David Rose
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Everyday hazards such as inhaling polluted city air or other people’s cigarette smoke are potentially worse for your health than being exposed to the radioactive fallout of an atomic bomb, according to new research.
A study of radiation exposure caused by the atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 and the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant has suggested that they have posed similar or lower health risks to survivors than the more prevalent problems of air pollution, smoking and obesity.
Moving from Inverness to the more polluted streets of Central London could have worse consequences for your health than choosing to live in the contaminated exclusion zone around Chernobyl, the site of the world’s worst nuclear disaster.
Millions of people were exposed to potentially dangerous levels of radiation when the former Soviet nuclear power plant in what is now Ukraine, exploded on April 26, 1986. But the latest findings suggest that the consequences of radiation exposure suffered by survivors of the incident or the bombs dropped on Japan during the Second World War may be much less damaging than previously thought.
The atomic bomb explosions at Hiroshima and Nagasaki together killed more than 200,000 people from a combination of blast effects, burns and acute radiation sickness.
Estimates suggest that a lifelong smoker might on average lose ten years of life because of the habit, while someone who is severely obese (defined as a body mass index score of more than 40) at 35 might lose four to ten years.
By contrast, atomic bomb survivors who were exposed to high levels of radiation within 1,500 metres of the hypocentre of a blast could expect their lives to be shortened by an average of 2.6 years, according to research published online today in the BioMed Central journal Public Health. All of the risks studied showed a similar, relatively small increase (about 1 per cent) in mortality rates among a given population.
A 1 per cent increased mortality rate due to radiation exposure equates to a risk of approximately 1 in 100 of contracting a fatal cancer in later life.
The increased risk of dying from heart disease caused by passive smoking if you live with a partner who smokes is estimated to be 1.7 per cent. This compares to a 2.8 per cent increased risk of dying from the adverse effects of the higher air pollution in Central London compared with Inverness.
Jim Smith, of the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, who carried out the research, said: “It is well known that radiation can potentially cause fatal cancers in people, even at relatively low doses. But our understandable fear of radiation needs to be placed in the context of other risks we encounter in our daily lives.
“The immediate effects of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs led to approximately 210,000 deaths. However, radiation exposures experienced by the most exposed group of survivors led to an average loss of life expectancy significantly lower than that caused by severe obesity or active smoking.”
Speaking at a briefing in London yesterday, Dr Smith admitted that his calculations were limited, as they excluded wider social and lifestyle factors, which had a much greater potential impact on health.
“Despite high levels of air pollution, people living in Kensington and Chelsea have the highest life expectancy of anyone in the UK.” Dr Smith, who has worked extensively in the Chernobyl exclusion zone, said that the risks of premature death among this group were actually no greater than from being subjected to prolonged passive smoking, or from being obese.
Danger of dying
Average risk of death in any one year from these causes:
1 in 200
Ten cigarettes a day
1 in 300
Heart disease 1 in 400
All cancers
1 in 7,700
Exposure to natural background radiation
1 in 12m
Crash on British airline
Sources: National Radiation Protection Board (Health Protection Agency); Times Database
Risky business
These activities would have the same risk as that for exposure to 1 millisievert of radiation (5 in 100,000 of dying in any year): — Smoking 70 cigarettes (cancer, heart disease)
— Drinking 25 litres of wine (cirrhosis of the liver)
— 50 hours in a coal mine (black lung disease)
— Travelling 300 minutes by canoe (accident)
— Travelling 500 miles by bicycle (accident)
— Travelling 7,500 miles by car (accident)
— Eating 2,000 tablespoons of peanut butter (liver cancer caused by aflatoxin B)
Source: Science journal
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I too have not read the paper fully, but must question a couple of Mr Taylor's statements regarding this 'study'....
No peer review?
From cover sheet of paper:
"Like all articles in BMC journals, this peer-reviewed article was published immediately upon
acceptance."
No empirical work?
The paper is a comparison of the relative risks established in other papers, which, although i haven't read them, I assume to be based on empirical data. I imagine that the peer review that took place would have covered this.
Ed, London, UK
So the polemic for this 'study' was.... I have not done a lot of research, but it sounds good.!! How this man escaped from the Global warming crowd eludes me..If ever someone was qualified, this man is perfect..No empirical work, no peer review, so what, it is a CRISIS.
Desmond Taylor, Houston, USA Texas
Just to note that for those who want to know more about this research, the article itself is "open access" and is available from the journal website, here:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/49/
If you are curious about the underlying data or rationale for the article, thats the best place to look.
Matthew Cockerill, London, UK
Radiation and traffic pollution worse than burning a few leaves whilst smoking?. Ludicrous.
When will the press make public the late Dr Kitty little's report on the link between Diesel fumes and lung cancer?.
Do you need data?, just type the words "Diesel and cancer" into Google and see.
