Thévenin
The event is free, but it is mandatory to register by March 26th.
http://www.tesol-france.org/Debate08.php
The event has two main objectives
* To facilitate an exchange between different groups of interested parties, representing different points of view on the concours system;
* To inform the public and to allow the audience to make a better informed judgement.
The event will be held in both French and English. Participants will be able to speak in the language of their choice.
Zuckerman, Paris, France
A case of 'if you can't join them, beat them'. I personally found adapting to the French system after studying in the British one a very enriching experience which has led to an interesting synthesis. I attempted the Agregation five times running before succeeding and feel the goal I achieved to have been enhanced by the effort. I should point out that there were only two successful candidates in English in the Rouen académie that year, both of us British. I was also the only student from Rouen university to succeed. As for the notion that it is an archaic system, the linguistics I had to study was based on the most recent research and the literary theory would have impressed even David Lodge. There are plenty of English language teaching opportunities for native speakers in France for which a TEFL certificate is all that is required. Mastering both the language and the way of thinking of your adopted country is surely not a bad thing. If at first you don't succeed...
Garry Headland, Le Havre, France
To Peter Chetty-
Having spent quite some time in England, I can assure you that very few English speak Standard British English and having grown up in American, I can assure you that very few Americans speak Standard American English - both of which are acknowledged forms of the language. I've spoken to quite a few English teacher (in France) whose accents I couldn't understand - and it wasn't because they were speaking Queen's English. Laughing at another person's accent says more about the person laughing than the victim, wouldn't you say? Not to mention your argument's a straw-man and your punctuation is poor.
P.S. Arizona isn't considered to be a state with a 'drawl' since it was mainly populated by Northerners.
Lindsay H., Montpellier, France
A fellow student of English at university 20 yrs ago (English youth taking the course in order to teach English, had been living in France since childhood) proposed, in a translation class (French into English) a sentence in English. He was told by the French professor, teacher of English: "no, no, an Englishman would never say it like that!" I am married to an American (20 years in France, excellent French), who teaches English in Lycées. The first time he tried to pass the CAPES, he was given a "0" in a French exercise. That mark eliminated him despite the fact that all grades combined he had passed. The jury had not agreed to his concluding his "explication de texte" by comparing Marivaux to 18th c. soaps. Today, his proviseur wants him to mark his pupils so that the class always has an average of 10/20, regardless of the level. This is symptomatic of an education system obsessed with grading above promoting know-how, and which only serves the elite. It is archaic and dishonest.
Marge, Mulhouse, France
I have to say that Mrs Zuckermann's comments are very far fetched indeed. The French Education system, despite its flaws, is a venerable and rigorous institution of which I have first hand experience.
Becoming an 'agrégé' is far from being 'largely unattainable' as she would have us believe. I think this is definitely a case of sour grapes and nothing more. She failed after 20 years living in France which only proves that her French was not up to standard. Why was this important? If you can't speak French or argue in French to bilingual standard you have no business being an 'agrégé'. You have to train yourself before becoming an 'agrégé' or else take the CAPES which entitles you to teach English in schools in the same way, though not at University level.
Its a shame that the British and American seem to jump at the opportunity of rubbishing a system that is in a constant state of flux and improvement and where the teaching is becoming more and more effective.
Nick Wise, Cannes, France
Having grown up in Quebec, I can report that there is an attitude of disdain towards English that is both cultivated and encouraged in some French intellectual strata.
It seems to part of what has been described to me as a wider training in "intellectual bullying" and is a technique for dominance and control.
It is unfortunate that these attitudes are passed on from generation to generation for so many centuries.
How much more fun it would have been to learn French if it had meant that I would be able to look forward to talking about something other than how despicable English-speaking people are.
I suppose the lycée people are repulsed by the idea of having anything to do with the English language at all, and are loathe to facilitate its learning or speaking.
I am certainly happy that France has some positive qualities to balance these experiences out.
David, British Columbia,
Well, yes the questions for aspiring teachers of English in France do seem rather far fetched.
But of course I can testify to the many hundreds of teachers of English as a foreign language in England who don't even know what the word syntax actually means. Or, can't tell the difference between a subject pronoun and an object pronoun.
This is to say that in my 40 years experience as a teacher of English being a native speaker isn't sufficient.
One needs to know the strucure of the language in order to compare it to the student's mother tongue and explain it professsionally.
Arnold Attard, Bergamo, Italy
I work in an environment very similar to that of Ms. Zuckerman, teaching English to Francophone adults in the City of Light. It's amazing to see how poorly they speak English, even after years in public schools spent studying the language (supposedly). Indeed, the incompetence of the French schools in this regard keep innumerable language schools in business, since French businesspeople have no choice but to use English at work, and they cannot speak it when they get out of school, even if they are Polytechniens (if you don't believe me, take a look at the English version of the Ecole Polytechnique Web site--it looks like it was written by a junior-high student). The French are living in in a tall ivory tower and they are losing the global race, I'm afraid.
