Mark Henderson, Science Editor
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A gene that contributes to obesity has been identified for the first time, promising to explain why some people easily put on weight while others with similar lifestyles stay slim.
People who inherit one version of the FTO gene rather than another are 70 per cent more likely to be obese, British scientists have discovered.
One in six people have the most vulnerable genetic makeup and weigh an average of 3kg more than those with the lowest risk. They also have 15 per cent more body fat.
The findings provide the first robust link between any common gene and obesity, and could eventually lead to new ways of tackling one of the most significant causes of ill health in developed countries such as the UK.
One in four British adults is now classified as obese, and half of men and a third of women are overweight. Obesity is a major cause of heart disease, cancer and type-2 diabetes, and an adviser to the Government’s health spending watchdog described it recently as a bigger national hazard than smoking, alcohol or poverty.
If the biological function of the FTO gene can now be understood, it could become possible to design drugs that manipulate it to help people to control their weight.
“Even though we have yet to fully understand the role played by the FTO gene in obesity, our findings are a source of great excitement,” said Professor Mark McCarthy of the University of Oxford, who led the research.
“By identifying this genetic link, it should be possible to improve our understanding of why some people are more obese, with all the associated implications such as increased risk of diabetes and heart disease. New scientific insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore novel ways of treating this condition.”
While it has long been understood from family studies that obesity is heavily influenced by genetics, scientists have struggled to pin down individual genes that are involved.
A handful of serious genetic mutations that cause rare obesity disorders such as Prader-Willi syndrome have been found, but the search for common genes that affect ordinary people’s risk of becoming obese or overweight has remained elusive.
The effect of FTO emerged from a major study of the genetic origins of disease funded by the Wellcome Trust known as the Case Control Consortium, in which 2,000 people with type-2 diabetes had their genomes compared to 3,000 healthy controls.
Scientists from Oxford and the University of Exeter first found that certain versions of the FTO gene were more common among people with type-2 diabetes, but that the effect disappeared when the data were adjusted for obesity. This led them to wonder whether FTO actually influenced obesity instead, and they followed up their theory in a further 37,000 people.

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Simple - In most cases you are fat because you eat the wrong foods and you eat too much.
John, Eastbourne, UK
I have two sons - both with the same father. One takes after me, eats a healthy diet, indulges occasionally and is very slim. He could eat whatever he wanted and will probably never put on significant amount of weight.
The other takes after his father, eats a healthy diet, indulges occasionally and is slightly overweight. His father is obese, as was his grandfather. He knows he will probably put on weight unless he exercises and watches his diet carefully for the rest of his life.
Their father has had little influence over either their diets or lifestyle as we were divorced when they were very young.
Of course genetics play a part in whether someone has a tendency to put on weight - just as they play a part in hair
colour, skin colour and height. It's not the only reason - and it should not be an excuse - but it is a factor which needs exploring.
Donna Walker, Effingham, Surrey
In my mid forties and barely have to look at food and I put weight on. I exercise hard for 50 mins a day. I have friends who take no exercise who eat like horses and don't put weight on. Why can't I do that? Obviously something is different. I have to watch very carefully what I eat all of the time.
People who say "fatties eat cakes all the time" are just being deliberately provocative as they obviously have absolutely no understanding of the problems or the wider issues.
The Government should ban transfats and force the food industry to produce healthier food as the norm and not as the exception. Less salt, less sugar and smaller portions. Healthier options are more expensive and to people on low incomes trying to feed a family this cost issue does make a difference. Supermarkets are also guilty of ramming fattening food to the front of the shelves.
Independent responsibilty should be encouraged but it is not all an individuals fault.
MG, Uddingston,
Drivel.
Your fat because you eat too much. SIMPLE. It doesn't need over thinking. Blame your car, blame day time TV, blame oversized portions BUT blame yourself. You eat it, you use it you, sit infront of it. Get off your butt eat less and move.
God forbid that the "Ministry of Commonsense" should actually say something sensible, e.g. "Eat less fatty and move more and take responsibility for yourself". Rather than making excuses for people all the time.
Truth hurts, get over it and get on with it.
Keith, Newcastle,
absolutely right on Aspartame. and sugar has been replaced by "high-fructose corn syrup" in many processed foods over the last several years - this sweetener piles on the pounds even quicker than sugar.
Napoleon P., London,
When Formaldehyde enters the body and the blood stream, it attaches to fat cells. Our bodies can not break down that fat and use it for energy. Our bodies then make more fat cells to store and use fat as an energy source. Sadly that fat is also contaminated by formaldehyde so becomes unusable. So we get fatter and fatter ~ Obese.
You are maybe wondering where the formaldehyde comes from. The artificial sweetener 'Aspartame' is made from aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol (11%). The methanol converts to formic acid and formaldehyde when it reaches 86 deg. F. (less than body temp.)
Ironically, just about every 'Diet' fizzy drink and 'no added sugar' product contains Aspartame. So anyone consuming aspartame is consuming formaldehyde.
Aspartame has been at the center of many debates about the safety of it. Users will say it is safe, the government say it is safe, but many people are suffering from its use. Do an Internet search: Aspartame + Brain Tumours. It's your life.
Alex, Scarborough, Yorkshire
How come this gene has not been heard of before. It is very close to the " poor " gene. Most " poor " people that I see are usually grossly fat.. Hey, Global Warming has less evidence. I believe it is because people eat 1, it is there, 2 boredom. The fact that most restaurants give portions that should feed a family, means people just sit and eat. This " gene " is native to New Orleans..
Desmond Taylor, Houston, TX
As simply as possible; in our comfortable society we need more exercise! By the way it was an interesting article.
greg grosz, budapest, hungary
The MAIN cause of obesity is not genetic,it is GREED and STUPIDITY.
A hundred years ago obesity was uneard of on the scale of today.
Michael Rigby, Chorley Lancashire, England
In actual fact a breakthrough treatment has been around for for some time. Scientifically known as ELMM "Eat Less Move More", it replaced the proven, yet traumatic, PtPD "Put the Pie Down" treatment. Government promotion of this campaign was fought tirelessly for years by greasy members of the shadowy chip shop lobby. Honest.
Andy, London, UK
There are of course people in France who are slim through a healthy diet and exercise. The normal French diet is probably healthier than that of the UK.
It is also for many people though, a product of plenty of coffee and cigarettes, and too little food.
Healthy isn't just about weight, and goose fat, wine, soft cheese, cofffee and fags isn't a diet to shout about.
John, Villefranche,
Must be a new gene. They didn't have an obesity problem when I was a kid, in the pre MacDonald days.
Brian, Northampton, Northamptonshire
Absolute hogwash, every last word. Fatties are fat not because of their genes but because they can't help guzzling cream cakes and crisps. It's another example of the UK being unable to take responsibility for their own actions. I live in France and there are very few obese people here. Why? It is to do with genes? Of course not! It's because over here we eat sensibly and don't stuff our faces with crisps and chocolates whenever we hear our tummies rumbling (and let's not even mention lager). Don't blame others for your own deficiencies
Gavin Mortimer, Montpellier, France
I suppose the name of the gene is called"food".
Wing, Poole, Dorset