Valerie Elliott, Consumer Editor
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Young children and babies are routinely being given medicines containing artificial dyes, sweeteners and preservatives that are banned from food and drink for the under 3s.
Research carried out by the Food Commission has found that just one of 41 medications intended for children was free of additives, while many contained a cocktail of colourings, sweeteners and preservatives that can trigger allergic reactions such as rashes, eye irritation, stomach upsets and diarrhoea.
Many brands examined in the study by the commission, which campaigns for food safety, are commonly found in family medicine cupboards.
The researchers said that, while some additives were needed to help children to take unpalatable medicines, the quantity of substances banned for use in food and drink for the under 3s raised concerns. They called for warnings on all medications that could trigger allergic reactions.
One example was azo dye colourings, in Anbesol teething gel, Buttercup infant cough syrup, Calpol Paracetamol, Sudafed Children’s Syrup and Superdrug Children’s Chesty Cough Syrup.
Sweeteners were found in 37 products and two — Morrisons Junior Paracetamol and Superdrug Junior Paracetamol Suspension — intended for babies over 3 months contained a mixture of four sweeteners, some of which can have a laxative effect in high doses.
Preservatives such as benzoates, listed in ingredients as E210 to E219, were found in 31products. Tyxilix Night Cough Syrup, for toddlers aged 1 and over, included both a benzoate and a sulphite preservative.
This did at least give warning in the small print that “Sulphite may rarely cause hypersensitivity reactions and bronchospasms [contraction of the air-ways].”
The only medication that did not contain additives was Superdrug’s dry cough syrup for children aged 1 and over.
Ian Tokelove, spokesman for the commission, called on the pharmaceutical companies to clean up their act. He urged them to follow the example of sweets manufacturers, who use natural colourings such as beetroot and beta-carotene instead of azo dyes.
“While many children will be able to consume these products safely, there will be those who will suffer allergic reactions to these additives,” he said.
“We believe that colourings and artificial sweeteners can be replaced with natural alternatives and the use of preservatives should be rigorously questioned.” Use of the additives was defended by the Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), which said that sweeteners and bright colours helped children to take medicine. It said that rules were less strict than on food and drink because medicines were not consumed every day.
A spokesman for Calpol, owned by Johnson & Johnson and Britain’s bestselling children’s medicine, also defended the use of additives. “Ensuring children take their medicine is important to parents,” he said. “Preservatives are used to ensure the medicines do not lose their purity.
“The ingredients contained within children’s medicines are clearly labelled on the packaging to enable parents to make an informed choice about the medicine they administer to their child.”
Richard Watts, children’s food and health campaigner at Sustain, said that the findings showed the need for strong scrutiny of the sector. “This is a very interesting survey which suggests a concerning potential loophole in the law,” he added.
Medicines with additives
Children’s medicines said by the Food Commission to contain at least one colouring, preservative, sweetener or flavouring banned in food and drink for the under3s:
Anbesol teething gel Beecham’s Veno’s for kids chesty cough syrup 2yrs plus
Benadryl allergy oral solution 2yrs plus Benylin children’s tickly coughs 3mths plus
Benylin children’s coughs and colds 1-12yrs Benylin children’s chesty coughs 1-12yrs
Benylin children’s dry coughs 1-12yrs Benylin children’s night coughs 1-12yrs
Boots dry cough syrup 1yr plus Boots Night Time Cough Syrup 1yr plus
Boots Pain Relief 3mths plus Boots Pain Relief
Paracetamol Suspension 3mths plus Bonjela teething gel
Buttercup infant cough syrup 2yrs plus Calgel teething gel 3mths plus
Calpol paracetamol 2mths plus Calprofen Ibuprofen 6mths plus
Cuprofen for children (Ibuprofen) 6mths plus Dentinox teething gel
Disprol paracetamol suspension 3mths plus Infacol colic treatment from birth
Medinol under6 paracetamol 3mths plus Medised pain and fever relief 3mths plus
Meltus chesty coughs 1yr plus Meltus baby cough linctus 3mths plus
Meltus dry coughs 2yrs plus Morrissons junior paracetamol 3mths plus
Nurofen for children 3mths plus Piriton allergy syrup 1yr plus
Sudafed children’s syrup 2yrs plus Superdrug children’s chesty cough syrup 1yr plus Superdrug Junior Ibuprofen suspension 6mths plus
Superdrug junior paracetamol suspension 3mths plus Tesco children’s ibuprofen 6mths plus
Tixylix baby syrup 3mths plus Tixylix Cough and Cold 1yr plus
Tixylix chesty cough syrup 1yr plus Tixylix dry cough syrup 1yr plus
Tixylix night cough syrup 1yr plus Unichem Junior Ibuprofen Suspension 6mths plus
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Spare a thought too for adults who react badly to colours and some other additives. I recently hurt my shoulder and the strong pain-killers I took had a list of "e" numbers which can cause allergic reactions; in my case severe eczema.
