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Monkeys have been genetically engineered to contract Huntington’s disease in a controversial experiment that could aid the development of treatments for the brain disorder.
The rhesus macaque monkeys carry the mutant gene that causes Huntington’s in humans and are the first primate models of the disease.
Huntington’s causes mood swings, depression and memory loss, followed by progressive tremor, neurological damage and death. There is no cure, with five to ten people in every 100,000 who inherit the mutated gene invariably dying from the condition.
The use of genetic engineering to produce monkeys with so serious and distressing a disease has raised strong objections from animal rights groups. Of the five GM monkeys born, three were so severely affected by the mutant genes that they swiftly died.
Maggy Jennings, of the RSPCA, said: “The RSPCA completely condemns these experiments. We understand that medical research is vital, but there are many different ways of carrying out research on these diseases without using primates. The animal suffering involved, in our view, would be considerable.”
Anthony Chan, who led the study team at Yerkes National Primate Research Centre in Atlanta, the United States, said: “We believe it would be unethical not to use our expertise to develop a better model of Huntington’s disease, one in which we can better study the reasons for the disease and its progression.”
The two surviving monkeys with the mutation, he said, would be given the best possible care. His study is published in the journal Nature.
Huntington’s is caused by a dominant mutation in a gene called huntingtin (htt), and people with an affected parent have a 50 per cent change of inheriting both the defect and the disease. Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 30 and 50.
Mouse models of the disease are already available for research, but these do not completely match all the biological and symptomatic features of the disease in humans.

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I can't belive I missed this article. On April the 11th this year my Mum died from Huntingdons Disease after an 11 year battle. She was 62. You do the math. Animals v People. Sorry no contest, If it saves others from going through what Mum did. So be it. Now get back in your boxes.
Beckie Taylor , Bristol,
Scientists use monkeys because they are like humans. With genetic modification they can make them even more like humans. As long as they are technically (or do I mean legally) not human, they could be almost identical to humans. Where would they draw the 'ethical' line then?
Juanita, Epsom, UK
These are living beings! This is an unneccessary evil, there is no need for this type of cruelty, period. There are other methods to research diseases with non-living beings. All things deserve the best gift there is-life!
Cassie, Paris, France
Animals are the innocents .. why can't they experiment on murderers who we keep in luxury in UK prisons.They have taken human lives so it's only right that they be used to help other humans.
I have been a member of the RSPCA for over 20 years & wholeheartedly agree with their condemnation !!!
Christine Holder, Bolton, UK
RSPCA is a sensible animal welfare organisation -- nothing to do with the extremists. Nonetheless, it only looks at one side of the issue, namely the suffering caused to animals. A balanced approach would consider the suffering of people too.
Simon, London,
Medical "research" is often not about helping the "patient" but more about maintaining the status quo. For example, psychiatry is more about punishing victims of psychological abuse or mobbing than about helping them. Enough of these status quo terrorists. All species have a right to life.
Simon Validzic, Novi Zagreb, Croatia
I totally agree with the RSPCA that Dr. Chan has inflicted appalling cruelty on the Monkeys by breeding them to have Huntington's Disease. No illness justifies such cruelty to animals. It is time an immediate halt was put to such cruel research.
Fiona, Aberdeen, Scotland
Another blatant example of human arrogance and bad science. When is it all going to end? Leave the animals alone.
Antonio, London,
The RSPCA are "animal rights terrorists," Sascaha? Is Battersea Dog's Home's Al Doggieda's base? I take it the Queen (the RSPCA's patron) is their Bin Laden? Off to Guantanamo with her - perhaps she could get an orange Hardy Amies twinset for the occasion.
Ruth , Glasgow, Scotland
Without animal testing, there is no cure. "There is no cure, with five to ten people in every 100,000 who inherit the mutated gene invariably dying from the condition." That is a very large number for complying with just 5 monkeys.We will always need to advance ourselves to prevent a epidemic.
Justin, Henderson, Nevada,
The best way to eliminate Huntingdon's disease is by genetric screening - the problem in the past is that the illness was not always indentified or kept secret. - that is less likely now. It is absurd to suggest that experiments such as these on monkeys will usefully add to our knowledge.
David Bachauer, Manchester , UK
Sascha, to call the RSPCA "animal rights terrorists" shows your ignorance. Macaque monkeys are one of the most intelligent primate species and as a sentient being, closely related to humans the suffering that has been engineered here is abominable. The greater good simply isn't a good enough excuse.
Clare, York,
I am against animal testing but if it came to a choice between a member of my family dying of a disease or an animal being hurt in order to find the cure I know which one I would choose. It is difficult to find a non-emotive opinion on the actual benefits of animal testing though.
phil mann, newcastle upon tyne,
The fact that the RSPCA condemns something is generally an indication that it's a good idea - culling badgers etc. On the other hand, the fact that the RSPCA does something generally means that it's a bad idea - schooling witnesses, paying lawyers huge amounts of money, trespassing on farms etc
David Tyne, Amersham,
It's a pity they skimmed over the effects of Huntington's so lightly. I feel sorry for the animals involved but there is never any pain with HD in humans so it should be the same for monkeys. If we WERE able to experiment wih humans who already have HD there's be a lot of volunteers.
meg, Glenrothes, Scotland
Isn't the whole point that you can't experiment on humans?
This RSPCA woman isn't finding a solution, she's just moaning about the problem. Enough with these "animal rights" terrorists.
Sascha, London,