Mark Henderson
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A man who completely lost his sight after brain damage has astonished scientists by negotiating an obstacle course without his cane, in a powerful demonstration of an eerie phenomenon known as “blindsight”.
The man, known only as TN, was blinded by strokes on both sides of his brain which left him unable to see and devoid of any activity in the brain regions that control vision. He uses a stick to detect obstacles, and has to be guided around buildings. However, TN was known to exhibit blindsight, a strange ability some blind people have to detect things that they cannot see.
He reacts to the facial expressions of other people, for example, and scans of his brain have confirmed that it registers facial emotions such as joy, anger and fear.
He has now shown evidence of an even more remarkable skill – the ability to navigate without being able to see. In an experiment, scientists arranged a series of boxes and chairs in an obstacle course and asked TN to move through it from one side of the room to the other without using his cane. To their amazement, he completed the course without hitting anything, earning applause from on-lookers.
Professor Beatrice de Gelder, of the University of Tilburg in the Netherlands, who led the study, said: “This is absolutely the first study of this ability in humans. We see what humans can do, even with no awareness of seeing or any intentional avoidance of obstacles. It shows us the importance of evolutionarily ancient visual paths. They contribute more than we think they do for us to function in the real world.”
TN’s blindsight is likely to be explained by these alternative visual paths in the brain, which allow him to process information received through his eyes, which are still functional. He can then use this information to navigate even though he is unaware that he has the ability to see.
Professor de Gelder said: “It’s a part of our vision that’s for orienting and doing in the world rather than for understanding. All the time, we are using hidden resources of our brain, doing things we think we are unable to do.” The research could have implications for treating patients with brain damage.

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So, he's seeing, but without the qualia? That's what it sounds like.
Look up "qualia" in an encyclopaedia, and you'll see how "blindsight" can be philosophically interesting.
Simon, Brentwood, UK
This isn't the first study of this phenomenon as claimed. I saw a television documentary that examined this topic about 10 years ago. Brain scans showed that the patients brain had reverted to ancient visual processing pathways similiar to those that are still used by birds today.
Paul, Perth, Australia
To Rev, Matt Harkin,
Why does there need to be a reason for us to be here? It is supreme arrogrance to assume we are here for a reason at all, rather than randon chance.
It is most likely we have no purpose at all for being here, other than the result of a series of complex chemical factors.
Andrew, Guildford, surrey
It would have been interesting to first do the tests with the man wearing a blindfold. That would have indicated whether the effect was likely to be due to alternative visual pathways or to other non-eye-related senses.
Inge Jones, London, UK
To Rev Matt - your question "why are we here" presupposes a superstitious answer. There really doesn't have to be a reason. It's just chance, however emotionally unsatisfying this may be for you.
Paul Howland, Wassenaar, The Netherlands
Nigel: He cannot do it while blindfolded. "Blindsight" occurs when the eyes are undamaged, as is the lower visual cortex, but the information never makes it to phenomenal consciousness due to a lesion in the brain. So, while his eyes work, he has no experience of seeing.
James, New York, USA
When I was a young lad, and ready to believe quite a lot, I read an article which by coincidence, I found again in modern form only recently!
http://www.answers.com/topic/eyeless-sight
Fascinating subject!
Mike Armitage, Cranbrook, UK
can he repeat the trick when blindfolded?
if he cannot, then obviously some information is reaching his working brain from his eyes, whether he is aware of it or not.
conversely if he can then we must be talking "paranormal". Its a shame that the article does not tell us more about this.
nigel foster, ryde, uk
Rev Harkin, we're here because a random sequnece of cosmic events first led to life emerging on Earth, and then consequent evolutionary parths and further destructive events led to the development of Humans as the dominant species. See? Science has an explination for that too.
Gareth, London,
Nothing explains why we are here any better than science, Rev Matt. Explanations involving the existence of some spirit or super-being simply make the problem unnecessarily harder to solve - as you have to explain how an infinitely more complex entity got here first.
Rob, Reading, UK
Rev Matt. Are you actually denying alternative visual processing capabilities in the brain? Are you really positing this man's 'spirit' as an explanation for his abilities? Because if you are the scientists interested in this field may as well go home and have a good old pray.
George, La Rochelle, France
Science only has one explanation for anything to do with the human system's development: Luck.
They make the issue sound plausible by adding 'natural selection' but that only describes the success of some lucky flukes and the failures of others! How can they explain anything like TN? 'He's lucky.'
iain, bedford, uk
rev matt - are you suggesting that science is unable to explain why we are here? are you familiar with the scientific concept of evolution by natural selection? Or maybe you are looking for a non-scientific reason - in which case you should not be surprised that science does not provide it!
James Fletcher, London,
Phil is right - although this person's visual cortex seems to have been disabled his brain is still processing information from the eyes and optic nerve which still work. It shows what a marvel the brain is and wonder at that is the spiritual part.
John , Wellington, United Kingdom
Rev. Matt - Why does there need to be a reason for us to be here? To ask for such a reason is a luxury afforded by our ability to do so. Science explains the 'how' and not the 'why'. A 'how' question is global, a 'why' question is local and subject to personal interpretation.
George, Kent,
Was the guy allowed to speak while negotiating the maze? I noticed that I can tell by sound if there is a wall in front of me in the dark when I speak. The unenquiring attitude of this article and the attempt to "magic up" the issue with "blindsight" (wowee!) is a variety of "sexing up".
Steve Bush, Cirencester, UK
Rev. Matt, if you only have science then there we have no PURPOSE save that we have been allowed to form as life from a primordial soup via the laws of physics. The process of natural evolution (governed by physics) is the REASON we are here. You can choose your purpose but not the reason for life
Fiendo, belfast,
In fact, not only has this person got functioning eyes, he even has functioning subcortical visual centres - its only visual cortex that is damaged. It is visual pathway through cortex that is associated with "conscious perception". No spirituality needed.
Simon, London,
Did they find that he couldn't navigate if blindfolded, just to make sure that it was infornmation received by his eyes that allowed him to navigate the course?
James Mursell, Pulborough,
Perhaps people's emotionality is transmitting more than just visual facial expressions.
David, Pemberton, Canada
You should not be so cynical Matt. If science was the only explanation for anything, then why are we here?
Rev. Matt Harkin, London, UK
He has brain damage which has resulted in a severe limitation of his sight. He is not blind, but is severely "visually impaired". His use of unusual nervous pathways is not in any way paranormal.
Brian Jordan, Huddersfield,
Sorry to be a doubter, Thomas, but remember this guy still has functioning eyes. It's only the visual centre in his brain that's missing. Remarkable?: yes. Spiritual?: not really.
Phil Cohen, Sydney, Australia
Thomas, this is the science section, not the superstition section!
Matt, Blackpool, UK
Remember, man has more than just the physical body; he as a spirit. Whilst this man's physical eyes are blind, his spirit is not.
Thomas Nyahwo, Wigan, UK