Nicola Woolcock
Download 'Too Hot', an exclusive Specials track from iTunes
A “lost generation” of mathematicians has cost the economy £9 billion, while GCSE maths has become a “pick ‘n’ mix” test rather than the key staging post it once was, according to a report.
The decline in standards threatens the future of the economy, say the authors, and is having a devastating impact on the City, with some firms recruiting most of their maths graduates from overseas.
The report, by the Reform think-tank, accuses the Government of marginalising the interests of employers, teachers and students. It claims that ministers are focusing on exam results, rather than educational outcomes, and are trying to get pupils to pass any five GCSEs to meet targets, rather than concentrating on the core subjects of English and maths.
A culture shift is needed so that people no longer boast about their lack of maths skills but are instead embarrassed, the authors say. “The UK remains one of the few advanced nations where it is socially acceptable, fashionable even, to profess an inability to cope with maths,” they add. “Society needs to build on its new interest in maths-based puzzles such as Su Doku to expel the myths about maths and change the image of the subject from geek to chic.”
Holders of an A level in maths earn, on average, 10 per cent more, or £136,000, over a lifetime than those without it, Reform claims. About 440,000 people have been put off taking A-level maths since 1989, at a cost to the economy of £9 billion.
Explaining this downturn, the report said: “Concerns over poor teaching in the 1970s led to a massive extension of government involvement in the subject since the mid-1980s.
“The unintended consequence has been demotivation of teachers, less enjoyment on the part of students and the distancing of employers and universities from education policy.” The highest maths achievers are “at the pinnacle of the City hierarchy, making them the new ‘masters of the Universe’ ”, the report said, but these are increasingly recruited abroad. China and India are producing hundreds of thousands of science and maths graduates each year.
Maths exams are much easier now than 30 years ago, Reform says, because of efforts to make them more relevant to the workplace. This means that children are not being taught key skills such as problem solving. As a result, it is “now possible to achieve a grade C in GCSE maths having almost no conceptual knowledge of mathematics” and by scoring less than 20 per cent in the top paper.
“A coherent discipline has changed to ‘pick ‘n’ mix’, with pupils being trained to answer specific shallow questions on a range of topics where marks can be most easily harvested.”
The report calls for independence of the examination system and a reversal of the trend towards modularisation.
David Laws, the Liberal Democrat Shadow Schools Secretary, said: “Our education system is too often failing to get the basics right, which risks damaging the national economy.”
Jim Knight, the Schools Minister, said: “GCSE and A-level maths are rigorous qualifications. Standards are carefully monitored by a watchdog, which is independent of ministers, and they tell us maths is a nationally important priority.”

Win a luxury weekend to Newcastle and its neighbour Gateshead, find out more here
Risk, resilience and embracing new technology
Industry sectors news at a glance. Interactive heatmap, video and podcast
Discover the power of collective thinking. Submit a solution and be in with a chance to win a Media Hub Home Entertainment System
The inside track on current trends in the charity, not for profit and social enterprise sectors
Everything the Business Traveller needs to know to make a better trip
Make the most of the summer and enter our fabulous photographic competition, you could win a £5000 holiday
Corsica is an island of beauty and contrast, an ideal holiday destination
Enjoy further reading from Travel to Fashion, Business to Sport, discover more
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
The clever way to lease a new car is with Car leasing made simple™
2009
per month on 36-month
Personal Contract Hire (PCH)
2008
42850
Car Insurance
£24,250 - £30,346
MI5
London
£60,000
The Environment Agency
Bristol
Up to £90K
Boots
Midlands
OTE £85k
Credit Protection Association
Nationwide Opportunities
Completely London
Luxury Condo's in Manhattan with NYC views
The best new homes in Wimbledon?
Nationwide
Fabulous Cruise And Cruise & Stay Offers Including Virgin Atlantic Flights Prices Start From Only £699pp!
Last Minute Cruise And Cruise & Stay Offers. Med From £499pp, Caribbean From £699pp!
5 star quality at a 3 star price.
8 fabulous Canadian cities ...you won’t find cheaper
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times, or place your advertisement.
Times Online Services: Dating | Jobs | Property Search | Used Cars | Holidays | Births, Marriages, Deaths | Subscriptions | E-paper
News International associated websites: Globrix Property Search | Property Finder | Milkround
Copyright 2009 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
When I have children I'll choose their subjects for them.
I am worried though that by that time there won't be anything useful to choose from.
Hettie, edinburgh/budapest, UK/Hungary
I have just finished my maths GCSE and have no intention in carrying it on to A-level. I've struggled with maths for as long as I can remember but am still predicted an A. I may not be good at maths, but I can spot stereotypes when I see one. Who here could get 100% in the maths papers we just did?
