Mark Henderson Science Editor
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The removal of anonymity from sperm and egg donors has provoked a crisis in fertility treatment that is denying couples the chance to try for a baby.
Infertility therapy with donated sperm has collapsed to the lowest levels since records began, according to the first official figures, seen by The Times, since the Government banned anonymous donation in 2005.
The number of women treated with donated sperm fell by about 20 per cent, from 2,727 in 2005 to 2,107 in 2006, the first full year after the change. The number of donor insemination treatment cycles fell by 30 per cent over the same period.
Egg donation is also in serious decline: the number of treatments using “shared” eggs, offered by women in return for a discount on IVF, fell by 40 per cent between 2004 and 2006.
The figures demolish claims by ministers and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) that sperm donation has improved since anonymity was ended. Last year Shirley Harrison, then the chairwom-an of the authority, said it was “a myth” that there had been problems.
Although the number of sperm donors has risen slightly, many will be friends and relatives who donate for a couple’s exclusive use. Fewer donors are contributing to sperm banks, from which the donation can be used by up to ten women. The result is that although more donors have been registered the shortage of sperm is becoming more acute.
The law, which took effect on April 1, 2005, gives donor-conceived children the right to trace their biological parents when they reach 18. The Government said that children’s rights to discover their genetic origins outweighed donors’ right to privacy. Many doctors, however, predicted that this would worsen an existing shortage of sperm and eggs, because donors would worry about being approached later in life.
Most clinics now have waiting lists of at least two years for sperm, and a similar trend is affecting egg donation. Although altruistic donation, which is usually done by sisters or friends for a patient’s exclusive use, has remained static, the egg-sharing schemes that help couples without a known donor are in trouble. Shared eggs were used in only 680 fertility procedures in 2006, compared with 1,142 in 2004, the last year before the law was changed.
MPs and fertility doctors say the figures show that the end of anonymity has denied treatment to thousands of infertile men and women.
Evan Harris, the Liberal Democrat science spokesman, said: “The Government and the HFEA have been saying everything is fine, but it isn’t. There was no good reason for removing anonymity, which has led to a catastrophic drop in the number of patients treated by donor insemination.
“There was always a huge risk that this would happen, diminishing the capacity of both the NHS and private clinics to treat infertility. There are probably now thousands of untreated couples who may be forced abroad, or into the unregulated sector.”
Gillian Lockwood, medical director of Midland Fertility Services, said her clinic had performed 83 treatment cycles with donated sperm last year, compared with 221 in 2004.
“The picture at the coal face is bleak,” she said. “A significant number of patients are now being turned into fertility tourists, who are going abroad for donor treatment.”
A spokesman for the Department of Health confirmed that the number of egg donors had fallen. “We are therefore preparing a regional egg donor recruitment campaign which will be launched in stages from July,” he said.
A spokeswoman for the HFEA said: “The HFEA supports the efforts of clinics actively recruiting donors.”
Pip Morris, of the National Gamete Donation Trust, said: “We’ve never had enough donors. It’s nothing to do with the law, it’s a lack of awareness.”

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RS Presumably you, as a real man of course, do not have any issues with your fertility and don't have to face the absolute agony of trying to conceive month after month, with no success & enduring the tests and medical evaluations. Your comment demeans infertile men AND adoptive parents alike.
Becky , Leeds,
Lost in all this is the question of whether sperm and egg "donation" is moral in the first place. It seems extremely unnatural to me to rupture the natural biological relationship between parent and child. Anonymous sperm donors are irresponsible cowards and do not deserve to be called men.
RS, Davis, CA, USA
You have to choose.
Do you want sperm donors to give their sperm, or do you want them to fear being hit with child support?
You can't have it both ways--want people to donate sperm, but yet expect them to take all the risks. People act on self interest, like it or not.
bhill, new haven,
I don't think sperm donors think deeply about what they are selling to childless couples. Donors are selling their children, not some commodity! When the child reaches 18 the donor has a responsibility to make a connection with the now adult person he/she helped to create. If not they are selfish
Cheryl (Natalie Ann) , Greenwich, USA
In the instances of blood disorders and cystic fibrosis the twho biological parenst need to be on hand. I think the adults involved are selfish, chasing nine months gestation: it's not even as if they want each others's child, but just any.
Stella, London , England
Allowing sperm donors to be anonymous is outrageous. How did they get away with it for all those years? Looks as if some of them
still do, as there are off spring who are now adults and don't know
because anonymity was permitted. Who can help these people
know who their father and mother are?
Joyce Bahr, New York, USA
I cant wait for my offspring to discover me and force me to finance their college education. Everything has consequences "but lets not worry about that right now is the deliberate lying mantra". I will pay dearly mentally, physically and economically for siring these biological deprived kids as they
Paul, Erie,
Why are we so determined in this day and age to get everything we want when we want it, even if it's against what nature decides? People who want children so desperately they will create a child using a strangers sperm or egg. And donors have a responsibility. They are creating life.
Holly, Midlands, UK
I think that the rights of a child to know it's biological origins comes above the rights of a woman to have a child.
If a man thinks twice about donating sperm then it might well be a good thing.
Jenny, Reading,
It is vital for the proper protection of men's rights that sperm donation is avoided until the law is adjusted. The continuing entrenchment of anti-male bigotry in the judicial system must be resisted. Just say no!
Nick, Rotherham, UK
Damian - if you donate through a clinic, you are a donor and are not financially liable. If you donate to your friend down the road without going to a clinic - like the fireman chased by the CSA a few months ago - you can be financially liable to support the child.
