Alexandra Frean
Win Sky+HD for a year and a trip to Barcelona
Boys and girls should be educated in separate classes because their brains are hard-wired to learn in different ways, a controversial book says.
Too many schools are creating an environment that is “toxic” to boys, turning them off learning and leaving them quite unprepared for adult life, according to Leonard Sax, a family doctor and research psychologist from Washington DC.
For the past decade parents and teachers have become worried increasingly about boys, who are now routinely outperformed by girls at every level and who show growing levels of disaffection and lack of motivation.
In his book Boys Adrift, Dr Sax argues that this yawning gender gap is the result of innately differently learning styles of boys and girls, and that most classrooms play to the strengths of girls.
“In the co-educational classroom so many of the choices we make are to the advantage of girls, but disadvantage boys,” he said. “The fact that girls are doing well is not the problem. The problem is, why can’t their brothers do as well?”
Dr Sax, founder of the National Association for Single Sex Public Education in the United States, believes the answer lies in subtle, but important differences in the brains of boys and girls.
“Until ten years ago, people said that boys are spatial and girls are verbal. That’s nonsense. There is not much difference in how girls and boys think, but there are differences in how they see and hear,” he told The Times at the start of a lecture tour of boys’ schools in Britain.
Boys, for example, do not hear as well as girls. So a female teacher with a soft voice may believe that a boy who is not paying attention is playing up, when actually he cannot hear her properly. Her reaction may be to discipline him. But Dr Sax says that she would get better results by speaking louder and moving purposefully around the classroom.
Boys’ eyes also respond better to movement and direction, while girls’ eyes are more affected by colour and texture. Asked to draw, five-year-old girls produce flowers, pets and people. Boys will draw a car crash, but may be reproached by teachers for producing something that is “not nice”.
Similarly, he says, although most girls can sit still from a young age, most boys need to be active to discover their own pace. “Asking a five-year-old to sit still and read and write is something that many girls can do, but many boys can’t. I have visited more than 200 schools. This is what I hear the teachers saying, ‘Jason, why are you standing?’, ‘Gerard, are you making a buzzing noise?’, ‘Robert, can you stop tapping?’, ‘Look at Emily, she’s sitting still and is good’.
“The message that boys are getting from the age of 5 is that doing what the teacher wants is unmasculine,” Dr Sax says.
One result, Dr Sax believes, is the overdiagnosis of attention deficit disorder among boys who are considered inattentive by teachers. Parents and doctors are tempted to treat this with medication, when simply putting them in a boyfriendly classroom would be far more effective.
The failure of schools to understand why gender matters means that boys very often switch off from learning from an early age and never reengage. Long after their sisters have gone to university, they are still trapped at home suffering from “failure to launch” into adult life.
The solution, Dr Sax believes, lies in single-sex education provided by teachers trained to understand the differences in brain function between boys and girls.
“Let boys tap the table. Let them jump up from their seat when asked to spell a word. It won’t disturb the boy next to them. Girls are bothered by extraneous noise levels 10 to 40 times lower than the levels that bother men. Girls are aware of what is going on around them. Boys are oblivious,” Dr Sax says.
When such these methods were used in single-sex classes in Florida, pass rates for primary school fourth-grade boys (Year Three in Britain) rose from 55 per cent to 85 per cent.
Explore your passion for food with the delights of Thai, Indian & Chinese cooking
In our new series, Tony Hawks takes a dry, wry look at modern life - junk mail, interminable meetings and snooty sales assistants
Read the training tips and advice that helped our London Triathletes
Read our exclusive 100 Years of Fleming and Bond interactive timeline, packed with original Times articles and reviews
The latest travel news plus the best hotels and gadgets for business travellers
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
2007
£30,000
2006
£14,337
2008
£39,937
Great car insurance deals online
c.£75,000
GlosFirstmeansbusiness
Gloucestershire
£32,795 - £41,545
Universitry of Southampton
Southampton
£
£32,795 - £41,545
Universitry of Southampton
Southampton
Competitive Package
Npower
West Midlands
1 & 2 Bed apartments
From £249,995
Great Investment, River Views
Great Dubai Investment Opportunities
from £89,950
low-cost ownership homes in London
Las Vegas SALE!
