Mark Henderson, Science Editor
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The sexual preferences of fruit flies have been switched from gay to straight and back again with drugs and genetic engineering.
Scientists in the US found that a mutation in a gene known as “gender-blind”, or GB, can make flies bisexual, and that manipulating its activity can switch this sexual trait on and off.
The findings, from a team based at the University of Illinois, suggest that homosexuality has a clear biological basis, but that this is not necessarily hard-wired by the genes. A combination of genetic and environmental factors seems to be required.
While the research does not necessarily have direct implications for humans, whose brain and nervous system are far more complex, it does show that changes in biology can directly affect sexual behaviour. Consensus scientific opinion on homosexuality holds that biological factors such as genes or prenatal exposure to hormones may create a predisposition that can be activated later by environmental influences. The study, led by David Featherstone, is published in the journal Nature Neuroscience.
The GB gene is involved in the function of glial cells, a type of brain cell that supports the active nerve cells. When the gene was inactivated, the strength of the synapses between nerve cells was affected, and the scientists noted that male flies began courting other males. “The GB mutant males treated other males the same way normal males would treat a female,” Dr Featherstone said. “They even attempted copulation.”
Drugs and genetic engineering were then used to manipulate synapse strength independently of the GB gene, with similar results. “I never thought we’d be able to do that sort of thing, because sexual orientation is supposed to be hard-wired,” he said. “This fundamentally changes how we think about this behaviour.”
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This would be good news for the argument that homosexuals âchooseâ to be gay.
Itâs not a choice, but weâre born, all of us humans, each with a certain amount of masculine and feminine hormones/genes and energy.
No one person is entirely heterosexual or homosexual, but rather made up of both. Each person, depending on their environment and how theyâre raised has an integral part in this as well.
Human sexuality is very complex and people make it even more complex by âdecidingâ what is right and what is wrong, what is normal and what isnât. These âdecisionâ or âjudgmentsâ are taught. These are learned behaviors.
And people, please remember that âhumanâ genes (as was mentioned) are FAR more complex then a fruit fly
In any event, I wouldnât take a drug to change me. Iâm quite happy loving and sharing my life with a woman as a woman. I wouldnât have it any other way. Itâs who I am and I love me for who I am.
C. Deslorie, Mpls, MN USA
Gee, if they can develop a 'switching' drug - pun intended - to make gay men 'str8', just imagine the fun we'll have in the Castro after someone spikes the the 49'ers Gatorade!
Remember, it works both ways.
Chris Duncan, San Francisco, CA
Thank you so much Alas, USA for that comment. Fox seems to have brought up research that is riddled with inconsistencies to appeal to a certain crowd. That crowd, of course, is illustrated by the first comment who is searching for a "cure" to something he refuses to understand.
thankyou, ptsbg, USA
While I can love a man like a brother, I cannot love him like a woman. Te thought of it repulses me and this is a normal human reaction for a man and vice versa for women I guess as my wife confirms. Cries of homophobia from the fringes, but I am not frightened of homosexuals, I have friends who are so-called gay, but I cannot understand why they have to be proud about it.
So perhaps this drug will cure the world of this anomaly and women can be happy that there are more men around for them to keep procreation on track, and women men happier that there are more women around who appreciate real males.
B J Deller, Marbella, Spain
If it can be scientifically proved that the human sexual preferences is a function of the genetic and environmental factors rather than rigidly determined as gay or heterosexual at the precise moment of conception then is it a clear indication than the human beings owe their existence to evolution rather then the act of God? Surely sexual ambiguity could not possibly be part of the grand design of an almighty and all knowing God?
Wing, Poole, UK
There's a long history of this work, and Featherstone is disingenuous to suggest that "this fundamentally changes how we think about this behavior". The gene "fruitless" has been studied for decades as a regulator of sexual behavior - it is expressed in males, but not in females, and is both necessary and sufficient for male courtship behavior. Indeed, "fruitless" "mutant males treated other males the same way normal males would treat a female" in the same way that Featherstone suggests, and have for years. Even more important, we have a good idea how the "fruitless" gene interacts with the sex-determination hierarchy that specifies all of the other differences between males and females. What Featherstone has shown is that he can make male flies stupider (and therefore unable to distinguish male and female flies) not that he has found the determinant of fly sexuality.
Another Researcher, Alas, USA,
It may be true that "as flies to wanton boys are we to the gods", but human sexuality and emotions are, as Fr. Bryan Storey suggests, more deeply rooted than in the insect world. However, love is by no means always linked to procreation; it is far greater than that. The "voice of human conscience" must always be distinguished from the entrenched Voice of human Prejudice because LOVE transcends sexual preference and sexuality. This is an interesting experiment, but no more than that and should have no influence whatsoever on our perception of human sexuality.
Stephen Wilson, Rome, Italy
Speaking for humans, it's obvious our sexuality is not so hard wired. Yet for stability and permanence in love and friendship, a growth in the procreative mentality is vital in order to tune into what is hard wired, the entrenched Voice of human Conscience. Our emotional forces are stitched into the mental outlook we need to undertake. Take it from here.
Father Bryan Storey, Tintagel, UK