Natalie, London,
For those who think it's cool to be innumerate, I wonder how cool they'll think it is when they get cheated on change for a purchase, but because they can't figure out how much they should be getting back, they don't even realize they're being cheated. Sounds like an open invitation for crooks.
Robert, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Of course maths at 16 is getting easier! The one from the 50s took a few minutes to write out all the steps to a solution but the recent one about finding the volume of a hemisphere could be done in one's head. Maths exams are getting easier and top universities understandably want their own tests!
Philip L. J. Barton, Exeter, Devon
When is the government going to stop its disgraceful complacency? The exams are easy. They don't fool anyone any more.
Oliver Chettle, Bedford,
Maths is important because it is all about understanding and solving problems. Those taught about numbers in a fun way as a young child, find maths easy later in life.
Those that don't stimulate their brain neurons early in life struggle later, so exams have to be dumbed down or most would fail.
Sam Redman, London, UK
What gets rewarded gets done.
Knowledge of mathematics or science are not rewarded as much as knowledge of sales or law.
The English speaking world pays major attention to the Oscars, BAFTAs, cup finals, but largely ignores the Nobel Prizes and whatever prizes there are for engineering.
Keith S, Winnipeg, Canada
Some autistic people are good at maths. True. Therefore all people who are good at maths are autistic. False. A basic error of logic which could be avoided if maths (which is not just arithmetic, another common misconception) were better taught in this country.
Martin, Newmarket, Suffolk
I did my one of my AS maths papers yesterday and im taking up further maths next year as well.I used to hate maths and adopt a can't do approach, then my teacher would embarass me asking me loads of questions in class that i couldn't answer so i stepped up to the challenge.
How things soon changed!
Phoebe, Manchester,
I passed with a C five years ago, having taken the Higher paper because i was in the highest set for Maths all through secondary school. I struggled massively, and only passed for that higher paper- as you can't be awarded a D. Even now i couldn't tell you my times tables...
Rebecca, Crewe,
Speaking as one who took a GCSE maths paper last summer, may I point out that to gain a 'C' grade at GCSE maths, you need to score 50% (at least on a Higher Tier GCSE paper)?
I would also like to know how Reform came to the figure of 440,000 people being put off A-level maths since 1989
Daniel Tor, Stratford-upon-Avon, England
I did Maths A level and I can't say it helped me get a job. I got a job because I can write. The only maths I do is counting my daily calorie intake! As much as I enjoy Algebra, if I had any spare time (which I don't) I'd do it. I'm not saying it's not important, but everything is a drama these days
Seetal Udeshi, London, UK, UK
There seems to be a common confusion between "mathematics" and "sums". Real mathematics is based on calculus: anything less is just sums. People who talk about "doing the maths" are usually rather over-stating their ability.
Alan, Amersham,
How do you support the quote 'about 440,00 people have been put off taking A-level maths since 1989'? Seems like a quite a statement.
A bit like saying 440,00 people have been put off reading this comment since 1 o'clock- doesn't seem overly likely..does it?
NM, London,
To be good at maths, you have to be Autistic/Asperger's. It's pointless trying to force 'normal' people to learn maths at any level above the very basic because they just don't have the brain wiring for that.
In this country, they do not support people with Autism - they abandon or bully them.
Roza, Birmingham, UK
Steady reduction in standards over 50 years? Definitely. Don't forget that the candidates in the 1970 and 2000 GCEs would have been given a formula sheet in the exam. Those sitting in earlier years had to memorise all the formulae. In 2000, the candidates could use a calculator.
Leon, London,
It is getting easier, I am imnumerate and yet I find my 12-year old daughter's maths do-able. As for the Sudoko thing, teh music shop near me sells books of Suduko based on musical notation. All good logical training.
Sue R, London, England
I achieved a maths degree at the highest level, and after eight years of training off and on, in maths and computing, it never did me any good financially.
Too many brag in inability to do maths, children will see their success and adopt them as role models.
Stephen John Davis, Burton-on-Trent, england
I have recently started tutoring maths at GCSE level and set two of my pupils a question similar to the June 2000 one printed today. I was astounded that neither could attempt it as they had no idea what a hemisphere was!
Janet Cox, Lichfield,
With a BBC presenter who knows little about maths earning a chunk of money and a GCSE loser guaranteed with minimum wage and incomes, who cares about maths and scinece?
Jason, Oxford,
Being a retired Maths teacher I agree completely that standards have gone down a lot. It was always depressing to face a new class of 13 year olds and find they could not do the simplest calculations. My son who has a Master's in Maths/Physics has been unable to find a job in 12 months of trying.
Colm Hand, Frome, Somerset
Could it be that students are choosing easier subjects to get them self into university. University appears to many as a party and so just try get there for the fun, they never see the education side. Look at the number of university drop outs every year, especially in science/maths based subjects.
