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UNIVERSITY academics claim they are under pressure to upgrade degrees to at least a 2:1 to boost their institutions’ position in league tables.
Liverpool was named as one of the alleged culprits by one leading academic, while another senior don claims league tables were “a key factor” in increasing the numbers of firsts and 2:1s awarded at one of Britain’s top 10 universities.
Other lecturers said they were also coming under strong pressure to upgrade degrees from students paying tuition fees who were worried that their career prospects would be blighted if they failed to achieve a 2:1.
Jonathan Bate, professor of English at Warwick University, said that before he left his previous job at Liverpool in 2003 he was told that improving the university’s league table position depended on increasing the number of firsts and upper second class degrees awarded.
In The Sunday Times University Guide league table about 10% of a university’s score depends on its proportion of top degrees. Rankings can have a strong effect on, for example, the calibre of applicants to universities.
Bate, speaking in today’s News Review, says: “There are universities where instructions go round to staff reminding them that awarding more top-class degrees will push their institution up both the national and international league tables. When I was a professor at Liverpool University heads of departments were given exactly this message.”
Universities have complained repeatedly about “grade inflation” at A-level making it increasingly difficult to choose between candidates with three As, but new figures show that the same phenomenon has occurred with degrees.
At Liverpool the proportion of firsts and 2:1s has risen from 50% to 73% during the past decade. Since 2000, the university’s ranking has risen from 35th to 27th.
In the past decade only one of the top 30 universities – Cambridge – has reduced the proportion of firsts and 2:1s.
Liverpool University denied pressure had been exerted to lower marking standards. Bill Rammell, the higher education minister, has warned universities against introducing “tests for tests’ sake” in case they harm the prospects of pupils from poor schools.
Additional reporting: Alastair McCall, Tara Austin
Marking up % increase in number of students awarded firsts or 2:1s, 1999-2006*
Liverpool 23%
Sussex 22%
Southampton 17%
Durham 14%
Leicester 13%
Loughborough 11% Sheffield 11%
*Among top 30 in Sunday Times University Guide

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Exactly whom does this cheating benefit?
Students who fail later in their career, universities lowering academic standards even further or the general culture which is becoming ever more coarse. When we are all in the sewer - what then? Who will we blame - moral cowardice strikes yet again!
John Nutt, Taunton, England
I have seen 3 B's at A level (which I gained 25 years ago) undermined from good to mediocre. I hope I will not see my 2:1 in law from UCL undermined in the same way.
In my year (1987) out of over 110, only three got 1sts and less than a third got 2:1s. That is the way it should be.
Phil Bailey, shrewsbury, UK
A persons degree classification is not the only thing that employers look at, so they are not worthless. I think a degree shows someones wilingness to continue in education and better themselves. Many companies have assessment centres for applicants in which they can pick out the best applicants.
Jimmy, London,
The OU requires students to get 85% or more to get a grade 1 for each course,you will generally need mostly grade 1's to get a 1st class degree. Thus if you want academic rigour albeit at a much lower cost than a conventional uni or college then I would recommend it.
R Daggett, Gateshead, England
There is no such thing as intellectual equality. some are bright some are not and awarding both a "degree" does not differentiate. If students pay for their tuition they become customers and believe they have a right to challenge the goods they have been sold. Just airm for Oxbridge.
jane, Whittlesey, UK
The current degree classification is already recognised as no longer fit for purpose and will be overhauled in 2010, apparantly. Twenty years ago, a desmond was actually the most common result ! Nowadays its a euphemism for "'fail'. Welcome to the new classification system : first, 2.1 and fail !
Jack Waller, london, uk
The degree classification has been recognised for some time as no longer being fit for purpose, apparantly. 20 years ago, a desmond was the most common result and still constituted an "achievement". Now its a euphemism for fail. Welcome to the new classification system : first, 2.1 and fail !
Jack Waller, london, uk
The solution is simple. Construct educational league tables (all of them, not just universities') according not to increasingly arbitrary grades, but according to the average salary earned by their alumni, say, five years after graduating.
Ian Kemmish, Biggleswade, UK
There is a simple solution: tell all universities to award the same proportion of each class of degree. Eg the top 20% of each university's students get 1sts, 50% get 2.1s etc. The same would work for A-levels, although they would probably be marked nationally and not school-by-school.
Rowan, Oxford,
I feel sorry for the intelligent students at university, as everyone will soon be tarred with the same brush of 'degrees are too easy'. Until the government accept not every student is as intelligent as the next, it will just get worse.
Arthur, Newcastle,
This is not good for students at all. It means that their degree certificate is going to become even more worthless. Employers and other higher education institutions are less able to make meaningful decisions based on the awarded class. This is a slide in the integrity of academia, very bad news
Kevin, Sandown, England
My goodness! I did not think that "so What" Balls' policy of downgrading GCEs and A levels had been taken up by Universities. However, some years ago I know that Universities were under pressure to pass at least 85% of degree candidates
M. Cawdery, ramone, Co. UK, EU.
Another sign of decay & dying ethics of the British Education system. The end product is not fit for purpose, but the illusion and delusion reaches ever higher levels. Lowering standards,with no intention to achieve them. Rubbish in Rubbish out. The benchmark sets levels in life & industries In UK.
alexander, victoria,
Why doesn't the Government just offer degrees for sale? Some would cost the earth and some could be sold for a rock bottom price, say £20. Each month a degree could be given away free in a popular breakfast cereal.
stan, croydon,
Surely this is good for Students.lol
I hope my university is doing this
charlie, london,