Ray Smith, Arran, Scotland
The pharmeceutical industry seem to able to get away with things that other industries are not. Here is fact for those whose children were vaccinated with DBT, Hib and Polio and MMR before 2002, here is what the vaccines contained Mercury, Aluminium and Formaldehyde. The mercury levels in these vaccines were 30 - 40 times higher than that considered safe for an adult to take. Mercury is high on the list of the most toxic to man, as leading Dr's have said who specialse in toxicity, 'it is one of the most toxic things I know of'', yet vaccines containing a cocktail of toxins were injected into my son in 1998/99 being told it was safe, his reactions to the vaccines were progressively worse and the last one he received caused his arm to dev. a lump the size of a golf ball and he remained in a semi conscious state for a week. barely able to hold his head up. My son is autistic. Additives etc known to be harmful should be replaced with natural ingred,as some allergic reactions can be fatal
Zobeeda, London,
So many medications (prescribed and off-the-shelf) are SUPPRESSANTS. Like a plaster on a cut. Getting to the root of the matter is more effective in the short-run and, more especially, in the long run, to prevent recurring conditions.
I breast-fed both my children, and give them homeopathic medicine. For a high-temperature, for example, I don't SUPPRESS it (until it gets very high) simply because the body is CREATING the high fever IN ORDER TO kill the extremely temperature-sensitive virus that has taken hold. If you lower the body temperature with Calpol (for e.g.) you reduce the body's ability to destroy the germs. By taking Aconite [for e.g.] for fever you don't interfere with the body's natural process, but the discomfort is reduced.
Also, my daughter started getting hayfever 2 years ago. I went to the homeopathic pharmacy and after 1 pill and eye drops (just three times over the following 3 months), she didn't even need treatment this year at all.
Well worth it.
Mandy, Sussex,
I have a hard time with my daughter and E numbers. She is 4 now but hasn't taken calpol or cough mixtures since she was 2 otherwise she would be hyper active and v. aggressive. i found out for myself disprol soluble for children (add juice if needed) works but they have no nurofen equiv. We couldnt complete the last days antibiotics as here aggression was beyond control, i hav just moved and my new doctor has said if needed she can have ANTIBIOTIC capsules tipped out in her yoghurt (sense at last). She also suffers terribly with itching and has had antihistimines since she was 2 but at first she started on the syrup, awful E numbers and side effects. Eventually just turned 3 was prescribes half a ZIRTEK tab every day, it has made a difference. Then there is food drinks and sweets aaah. Plain choc only has 1 e number Fab ice creams hav natural colourings (beetroot etc) and never drink fizzy drinks. Companies disgust me but its time the government took action.
emma mccabe, staffs, england
as a grandmother of a 3yr old girl with asthma, eczema and hives, i was appalled to read the ingredients of the medicines given to her by the family doctor who knows full well that she reacts to colourings and preservatives !!!! what can you do when she is scratching herself hysterically and drawing blood!!!!!! she is now reacting to pollens in the area and guess what Piriton contains!!!!!! does anyone know if there are any natural medicines or organic remedies that we can use,,,,,,,,
mrs jean powell, hodnet, shropshire
Niki from Burton-on-Trent - I was lucky & could breastfeed too, exclusively, and for what most would consider a very long time. Whether "breast-fed children get sick less" is not necessarily the point. When they DO, they may well need medication and it is reasonable to expect that this medication will be subject to the very strictest of guidelines, given the fragile age and immature immune systems of those receiving it. Of course parents should be advised on the obvious benefits of breast-feeding but that doesn't mean it will be the answer to everything. Throughout human history, women have breastfed and babies still got ill, I'm thankful we now have the additional assistance of medications - but let's make sure they ARE a proper assistance by forcing manufacturers to make these medications as best they can be. P.S. Good idea Christine Bartlett (see below)!
Liz, South Brent,
As the mother of a hyperactive 5 year old boy, who is also asthmatic, I have totally changed his diet and have found a marked improvement in his behaviour and his asthma. That is until he has an attack and then i have the dialema, go to the doctor and get prescibed anti biotics that contain so many artificail colourings and flavourings( that he no longer gets, and that are known to agrivate asthma and cause hyper activity!) that causes him to get excitable, the last thing we need when he is struggling to breath anyway. my local doctors have tried to find antibiotics that are are free from these E numbers but with no success and don't know what to suggest now. I am now waiting on a referral to the hospital and see if they have any answers .
Glynis Gogolinski, Inverbervie,
As a long-term breastfeeding mother, I have rarely used any fever-reducing (or cough) medicines as I know that the very best thing for my children when they're ill is breastmilk. Because it is a dynamic food, it contains antibodies made by me in response to their infections; it is easy to digest; contains exactly the same balance of minerals as rehydration fluids; and it is a wonderful source of comfort for a sick child. It's also, of course, free of these sorts of additives. Breastfed children get sick less often than their artificial milk fed peers, a trend which lasts throughout childhood and not just during the breastfeeding period. Should we be telling mothers this as part of helping them make an informed choice on feeding? Of course.
