Michael Reiss: Commentary
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This year will bring an avalanche of books, lectures, television programmes and articles on Charles Darwin. It is 200 years since he was born and 150 years since he was pushed to publish his On the Origin of Species earlier than he intended by the arrival of a letter from Alfred Russel Wallace, the naturalist who, independently, had the same theory of natural selection that Darwin had supposed all his own.
Since Darwin wasn’t alone in thinking up the theory of natural selection or in assembling evidence in support of evolution, are we right to make such a song and dance of his anniversary?
The short answer is “yes”. On the Origin of Species is the most important biology book yet written and Darwin has done as much as anyone, including Copernicus, Newton, Marx and Freud, to change how we see ourselves.
So why do I, with a fairly conventional Christian faith, albeit someone with an academic background in evolutionary biology, believe that a Darwinian worldview matters more than ever?
Above all, Darwin decentres humanity. In this he completes the work that Copernicus and Galileo began. We are not the centre of the Universe. The Universe existed long before we came on the scene.
This decentring does not, of course, mean that we matter any the less. Rather, it helps us to appreciate that we do not sit in a distinct category from the rest of creation. As a shorthand, other sentient creatures can be considered rather as young children in terms of their capacity to think, to feel and to experience pain and pleasure. The great apes that are heading towards extinction in the wild and are still used in some countries for medical research really are our relatives.
Darwin was more than a little apprehensive about how his work would be received, realising that it would be controversial. In the event, the reception was generally positive. Even the Church of England accepted its message partly, perhaps, because it had little wish to box itself into a corner as the Roman Catholic Church had over Galileo two centuries earlier.
However, there are many who find a Darwinian view of life incompatible with their understanding of God’s action in the world. Creationists prefer a literal reading of the early chapters of the Bible or the Koran. In my opinion the Darwinian worldview is not just compatible with religious faith but deepens it and makes aspects of it more intelligible.
Consider the old but vital question as to why God allows suffering. A way of answering seems clearer if one sees God as giving creation the ability to evolve itself, including the capacity to feel pain and pleasure. Perhaps natural selection, as Richard Dawkins has argued, is inevitably written into the fabric of the world. Perhaps, too, those with a Christian faith do well to remember that the Word of God is a person more than parts of a book.
- Michael Reiss is Professor of Science Education and Assistant Director at the Institute of Education, University of London, and a priest in the Church of England

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"The first person to propose a theory of biological evolution was in fact St. Augustine, one of the most important Christian theologians.", you might want to have a read at Anaximander, Empedocles and Aristotle for their views on the subject. They were a few centuries earlier than Augustine.
Colin Walls, Gee Cross, UK
Artie, Fredericksburg, USA - you say that it takes faith to believe in evolution! One definition of faith is 'belief that is not based on proof'.
The evidence and proof of evolution make it a fact. Even if we didn't have fossils, evolution would still be undeniable based on genetic evidence.
Russell Bentz, Philadelphia, USA
The world and all the universe is God, suffering is a by-product of the free will thats necessary for our salvation. Ethics is the geometry of the cosmos, when we can see that then all these arguments appear so irrelevant.
Michael, Slough, England
England's churches are struggling to have faith. And it is far more common that belief in evolution leads to atheism not to stronger faith. Furthermore the Bible already speaks to the reason of pain and suffering. No need to ask Darwin. This article is totally off the mark.
Robert, San Jose, USA
The two oldest branches of Christianity -- Orthodoxism and Catholicism -- accept evolution as the best explanation on the origin and development of species. The first person to propose a theory of biological evolution was in fact St. Augustine, one of the most important Christian theologians.
Francis, London,
Alex Davie - exactly the opposite of what? You didn't even specify what you were referring to here. It doesn't matter, everything Michael says is dead-on fair and accurate. You need to re-think things.
Jonathan Wojcik, Palm Bay,
Michael has surely not read his Bible, which says exactly the opposite..
Alex, Davie, United States
Surely the problem is not belief in a creator since it will never be possible to prove either way. What does seem to be a problem is the unproven doctrine of organised religions since much of this this seems to lack moral and ethical standards, not be about goodness and often breaks UK and EU law.
Keith, Rayleigh, England
MIchael Reiss, is wrong to allocate natural selection to Darwin or Wallace.How de we know? Simple, both of them admitted that Patrcik Matthew and Charles Wells got tthere before either of them. Search Google for "wainwrightscience" for more details.
Dr Milton Wainwright, Sheffield, UK
I think the comment about the Word of God being "a person rather than parts of a book" (mentioned by Andrew, Manchester) refers to the fact that Jesus is called "the Word of God" in the Bible.
Susan Bennett, Farnborough, United Kingdom
Andrew, it refers to the often forgotten Christian doctrine that "The Word of God" refers to the person of Jesus Christ and not to a certain collection of writings. Christians worship Christ, not the Bible.
Malcolm+, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Only a masochist or a sadist sees pain as a gift! Clerics who talk of a 'loving and compassionate creator' perpetuate the biggest lie of all and should hang their heads in shame...
Derek, Lewes, UK
"those with a Christian faith do well to remember that the Word of God is a person more than parts of a book"?
What on Earth does that even mean?
Andrew, Manchester, UK
Now it seems the Darwinists deny the primordial soup. Life forming out of material and becoming self replication. According to materialism, there is no concept of suffering.
seven, rose,
Chris - you can substitute "Darwin" for God too and have the same effect. Evolution is a religion, it takes faith to make it work, it has a holy man, Darwin, and it has holy scriptures, On the Origin Of The Species. So Chris, you require me to prove God exists. Prove to me Darwin existed.
Artie, Fredericksburg, USA
The Church accepted Darwin's theory, did they? Then why did they recently apologise to him?
"...the Church of England owes you an apology for misunderstanding you and, by getting our first reaction wrong, encouraging others to misunderstand you still."
Religion is fundamentally anti-science.
Alex, Cambridge, UK
Musing about peoples "understanding of Gods action in the world" is of course nonsense - since there is no evidence that a 'god' or 'gods' exist, believers can make up any interpretation they like, and they are all equally (in)valid. Substitute 'Batman' for God and it makes no less sense.
chris, Whitley Bay,