Tony, Paris, France
Yes i can understand this lady's frustrations and yes perhaps the Sorbonne is a bit snobby .... There may even be a little bit of sour grapes on her and her british colleagues behalf for failing the course
But as an English national who has lived and and owned businesses in the UK the USA and for the last twenty years France I would strongly defend the French level of education as a whole.
If I had to award marks for the overall level of education displayed by general employees, excluding the professional classes , I would give the UK 3/10 the USA 2/10 and French 6/10.
andy james, Lyon, France
Whatever the failings of our system, most young French people speak far better English than the English or Americans I have met speak French.
And there are many opportunities here for English speakers to teach the language without having to go to the Sorbonne to obtain a qualification.
R. Bouchier, Nueil sur Layon, France
On Sobonne Confidential, two things missing : the author a I understand is an American naturalized as a French citizen and this book is only available in French - a marvelous contradiction ! A French bestseller about teaching English in France only available in French (at the moment ?). Some English publisher ought to grab this right away and make a mini-series for television at the least. I can't imagine anything more funny and intriguing - or intellectually interesting - as the story of an American in Paris becoming French to teach English to the French and being done in by the French who wish to leave the teaching of English to the French, with all the permutations and complexities that implies. Bravo Ms. Zuckerman !and where can we get our copy in proper English please ?
E Dmitril, London, England
Excellent. I just wish the BBC applied this test to its newsreaders. The only fault I can see is one of omission.
There should be a mathematical question. Nothing outrageous, just something simple like; "Prove Pythagoras' theorem". We all know it, we all take it for granted, but can we show it to be true?
It seems that the French require a teacher to have an intellectual range and capacity that is above average. We should learn from them.
Ray , Dartmouth,
I know what this is all about as I had a very similar experience in Italy nearly 40 years ago.
I did a 'concorso' and was expected to know everything about English literature and history, and also about Italian legislation as regards schools. That was the part that bothered me most and I have since discovered that not even Italians know it thoroughly.
I was lucky in that I passed, but an English friend of mine didn't - they asked her some of the dreaded legislation questions.
I have since concluded that what is at stake is your cultural level - which has nothing to do with your ability to teach the language of course. It's also to do with your stamina and how much you desire a 'state' job that nobody will kick you out of.
But once you're 'in' then you have to decide how much you can take. But this is not the time or place to go into this. Suffice to say that I have survived - miracle - and am about to retire,
roberta, sassari, italy
Peter C Chetty -
It is true that the French are snobbish and defensive about their own language and culture They sneer at Canadian French and at foreigners trying to speak their language who make grammatical slips. This is an intellectual and ethical failing which they should, but do not, make an effort to overcome.
The rest of your comment also misses the point of the article. Mrs. Zuckerman substantiates serious flaws in the French qualification process. The ramshackle nature of the training and testing speaks for itself. If this is typical of the French educational system, it is no wonder that France, alas, is in the mess it is.
Michael Bruce, Selby, Yorkshire
American English is not rated very much in France nor is French from Canada.
How will you explain to an American that what they think is English is really not Standard English and "You should not have gotten drunk" is correctly "you should not have got drunk". France is willing to accept that the regional accents for the dining table are not good enough for schools so the Arizona drawl can stay in Arizona. She can't complain. What is the percentage of people who speak standard English in America around? 1%? maybe even less.
I know that Americans are laughed at all over the world and even in Liverpool for their "excents"
Peter Casie Chetty, Liverpool, United Kingdom
I agree wholeheartedly with Mrs Zuckerman, the French teaching system seems to have a lot of very intelligent people amongst its staff, but many of whom are no good whatsoever at passing on that knowledge! In France, whether it be in teacher training or any other university subject, the main concern of the 'professeurs' appears to be to maintain their position and status, and they do this by making life very hard for the students instead of encouraging them and giving them the tools they need to learn.
My experience with French schools has taught me that teachers come out of training with a very narrow view of the way things should be done, I think this is instilled in them from day one.
le quellec, CADEN, France
If all countries would adopt the Dutch method of teaching languages we might have multi-lingual school leavers who would feel at ease in half a dozen European languages. If the Dutch can do it, why not the English and the French?The former teach grammar but not colloquial usage of foreign languages, and the latter teach only so that the pupils can pass exams. Example: English boy attending French school, asked what he preferred as a second language, replied Spanish. Oh, no, they said, you must take English. "But I am English". So - you wil be top of the class and have the highest marks in exams and your language teacher will be congratulated. For the benefit of his French teacher , he was not allowed to learn Spanish . Which century are we in?
peter kinsley (www.peterkinsley.com), London, england