It's also interesting that a lot of the conditions said to be caused by these medicines are also alleged to be due to infant vaccinations (onset of atopic illness, diarrhoea etc). Perhaps it is not the vaccinations at all, but the Calpol?
Niki, Burton on trent, uk
My grandson has had asthma and eczema since he was 6 months old. He is prescribed prednisolone tablets -the water soluble tablets for children are bright luminous pink and make him hyperactive and aggressive. This is not a good idea for an asthmatic child as it defeats the object of keeping him quiet to recover from the attack. I contacted the drug company and had a very terse reply telling me they were not breaking any rules so butt out! On a recent trip to hospital with a very high temperature he was given Medinol which does not contain colourings. Apparently Calpol is not used there any more. The best way to instigate change would be to stop using the offending medicines. This is not easy as an alternative is not always available. I suggest we all ask our pharmacist to obtain alternatives for us and perhaps the message will get back to the drug companies that unless they listen to parents and supply medicines without these additives their profits will fall.
Christine Bartlett, Leicester, UK
I'm a new father, my daughter becomes ill and the solution is to either leave her be and hope for the best or giver her a medicine which potentially could make her worse. Sounds to me that these companies are endangering our childrens lives.
An extreme thought you might say, but what happens if a child does happen to die, is that when the government and the companies say " Oops sorry!".
I don't think they realise that they potentially are risking not only peoples lives but also losing millions of pounds in compensation. I WILL BE LOOKING INTO THIS!!!
steve, warrington, cheshire
So, the Calpol spokesman says ingredients contained within childrens medicines are clearly labelled... to enable parents to make an informed choice. Not really much of a choice if there's "only [one] medication that did not contain additives" and that's a"cough syrup for children aged 1 and over"! What "choice" is there if your child requires a medication that relieves fever before their 1st birthday?! Whether it's post-immunisation temperatures or just the usual colds & flus, under 3s need medication, not just to alleviate the immediate symptoms but to prevent the onset of potentially dangerous febrile convulsions. Obviously because of this, we'll all carry on using these medications but it's seriously disapointing to know that in doing so we may expose our kids to other risks which can't realistically be avoided. If these additives aren't contributiong to the medicinal value of the product, let's see them replaced with approved alternatives!
Liz, South Brent,
my son finley who is 4 gets very hyper and extremely violent if he has sodium benzoate e211 which is in nearly every cough mixture which is very frustrating as it means his cough last extra long and if it turns into an infection i am stuck as it is in all but 1 antibiotic so i definately feel strongly that something should be done about this it is not good enough as the listed side effect for e211 is extreme violence no wonder so many children are out of control now days as some parents may not make the link with this preservative which is in mostly all fizzy dinks and squashes to there childs behaviour.
nicola tuitt, bracknell, berkshire
Parents should be treated like adults and be given adequate information by the so called professionals to make the choice that is right for their families.
If these substances have been banned, then why is the government not doing something to prosecute or fine the companies who are playing russian roulette with our childrens health and wellbeing.
Calpol responded flippantly to my concerns over their use of E122 in their infant suspension, when I contacted them recently about it.
Cassandra, Motherwell, Scotland
Yes, Tony, they're medicines. They are meant to make your child feel better, not give them the runs and make them go *boing*.
Starling, Lancaster, UK
I think it is ridiculous to think that if the ingredients are written on the packaging that parents can make an informed decission on what they give to their children!! How do you expect the majority of parents to even know what these ingredients are, let alone what effects they will have on their loved ones. it is the responsibility of the drug companies to ensure that they provide SAFE MEDICINE for children and the entire population in general, after all medicine is to cure people not be the source of another problem. But then again, it is widely known that what these drug companies are interesed in is the size of their own back pockets not the sick in our society.
Mary Finn, Cork, Ireland
i have spent all of my girls lives giving them natural food, keeping there diet free from additives, colouring and such like only to find that there medication is filled with it, maybe Illich was right with his Iatrogenisis!!
Rachel, Merseyside,
So additives banned from foods are found in some in medicines. So what? The active ingredients of these medicines are certainly not allowed in foods, and are also toxic if overdosed. That is why they are called MEDICINES!
Tony, Welwyn,
Good Research.
This is just another exmaple of how our governments have failed us by rather choosing to support their own interests in big business.
This cannot be incompetence & therefore is a deliberate choice. A natural extension of banned food additives legislation would naturally extend to all ingested products.
For our very souls and those of our chldren, we must rise up now against the perpetrators our out nightmares.
Sally Weeks, London, England