£POA
With Ramblers Worldwide Holidays!
£POA
List your property with two leading travel websites
£POA
Great travel insurance deals online
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times. Globrix Property Search - find property for sale and rent in the UK. Milkround Job Search - for graduate careers in the UK. Visit our classified services and find jobs, used cars, property or holidays. Use our dating service, read our births, marriages and deaths announcements, or place your advertisement.
Copyright 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
From an early age I have explained to my son that he is learning for himself, not for my "ambitions" or the teachers' or the school's "glory". He is now 13 and doing well in all the subjects - for his own sake - and English is not even his mother tongue.
But, based on my observations and discussions with my now teenage son, boys do benefit from male teachers' "male style teaching" to balance the numerous female influences in their lives.
Heini Calabria, Northamptonshire, UK
Chances are boys would fare better if there were more male teachers - particularly in the early years. Chances are there would be more male teachers in the early years if the profession were better paid!
By the time a boy reaches high school, he has been taught by so many women who, with the best will in the world, cannot foster uniquely male thought patterns if (as the research suggests) these exist. Is it any wonder then, that, by the time he reaches high school, a boy has decided that he is obviously not as skilled at learning as the girls in his class?
I wonder how much the current assessment structure favours girls.
Karyn Romeis, Milton Keynes, Bucks
I am 28 and went to single boys' school from 6 to 19. I have no regrets. However, myy father is currently pushing for co-ed schools because all my sisters who went to single girls' schools are single mothers! (But I think the mistake was at home...and not school)
Charles Sendegeya, Kampala, Uganda
The terms convergent and divergent have been used by educationalists to describe the minds of males and females. Recognizing the difference is crucial for educational success. Other new research from the US suggests that the male brain is developing until the age of twenty five, previously thought to have ended at twelve or fourteen at the latest. Perhaps we should review our educational systems.
Alan Gilbert. President of COMPASS www.compasspa.ie
alan gilbert, Carlow, Ireland
We always wondered why the perfomance of girls exceeds that of boys continuously. Boys feel demoralised after the results are out in the final examinations. From the report by Alexandra Frean here it is revealed that the teaching method and the absorption to it by both sexes are not equal, although of same species. If we teach a parrot and maina to talk in the same class, the end result will tend to vary grotesquely. It is now up to the parents to think where to put their offsprings; either in co-education systems or separate ones to boost their individual characterstics forward.
SATYANARAYAN MOHAPATRA, CUTTACK, INDIA/ORISSA
its certainly seems something that needs looking into. My husband has voiced quite a few concerns mentioned in the report.
my daughter aged 3 1/2 certainly seems to be proving Dr. Sax right.
jacqueline , watford, uk
I and my children's father attended single-sex schools in the 70s. Our sons attend a mixed comprehensive.
I believe that the social skills my sons have learnt by attending a mixed school have prepared them for adult life (and future relationships) far better than the single sex schools we attended.
On the downside, there are definite educational benefits to single sex tuition. My eldest son became totally switched-off from education in the sixth form; my younger is rapidly losing motivation despite my best efforts to keep him engaged.
Perhaps the answer is a combination of both systems. Within mixed-sex schools there should be provision for single-sex tuition in academic subjects, and mixed for the 'social' aspects of schooling plus the less academic subjects .
Something certainly needs to be done. We are failing a whole generation of boys who are losing interest in education and a clear picture of their 'place' in society.
Donna Walker, Effingham, Surrey
Reflecting back on my own primary school experience almost forty years ago, these findings just makes so much sense. I bucked and struggled against the authority of most female teachers and still have a highly cynical disregard for most of them. One or two recognised and nurtured my inate capabilities and to them I am truly thankful.