Pat J, London, UK
This reduction would seem a very obvious reaction. Officials denying it should be sacked.
Laws on financial support can and do change. An 18 yr old can claim support for tertiary education under MCA 1973 from parents; this might well be tested with a sperm/egg donor with high college fees now.
Damian, Brighton, UK
No rational man will take the risk of being sued for child support by a woman, or especially by a state welfare agency, just for a measley $50 donation fee. Remember, state welfare agencies have paid legal staff and sue for child support on behalf of welfare recipients in ALL states.
Andrew P, Alexandria, VA
"Donating" your sperm is abandoning your children, plain and simple. I speak as one of those "donor-conceived" offspring denied access to my father.
Tom, Cambridge,
Pip Morris cites a lack of awareness for the fall in gamete donor numbers. I would suggest that the public now have a greater awareness of the serious long term consequences for families and individuals "built" in this manner and prefer not to "donate" their biological children to strangers.
Christine, Devon, UK
The LibDem spokesman says there was absolutely no need for the disastrous change of the law, but the government was actually using the "offspring's" (over-18s so not children) insecurities and curiosity to push Roman Catholic, anti-"unnatural" practices ideology, as they many times under Blair.
Jenny, |Mancheter,
I would never donate sperm to a public bank. The last guy who did, was sued succesfully for child support!
Jeff, upstate ny, USA
Well as a sperm donor who today! contributed the last of required number of "samples" - part of my motivation was the possibility of meeting some of my offspring. I feel really good about myself for helping others - I also know I am now one of the most sexually succesful people on the planet.
Chris, St Albans, England
The law in England (not sure about the US) is pretty clear that sperm donors have no parental/financial responsibility for any children that emerge as a result of those donations. You actually get a form that says this when you apply.
Chris, St Albans, England
I suggest:
1. Go abroad for fertility treatment
2. Adopt a child
3. Get a pet. Many couples enjoy having pets instead of children.
BSR, Portland, Oregon, USA
I say that it's all rather shallow and pedantic.
Lee, Westchestersonville, UK
Okay, I can see where it might seem strange if a biological child showed up 18 years later but then again (if you donated with your wife being totally informed) then it might be really wonderful to meet up. If you are healthy and intelligent maybe it's something to consider.
Mike McNew, Stockholm, Sweden
As the parent of three beautiful girls concived through donor insemination, I can say that from my heart that there is no way to describe how lucky I feel each and every day that my wife was able to carry and deliver our children. If you have never been there, it's difficult to understand.
name witheld, location witheld, usa
>> These young people grow up completely confused about their identity
That is a NOT true. I have never met my biological father and don't have a desire too other that curiosity. However, I LIKE myself as a person. God has gifted me with a sense of SELF and a love of OTHERS which make a difference
Jon, USA,
Here, the centers accept donations only from college educated men who are more than 5 feet '10 inches tall.
College educated sperm, HA!
Justin, Atlanta, USA
To Mark Lyndon of Manchester - the "children" cannot find any details until they are no longer children anyway, so it makes no difference at all as no children can gain this information. You also clearly failed to read the article which addresses the issue of numbers going up.
Vini Holden, Preston, UK
I didn't have space to address the wider trend raised by Pat J in my article, but there's a good explanation for falling donor insemination between 1993 and 2001. It's the advent of a technology called ICSI that allowed some infertile men to conceive with their own sperm, so they no longer needed donors. That can't account for the more recent fall -- the switch from DI to ICSI for suitable patients had already happened, and the number of procedures was static at around 3,100 before the law was changed.
Mark Henderson, Science Editor, The Times
Why do people think that egg and sperm donation is such a great thing?These young people grow up completely confused about their identity, roots and where they belong. As far as in the interest of the child, this drop in donation is a good thing.
Patrica Rice, Gillingham,
Those most directly affected by gamete donation are the children. Their interests come ahead of those of the parents, donors & clinics, & they seem to be overwhelmingly against secrecy & donor anonymity.
The no of donors has gone up both years since anonymity was ended, reversing a 3 yr decline.
Mark Lyndon, Manchester, UK
I would donate but, I dont fancey haveing kids turn up on my door step in 18 years time, I mean why?
It's jsut going to be embarrassing, and make me feel obligated to interact with them, when really they will be total strangers.
The goverment needs to back down on this one.
MR W Jones, Liverpool, England
This is another one of those things that might have been a good idea until the lawyers got into the picture. I can understand why a child might eventually want to know more about their origins, diseases and other family things that could come into play. I understand why a donor wants to stay unknown
Russ, Pasco, USA
Adopting a child is an option but it is much MUCH more expensive and an even longer wait. Unless you want to adopt a 5 year old, which is not want most people want.
Blake, SD, USA
I've heard of more than one case of sperm donors being successfully sued for child support. I imagine that plays a big part in the demolishing of the business.
James, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
If you are going to use someone elses eggs and sperm why not just adopt children that have already been born? You are only pregnant for about 9 months out of a child's entire lifetime, if you look at it in the long run it's not the most important memory you will have with your child.
Dawn, Tampa Bay, USA
Not to mention predatory women who try to collect child support from sperm donors...
Patrick, Flint Hills, Kansas, USA
Just one example of the present administration's sole expertise: invoking the law of unintended cosequences, despite the warnings, in their pursuit of "equality", and banishment of all prejudice, except its own.
John Lee, Wirral, UK
What a dismissive way of dealing with the need for donor conceived children to know their origins. V disappointed with Evan Harris. He really should know better than to say it's all about anonymity. I've just checked the HFEA figures - donor insemination has been falling steadily since 1991!!!
Pat J, London, UK