Chris, Soton, UK
If you are looking to encourage maths, why not split the subject into "Numeracy" and "Mathematics". Students who want to become a nurse (say) can ignore the side of mathematics that will not benefit their career. Those who choose say engineering will take the mathematics side of the subject?
Steve, Sheffield, England
When i did my maths A Level we used to dread being given past papers from the '60s to do, as they were clearly much harder than the modern papers. That was over a decade ago so I wonder what they're like now...
Chris Allen, London, UK
Our dumbed down egalitarian state school system focuses on quantity, not quality. It's better to produce a million D's in soft subjects than it is to achieve a half million A's in hard ones. At least then we will be able to compete with Polish plumbers, if not Chinese and Indian mathematicians.
Alan Gooch, Honiton,
DO NOT publish articles about show-business or football wanabee's - the umpteenth useless singer croaking further nonsense to pollute our ears.
Keep plugging the message about the sexiness and prestige of engineering, science and mathematics.
France does and its Grande Ecoles are world class.
Peter Athey, Paris,
I've taught A Level Maths for 25 years. I don't care what any Government minister says about standards I can tell you the amount of knowledge of mathamatical techniques and ability to reason that is required to pass Maths A level today is about 50% of what would have been required 25 years ago.
Charles , Croydon,
Education like everything else has been 'dumbed down' in this country, which is not surprising when you have a nanny micro managing government running the show.
The voluntary 'do it if you want to' attitude sucks!
SRB, Abergele, UK
Well, there is the problem, right there:
"Standards are carefully monitored by a watchdog"
Surely standards should be monitored by humans? As ever, the Government fails to understand education, seeing it as something to be measured rather than something to be achieved.
Kidd Garrett, Bristol, UK
The worst part is, those who are doing well in Maths are unable to apply the formulas to practical subjects.
David, London,
The answer to this problem lies in internet social networks. The Nerdfighter movement on YouTube affirms intelligence in all things including maths and computing and gives teenagers a chance to seek social validation somewhere other than school. Surely this is just what we need?
Zoya, Cambridge,
getting everyone 'into' university is a well recognised function of social engineering (control). Without the 'university' function, there would be mass unemployment and youth anarchy.
I feel desperately sorry for teachers, they have an impossible job; they have become 'admin/policing' servants.
Andre Tooth, Rippon, Yorkshire
Is maths really that important? I didn't get a good job because of maths - I got it because of one of the 5 languages I speak: English. And because I am good in programming. Today, I don't need algebra, probability calculations etc. ... just the odd calculation on my VAT return.
Markus, London, UK
I am an accounting technician and standards of pay for such a position and similar in my region are fairly poor.
I shall be steering my children into the world of local government instead. Money for old rope.
Louise Hardy, Mirfield, England
The standard of maths in schools has gone down in this country. It is an outright lie for the Schools Minister to say that A-levels and GCSEs are rigorous examinations. In 2006 the A-level maths content was reduced by quarter, and every module can be re-sat numerous times.
Emma, London,
Teenagers are special.
They are also lazy.
They ride in cars - do they wash them?
Many withdraw to their own room, TV, computer - do they help with housework?
At school they choose easy subjects - maths and science are hard.
They hide behind a mask of cool.
Change the culture starting at home
R Bingham, Lauzun, France
My impression is the government simply makes everything easier for the students so that more people could get into the universities. This is certainly a bad move consider the quality of education is dropping like mad! I would not solely rely on the education system which is in such a poor state.
sm, edinburgh, UK
AH's comment on Sudoku misses the point. It is not the symbols that matter - it is exploring the relationship between them that makes it like maths. As a mathematician I think Killer Sudoku is an excellent training ground for someone to develop logical thinking skills.
Richard, Gerrards Cross, England
Surely the financial crisis is a result of mathematicians. The crisis is a result of too much not too little maths.
Eddie Reader, birmingham, england
I passed maths in 2007 after 28 yrs. So if one is determined enough, one will do it.
ian payne, walsall,
In developing countries the populace strive to get a good education. They want to get on.
In this country we despise the hard subjects like maths and engineering. The world owes us a living as we enjoy our priveledged position.
Wullie, luss, scotland
It's not the teaching, it's cultural. Children are more socially aware than they were 20 years ago. It's distinctly uncool (in the UK) to be a kid good at maths - or worse, science or computers. This is a major UK failing. Compare US, Euro, Asia where geeks are billionaires or in goverment.
CM, London, UK
Other than pattern recognition, Sudoku has nothing to do with mathematics. The digits, as easily recognized symbols, are merely a convenience. Any other set of nine symbols could be used.
Alan Hopkinson, Santa Barbara, USA
Jim Knight says: "and they tell us maths is a nationally important priority.
What does this add to the debate?
Pupils have got to be encouraged to do the "hard" subjects, otherwise our economy will have to rely on people from overseas who have the necessary ability in mathematics to do key jobs.
Des, Edinburgh,