Paul Simons
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Top tips for where to watch | Graphic: why it looks bigger
If the full moon tonight looks unusually large, it is not your imagination – it is the biggest and brightest full moon to be seen for 15 years.
Each month the Moon makes a full orbit around the Earth in a slightly oval-shaped path, and tonight it will swing by the Earth at its closest distance, or perigee. It will pass by 356,613km (221,595 miles) away, which is about 28,000km closer than average.
The unusual feature of tonight is that the perigee also coincides with a full moon, which will make it appear 14 per cent bigger and some 30 per cent brighter than most full moons this year – so long as the clouds hold off from blocking the view.
The next closest encounter with a full moon this large will not be until November 14, 2016.
In addition to this lunar flypast, much of Britain may also be treated to a strange phenomenon known as the moon illusion. As the Moon rises in the late afternoon, it will appear even larger as it lies close to the horizon. Psychologists have tried to explain this as a trick of the eye, as the landscape on the horizon appears to make the Moon loom much larger, an effect that disappears as the Moon rises above the horizon, although viewing it through a tube, such as a toilet roll, can make it look large again.
With the Moon approaching so close to the Earth, its gravity will pull a slightly higher tide than normal for a full moon. This so-called perigeal tide adds about 0.5m (1.6ft) to the high-water mark, and with freshening southwesterly winds forecast, this may cause some flooding, especially along parts of the South West coast.
Tonight’s full moon is also notable for rising to its greatest height in the night sky for the entire year, lying almost overhead at midnight. This is because we are approaching the winter solstice, on December 21, and thanks to the tilt of the Earth the Moon appears at its highest, as the Sun is at its lowest.
Another astronomical treat that could be seen tonight and for the next two nights is the annual Geminid meteor shower, one of the year’s best displays of shooting stars. Up to 100 meteors an hour can fly across the sky. The meteors, which are easy to spot with the naked eye, appear to shoot out from the constellation Gemini, hence their name, but they can be seen all over the sky. However, with a full moon so bright, the best place to look is away from the Moon.
Meteor showers happen when the Earth passes through clouds of debris shed from comets. As the tiny fragments smash into the Earth’s upper atmosphere at about 100,000mph, they burn up in streaks of light.
For reasons that are not understood, the Geminid meteor showers are tending to grow stronger each year.
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This article is a bit misleading in relation to the meteor shower. It guarantees around 100 an hour, which is no lie, but it fails to mention that only about 20 of those will even be visible due to the full moon. It's still a beautiful sight, though, and worth waiting for.
Stephanie, Linden, USA
I keep hearing this 'optical illusion' to explain the moon looking bigger close to the horizon, but my school boy physics tells me that light is refracted striking a transparent medium at an angle ,like air, or water, making an object appear bigger or not in the position it actually is.
Jeff Lawrence, London,
Driving home tonight there was a huge one, was an awesome large, long streak of blue-green, and then it burst at the end. Looked like a sideways firework at first. It was amazing to see it so close and large!
Carol, Shoreham, USA
We were driving along and saw 3 at different places. it was beautiful. We didnt know it was a shower until I read this though. Amazing
Thia, torrington,
In LA we just had light showers, so the sky should be clear and beautiful.
Leslie, Burbank, USA
Fat hope of seeing anything more than 50 feet away in broad daylight in the weather we're having in the UK tonight
anna, kendal, uk
Can't wait to go out and see these awesome displays of God's creation - thanks for sharing the article!
Leslie, Lawrenceburg, USA
dave,
Just do a quick google search on full moon myths.
People hve been perpetuating these falsehoods for hundreds if not thousands of years.
The moon makes people act crazy ... and prayer works ... silly things people believe with no evidence.
karen, fort worth,tx, usa
High tide up over 1 foot, sounds to me like global warming. Thank goodness Al Gore has warned us so we have time to put down the sand bags.
Mark, West Hartford, USA
Crime increases in a full moon and earthquakes often occur because of the gravitational pull of both sun/moon being at their strongest..... Wonder if I make it through the night unrobbed and unshaken?
dave, boca raton FL, usa
He just forgot to mention that in this country we will not be able to see anything at all, thanks to the lovely weather we always have here.
Vincent, London, UK
R William
The Moon - Earth and Sun are in a straight line at full and new moon so we get highest or 'spring tides' as the gravity fields align. At half moon the sun and moon are at right angles and the sun's gravity counteracdts the moons giving 'neap tides'.
John Portwood, Bishop Auckland, UK
I wondered why the wackos were out and about. not only is it a full moon, but it's a really, really, full moon.
YaGottaBeKiddingMe, Baltimore , USA
This is an amazing article that kept me going. I just got done with a test on astronomy, (Did pretty well) so I understand everything. That is so COOL! I hope it'll clear up tonight to see the fascination of the sky. LOOK UP TONIGHT EVERYBODY!!:)
Maddie, Burien,
Do they really mean the full moon makes higher tides? The Perigee thing is what does it this time. Not how much of the moon we see.
R. William, Aguila, US of A
sounds like i'll have to take a trip to the shore of lake michigan. the reflection on the water must be stunning. one of the few perks of living on the west side of the lake.. moon and sunrises. the aurora is amazing over the lake, too.. when we're lucky enough to get one this far south. ty times.
Josh, Kenosha, WI, USA
very well done article! ty.
mike, newark, nj , usa
Eric, in Tucson you have really good options for stargazing though, right? - just drive across the mountains away from the city. I spent quite a lot of time there last year and one of my favourite things is the night sky in the desert...
Pia, Berkeley, USA
This is wild because last night I was sitting outside having my one daily smoke (no lectures please) and I couldn't believe how bright the moon was. It was right over my head and lighting up the yard almost as if halogen lights were overhead. It was something I hadn't ever recalled in 56 yrs.
Jillian, Aurora, USA
Wheres the best place , oh astronomically minded ones, to watch this display in LONDON.
hampstead Heath?
From Uranus!!
Steve, brick, usa
The best place to watch a meteor shower is anywhere on the planet that has clear skies. (Just look up!) The best time is between midnight and dawn. Of course, a bright full moon is a serious detriment to observing meteor showers. Even worse if you're in a light-polluted urban area.
Eric, Tucson, USA
The moon almost always looks huge on the horizon in Oklahoma. It's beautiful to see as I'm driving home from work every evening. To see the meteor shower, however, we will be driving outside of town and parking in a field. It's going to be fabulous!
Allison M., Oklahoma City, USA
Will be watching from the high desert in California tonite we are on earthquake watch as well due to the strong tide pull.
Hugh G Rection, Palm Springs , USA
Wheres the best place , oh astronomically minded ones, to watch this display in LONDON.
hampstead Heath?
Gavin Martin, London,
Thanks for the 'heads up' .
Benzo, Nr Chelmsford,