A well known daily made this link in the mid 50's and was laughed off. The same daily protested about lead being introduced in petrol with similar results. Is everyone aware of the damage caused by lead in petrol?, the reasons why it was allowed to be introduced?. It was fairly recently banned (very quietly), but the governments responsible have got away with it.
Ernesto Forchetto, Gijon, Spain
About time the risks of nuclear fallout were put into perspective. We live with risk every day of our lives, what seems to determine our acceptance of that risk is our peceived control of it and our understanding of it.
T Ives, Lancashire, UK
How much more evidence do we need before going ahead with congestion charging in all our cities?
Barry, Wallington, UK
Oh dear, another victim of the nuclear industry's propaganda. Here in the West Country we have the highest concentration of nuclear power in the world. We have six times the national average of leukaemia, double the breast cancer incidence. In Somerset, towns along the coastline across the estuary from Hinkley Point Nuclear power stations have had 40 years of carcinogenic radiation blown across in the air and deposited twice daily along the coast by the tide. We have watched our children, mothers and fathers dying. Radiation is worse than cigarette smoke; you can't see it, smell it, hear it or feel it. You breathe it in, it crosses your lungs into your lymph system and any weakness you have will be the first sign of your poisoning. Read 'Wolves of Water' by Chris Busby from Green Audit Books 2006, Aberystwyth SY23 1DZ, it's all in there.
Jo Brown, Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset
This 'research' uses statistics from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, despite potentially better modern data from Chernobyl.
Why the difference? Because exposure from the A-bombs on Japan was the immediate gamma rays, whereas Chernobyl affects are dominated by fallout polluting the whole environment and foodchains, with exposure determined by bioconcentration and internal radionuclides.
So Chernobyl-related illness is far more extensive and the reality much worse than old-style cancer statistics show. The problem is the pro-nuclear mindset and domination of official bodies via the IAEA etc. who reduce Chernobyl to under a 100 deaths and curable thyroid cancers, when the real numbers are up in hundreds of 1000s.
Max Wallis, Cardiff, Wales
So can we attribute most of the "passive smoking" deaths to inner city air pollution?
A fair point that breathing city smog and fumes is detrimental to your health, but comparing it to radioactive exposure? Personally, I'd rather take my chances with 70 cigarettes than stand 1500m from a nuclear blast. All in all, a better way of spending the money used to do this study would have been to examine what effect the Chernobyl fallout had on the UK- any increase in sterility, cancer, leukemia etc in the age group who where pubescent/ pre-teen in the period 1986-90?
Pete North, manchester,
So as a smoker I am a greater threat than a nuk !
Well its a cheaper alternative than replacing Trident
ray nowak , Norwich, UK
So given the property market today, it makes sense to sell my small flat here in dangerously polluted London and buy most of Chenobyl and live out my extended life there. Does anyone know any estate agents in the Ukraine?
G, London,
Somehow I've missed the point of this article or at least the point suggested by the headline.
There's an lot about the relative merits of being caught in the atomic explosion at Nakasaki. There is something on how Kensington residents have normal life expectancies. A lot about smoking, obesity and alcohol consumption. A single sentence deals with the effects of inner city air pollution - just a statistic with no explanation as to cause.
It concludes with statistics where the layout appears to have gone awry (unclear if the relevant descriptive text is above or below the statistic).
It may just be a very unsuitable headline but even so I'm not sure what an appropriate one might be for this article.
Bob T, London, UK
But it is not just cities that cause the problem. The Government's figures on motorway fall out were that any problem dissipated within two hundred meters. However, they are careful not to state under what conditions of air temperature, moisture levels and wind conditions this may occur. Although motorway pollution may be 'eaten' by nature under current norms environmental conditions generally are changing and may assist motorway pollution to become a greater pollutant, with a preponderance of hot gases in a warmer atmosphere having greater shelf-life. Another problem associated with motorways occurs in town and villages that are on the feeder routes for our major highways, built up areas where building and atmospheric conditions trap gasses and winds are diminished. Additionally, most cars are fuel efficient in the forty to fifty miles an hour bracket and yet with speed bumps, cameras, speed restrictions, ten to thirty is the probable average.
malcolm turner, Alsager, England
Jim Smith's conclusions are known to scientists . Briefly, public perceives exposure to radiation is riskier than exposure to many of the conventional pollutants.This perception is without any solid scientific basis.
While attending the tenth international conference of the International Radiation Protection Association at Hiroshima in 2000, I found many delegates (radiationprotection specialists) making a beeline to the smoking room in between sessions. They inflict cancer on themselves and on passive victims. I worked out that smoking 20 cigarettes a day equals 500mSv per year (annual dose limit now is 20 mSv; nuclear power plant workers are exposed to about 3 mSv)
Dr K. S. Parthasarathy , Mumbai, India
Hello Earth, are there any rational beings still around since our last visit?
Desmond Taylor, Houston, TX