Arnold Ward, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
So. Another psychologist who appears to be an expert on just about everything. There's too much of "I believe" in all this to make it credible.
I guess this is another of those "publish or perish" statements.
Evidence! That's what's needed. Not armchair philosophy.
richard, bangkok,
The education system started for boys only. till the 18th century when people who could afford it sent their girls to private seminaries. The majority of the population were schooled from the late 18th century in an open classroom mixing the sexes and the age groups. Why blame the politicians - at least they provided schooling for the masses and few of us of have experience of single sex schools.
Anne Hood, Bridport, Dorset
Another aspect of mixed classes which has been overlooked in this article lies in the competetiivness of boys to impress the girls even at a young age. Boys are not only easily distracted by the pretty girls in the class but they are also competing with the other boys to be noticed by them - just look at male displaying behaviour throughout the animal kingdom. I believe it's true that boys will learn better without these distractions - and, probably girls would as well. Also, with female teachers outnumbering males, young boys are starved of good role models who promote education in their daliy lives. All this on top of differing learning styles means that neither sex is getting a fair shake.
James, Nottingham,
Rubbish!
Boys suffer from the effects of extreme feminism and misguided âequalityâ issues. They believe that they are pushed aside when they are better at something (usually physical) so that an equal number of girls can participate. At school there are special rules for girls, extra considerations for girls, positive discrimination and quotas, and yes, blatant favouritism for girls. They are singled out by the news media for special treatment when they achieve something that men have been doing for years. Whatever they achieve is not celebrated at the same level. They are even viewed with suspicion in some occupations, primary school teachers, social workers, even nursing.
I was educated in a boysâ school and later became a teacher. I saw the effects of a boring curriculum, taught with little imagination and inadequate resources. Boys thrive on excitement, on challenge, on "doing stuff" girls are passive learners.
This has nothing to do with hearing and seeing differences.
R Bingham, Lauzun, France
Sax is telling us what we knew in Great Britain 60 years ago. Our education system was developed based on the boy's and girl's schools. You only have to honestly analyze the results of that system to know that it was the best way forward. It was only when the politicians put their sticky fingers into the pie that they made a hash of it. It now takes an American to tell us what we are doing wrong.
Peter, Thailand
Peter Beales, Chiangmai, Thailand
Whatever Sax says, boys are better at non-verbal than verbal skills in comparison with girls and some of his perceived differences are simply nit-picking. The reason that girls are now doing better than boys is simply that the curriculum has become effeminised. Boys are also more competitive than girls and require that stimulus to maintain interest. There have been two major regressions in education, namely teaching the sexes together beyond the elementary level and teaching those of different abilities together. Until this is reversed, boys will not prosper and the teaching profession will fail to attract and retain the male maths and science graduates it requires to ensure the future survival of this country as a first world country.
John G, Bromley,
I think he makes a lot of sense. It would be good if the curriculum was changed as I found primary school unstimulating - I think it's mainly designed by females with females in mind (not necessarily in a bad way, just thinking to themselves what they'd find of interest).
I would probably have turned off school only I was so good at maths (went on to study it in university). But some guys who were probably at least as bright as me never again got focused on school and ended up underperforming.
Tom, Dublin,
Thank heavens somebody is finally picking up on this. When my son was in 6th Form at secondary school, 10 out of his 12 regular teachers were women and he completely spat the dummy, to the extent that he simply refused to return to his school. Fortunately, I was in a financial position to write that year off and transfer him to an excellent private school in the UK, where he was immediately physically and mentally engaged, going from strength to strength. He is now doing extremely well at a leading university.
His fellow male students at the original school were not so lucky.
I know that this letter will probably precipitate a deluge of contradictory evidence. Sorry about that and also sorry that I am withholding my name, which I do not normally do, for reasons that must be obvious.
Name & Address Supplied, Shenzhen,