Alexandra Frean, Education Editor
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Parents stand accused today of exploiting examination rules for pupils with learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, to secure extra time for writing their GCSEs and A levels.
Figures published today by the exams regulator show a 43 per cent increase in the number of GCSE and A-level exam papers in which pupils were awarded extra time or given additional help, such as an adult assistant to read out questions to them and write down their answers.
Last year exam boards approved such arrangements for 150,173 GCSE and A-level exams taken in England, up from 104,907 in 2005. A further 92,000 arrangements were agreed by schools, more than double the number in 2005.
Ken Boston, chief executive of the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, questioned whether the arrangements might be giving some pupils an unfair advantage.
“We need to monitor the situation closely to ensure that the system remains fair for all learners,” he said.
A number of experts agreed yesterday that the rules were open to abuse. Tom Burkard, a research fellow at the Centre for Policy Studies and director of the Promethean Trust, a charity for dyslexic children, said that many middle-class parents were exploiting the system to gain an unfair advantage for their children.
“Schools are under great pressure not to give students extra time in exams. When they do, it’s usually the result of pressure from middle-class parents,” he said.
Mr Burkard, author of Inside the Secret Garden: The Progressive Decay of Liberal Education, said that the existing system was unfair to children who were not given extra time or support.
“How can you possibly be fair in saying objectively whether a child should have extra time? It just makes the system into even more of a lottery if middle-class children are getting more time,” he said. While the push for extra time in state schools was coming from parents, in the independent sector the schools were driving it, he suggested, particularly outside London and the South East, where competition for pupils was intense.
Richard Cairns, headmaster of Brighton College, said that it was an open secret in the sector. “There are always rumours of schools that have a much higher proportion of pupils with learning support needs than you would expect from their profile,” he said.
Another head of a leading independent school said that he knew of a rival school where 29 per cent of GCSE pupils were given extra time or support. “Their kids were just as bright as ours, but we had only 6 per cent,” he said.
Kate Griggs, of Xtraordinary People, a dyslexia charity, said that having extra time to complete an exam could be of critical importance to children with dyslexia, who often take longer to process information that they have read, as well as those with dyspraxia, who may require more time than other pupils to write. She added: “With any system there are always going to be some people who bend the rules.”
Shirley Cramer, of the charity Dyslexia Action, also accepted that the system was open to abuse. She called for procedures to be tightened at the Joint Council for Qualifications (JCQ), which represents the exam boards. While schools had to provide the exam boards with documentary evidence that an individual pupil qualified for extra support, there was no external quality assurance system in place for monitoring that evidence, she said.
She added that the sharp increase in pupils getting extra exam support could simply be the result of better identification of conditions such as dyslexia.
Under JCQ rules designed to ensure a level playing field for all exam candidates, schools and colleges can decide to allow students up to 25 per cent extra time – 45 minutes more on a three-hour paper – to sit an exam.
If any more extra time is needed it must be approved by the exam board.
Candidates must produce a statement from a qualified psychologist confirming their learning disability.
Students with attention deficit disorder can have an adult “prompter”, whose job is to tap on the desk or on candidates’ arms to remind them to pay attention to the exam.
Extra time can also be granted to blind candidates using Braille or those affected by temporary illness or injury.
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I think the extra time is essential in some A-level exams where it is a struggle to finish the paper for people who don't suffer from dyslexia or dyspraxia, but if the system is abused and candidates who have no conditions are allowed extra time, then that gives them a serious, and unfair advantage.
T. Mentre, London, England
I suggest that more time and money should be spent on supporting multi-sensory, disability friendly teaching and less on accusing parents who are probably genuinely concerned about their children's education given the state of the mainstream education system.
As extra time does not give students the answers to the questions set in exams and merely serves to make up for the pupils' processing difference, is this debate and review really necessary when there are bigger fish to fry.
Suzanne , Nottingham, England
It would be good if some of the time and money spent 'helping' older dyslexic students in this way, and with DSA allowances at university, were spent on helping 5-7 year olds showing signs of dyslexia. No, it does not go away but, with the right input, many children can be taught to overcome their difficulties and with individual input they might not need access arrangements in exams later. More importantly, perhaps we could prevent some of these frustrated and damaged children from dropping out of school in their teens and often becoming a crime statistic. I'm a specialist teacher who spends too much time writing reports for extra time in exams and not enough working with kids!
Julie , Buckingham, UK
This exploitation has been going on in private schools for years! I remember years ago my daughter (private girl school)coming back home fr school and telling me that she was puzzled as to why a number of her classmates were given extra 20 mins during their 11+ exam because of some medical conditions. She had been in school with them since age 5+ and had never known them to have any reading or writing difficulties. Coincidentally many of these girls have parents in the medical profession!
Josephine P, middlessex,
What's the problem? None of these qualifications are worth a carrot. Kids with Phd's can't get decently paid jobs with some form of prospects. Cheating is becoming endemic within the education system both on the part of parents and schools. These exams now mean very, very little to the academic world, they know exactly what's going on.
judy, Liverpool, England
Surely having an A level should mean a certain level of ability in that subject. If extra time is needed that level has not been reached. Shouldn't employers/universities know that extra time/help has been given?
maggiemay, oban,
Isnt the truth that better schools are more likely to uncover learning difficulties such as dsylexia, which qualify a student for more time in exams?
What these 'rumours' show more than anything is that state schools are falling further and further behind under this Labour government.
Peter, newquay,
It is not the affluence of middle class parents that gains the priveleges, but their greater awarenss of their children's needs and their determination to exploit the situation.
Terence Kay, Angmering, United Kingdom
It would seem to me that Dyslexia and other 'learning disabilities have been pushed to the fore, mostly as an excuse for fallingstandards and exceptionally bad behaviour.
Also, I suspect that that a clinical cause for misbehaviour in school has been sought by professionals eager to find reasons for the continuing faliure of state education despite the plethora of their edicts being handed down within the system.
The truth is that education is failing in Britain because of the failure to impose discipline (especially the withdrawal of corporal punishment as a deterrent to errant behaviour).
When Labour and their limpet-like professionals finally receive the sack they should be replaced by non-professionals who are interested to see their children and those of others - succeed/
What odds will someone give me? Do I hear 100 to 1?
Edwin, Bucharest,
The other side of the coin is the distress and persistent bullying that can accompany a condition like dyspraxia - which is often not picked up by teachers who think simply think the child is not trying. Diagnosis of this condition has been relatively recent, and it can show up very clearly in two particular aspects of the standard IQ test where the child scores significantly worse than in the other components. My son has dyspraxia and it has been a nightmare - people who make comments like Jason Kennedy have no idea what's involved. To get the extra time or keyboard use is dependent on a detailed assessment by an educational psychologist - I don't see how it is possible to "abuse" the system if you have to be assessed by an expert.
Suzie Joseph, Sevenoaks,
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