Melanie Reid
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A national campaign to persuade every Scot to take daily supplements of vitamin D is needed if the country’s appalling health record is to be reversed, leading scientists believe.
A report, published this week, links poor weather to the lack of the “sunshine vitamin” in Scotland, and urges the Scottish government to launch a nationwide vitamin D programme to lower the incidence of devastating illnesses, such as heart disease, cancer and multiple sclerosis.
The research points to the country’s damp, cloudy climate as a significant contributor to its bleak record of ill health and disease.
Vitamin D deficiency – caused by lack of exposure to sunshine – is twice as common among the Scots as it is among the English. The average Scot has a vitamin D level four times lower than their neighbour south of the Border.
A five-year research project by Oliver Gillie, a scientist and writer, demonstrates extensive and remarkable parallels between Scotland’s dull weather and indices of disease.
It suggests that the “Scottish effect”, the country’s hitherto unexplained high mortality rate compared with other industrial countries, is in large part down to lack of sun. Crucially, a shortage of the “sunshine vitamin” is established as a factor in higher rates of multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, several types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other ailments that together give Scotland one of the worst health records and highest premature mortality rates in Western Europe.
Dr Gillie’s study – Scotland’s Health Deficit: An Explanation and a Plan – echoes world-wide research on vitamin D deficiency but goes further, showing how the higher rates of disease in Scotland mirror closely the lower amount of available sunlight.
A lack of sunshine in Glasgow and the West of Scotland reflects levels of chronic illness that which cannot be explained by deprivation alone. A lack of sunshine on Orkney and Shetland – only 24 per cent of the maximum number of hours possible – corresponds to the highest prevalence of MS in the world.
By contrast, the South Coast of England, where such diseases are much less common, receives 400 more hours of sunshine a year than Scotland.
Dr Gillie says that successive reports on the state of Scotland’s health have failed to recognise that insufficient sunlight and vitamin D are important risk factors, and calls for firm action from the Scottish government on supplementation and the fortification of food.
Last week The Times convened a panel of experts who studied the report and endorsed unanimously the importance of vitamin D as an important ingredient in creating a healthy Scottish population.
Dr Harry Burns, the Chief Medical Officer for Scotland, said: “It is important that attempts to improve health in Scotland remain focused on action on the social, economic, behavioural and psychological determinants of health. If vitamin D supplements can be shown to contribute to that agenda then we will make the appropriate recommendations.”
Dr Adrian Martineau from Queen Mary’s School of Medicine, London, who is working on evidence that vitamin D can reduce cold and flu symptoms, said: “This is a very important initiative. What [Dr Gillie] has highlighted is that 85 per cent of us have lower Vitamin D levels than we should have and 85 per cent of our cells need vitamin D to function properly. It’s highly plausible that supplementation would be of great benefit.”
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I have read that there is NO Vitamin D present in sunlight (in the winter) north of Newcastle. I have lived in England and abroad and have found the Scottish winter the hardest to endure. Perpetual cloud cover and rain, months on end spent inside. Eat, drink and smoke your way through it.
Susan West, Ayr, Scotland
It's not the lattitude- it's the pervasive cloud cover that deprives us of sunshine and vit D. You really wouldn't understand unless you lived here. I eat a very healthy fruit and veg heavy diet and drink no more than anyone in the UK and I can feel the lack of sunshiney joy!
AM, Glasgow,
Well Roger, the Japanese love deep frying, the Norwegians their tobacco, the Fins their alcohol, though on occassion we Scots do like all three at the same time! Also, are the chips on our shoulders big and fat or the skinny continental variety? Will organic potatoes make a difference to our chips?
David Simpson, Edinburgh,
Having recently moved to Scotland after 10 years in Central London, I have noticed a few differences. I can't get an organic skinny soya free trade spring water frappucino on the way to the station anymore! I can feel my arteries clogging!
Nothing to do with latitude, it is diet and lifestyle.
Ian, edinburgh, Scotland
Actually in Norway we have the same problems linked to low levels of vit. D caused by the sun being to low on the horizon to induce production of vit. d in the skin many moths each winter. And the further north one goes, the more severe the problem. also the darker the skin one has.
ylva, oslo, norway
This "story" isn't news to those of us who actually live here, and how predictable that certain English posters seize the opportunity for racist stereotyping.
This study proves that those who scoffed about "passive smoking" and "global warming" causing all our problems were right to do so.
GR Wilkie, Stirling UK,
Do sunbeds work give out vitamin D? If so, then a huge proportion of those with Glasgow tans should be fine.
Lindsay, Cheltenham, England
As Vitamin D is found in oily fish, Scots could simply start eating what is in the sea around them.
Dectora, London, UK
people suffering from chronic illness in fact have a HIGH level of vitamin D in their body. There are more than one type of vitamin D, an inactive precursor called 25D, and an active form called 1,25d. Those who are ill have low 25D but high 1,25d. The Precursor is the only one measured usually!
Scott , Perthshire ,
I'm Scottish and well aware of the drinking, smoking, drug taking, and eating all the wrong food culture ( a kebab meat, cheese and chips calzone pizza for god sake is on sale in my local chippie). It ain't the weather that causes our problems!
ps Pete you have no solution to a real social problem
Gordon Callan, Shanghai, China
Strange then that Iceland is farther north and has one of the best health records .....
RichardO, Reading, UK
So do scandinavians and eskimo suffer the same? Chips, fried mars bars smoking and massive drinking don't affect it? Does the negativity associated with the Scottish Whinge culture not affect it?
Neil Murphy, cromer,
So Hannah, if you travel on the same lattitude lines across to Scandinavia from Scotland, do you find the same ill health in the Swedes Danes, or Norweigians? I think not!
Pete, St Albans, England
Deep fried mars bars speak volumes. What other Country could dream of this?
Roger, Surrey.,
I suffered years with crippling pains causing sleepless nights and affecting my mobility. Within 2 weeks of taking Vitamin D there was a difference and after 2 months was pain free. On holiday I stopped taking, applied sun cream - pain returned. On restarting it has changed my life it is wonder drug which has rendered me pain free and given me back my mobility.
Cheryl, Moray, Scotland
Pete
How about removing the stereotypes? Yes, there is a binge drinking culture in Scotland, & a proportion of the S/W has a fatty, unbalanced diet. But medical studies finding other potential causes for a high mortality rate are still of interest - esp in correspondence with lowering levels of sun
Hannah, Glasgow, Scotland
I expect the whole UK will be ill and depressed after this summer. Perhaps the government should issue 'sun light' lamps to every household. It would save £millions in anti-depressants and poor health. My family in the UK has one and its great. Lucky me, I moved to France and escaped the grey!
Jo Sturges, Tourtoirac, France
How about taking less alcohol, less crap food, & removing those chips on their shoulders about England!
Pete, St Albans, England