Jonathan Clayton in Johannesburg
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The body of a young British wildlife enthusiast, who would have celebrated his 29th birthday today, was flown back to London last night after he was bitten by a deadly black mamba snake in South Africa.
Nathan Layton was taking part in a year-long training programme to fulfil his dream of becoming a game ranger when he was bitten by the snake, Africa’s most deadly, at a safari college on the edge of the Kruger game reserve.
Mr Layton was walking in the grounds of the South African Wildlife Campus in Hoedspruit with teachers and other students taking a safari field-guide course organised by the nature group Bushwise when the attack happened.
“Bushwise staff acted immediately, calling an ambulance when Nathan reported symptoms of a snake bite. Nathan was pronounced dead soon after the ambulance arrived at the campus,” the group said in a statement. “He died as a result of a lethal bite, given to him by a juvenile black mamba snake.”
Johan Fourie, who runs a similar school in Ladysmith in the southern part of the country, said yesterday that it was unlikely that an antidote to snake venom would have been on hand because it can only be administered by doctors and is not the primary response to snake bites.
When it is decided to administer anti-venom the patient also has to be monitored carefully for side-effects, such as violent increases in temperature, which can also be dangerous, he said.
Mr Layton, from Wing, Buckinghamshire, and his girlfriend, Laura Woolley, who was taking the same course, had gone to South Africa via the British-based ethical volunteering organisation, Global Vision International (GVI).
GVI sends 2,000 young Britons abroad each year to work on conservation and charity projects in the developing world. Many go to South Africa.
“Bushwise and GVI are collating information and witness statements and also are working closely with the local police and authorities to assist them in their own investigation,” Bushwise’s statement added.
Ms Woolley was believed to be a passenger on a flight bringing Mr Layton’s body home from South Africa last night. His parents, Robert and Ann, declined to comment.
Friends and relatives had expected Mr Layton to return to Britain with an internationally recognised safari guide qualification and to begin a career in wildlife or conservation. Ms Woolley has expressed an interest in continuing with the course out of respect for Mr Layton’s memory.
A memorial page on the social networking website Facebook, established after news of his death on March 4 spread, contains comments from 112 friends. “Died doing what he loved,” says one entry, posted below his date of birth. Another entry says simply: “We love you buddy — you’ll be missed and never forgotten.”
The black mamba is the second-most venomous snake in the world and one of the deadliest. It is found in many parts of South Africa and has been responsible for the death of at least two game rangers in the Kruger in the past ten years.
The incident, the first death of a student on a GVI project, is certain to reawaken concern about the safety of young Britons on overseas programmes.
Richard Walton, director of GVI, said: “We are all deeply saddened by this terrible incident. We are doing all we can to help the family at this difficult time. Counselling has been supplied to the other students on the campus and ongoing support will continue to be offered to anyone who needs it.”
The shy killer
— The black mamba is the second-largest venomous snake, after the king cobra, reaching 4m long
— It is also the fastest snake, at up to 9mph
— Found in eastern and southwest Africa, it lives off lizards, birds and rodents
— Generally, it is a shy snake and will hide to escape human beings. It fights viciously if cornered
— When striking prey, black mambas can raise their heads a metre above the ground
— Without treatment, bites are almost certainly fatal, usually killing the victim within 20 minutes
Sources: Young People’s Trust for the Environment, National Geographic
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A safari school might want to consider having a doctor and antivenin nearby when folks go out in a large group to commune with nature.
Jim Harrison, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
I am sure if wildlife was in his blood that he will be loking down and smiling that he died doing what he loved. While I am sure everyone will miss him the conservation efforts he would have involved himself in will continue with him watching over the projects. I myself start the very same course in January 2009 and will ensure I think of Nathon everytime I am in the field.
Sarah Joubert, Pinner, England
My condolences to the family and those who loved Nathan.
It is tragic to know that such an eventuality could have been avoided if he had just told someone in authority that he had been bitten immediately it had happenned! Even so, a trip to a hospital for life support while antivenom is sought and administered can still take it's toll, depending on the suseptibility of the individual. Every one of us is an experiment of one. Antivenom for Black Mamba bites has a short shelf- life and cannot be stored on site or administered outside of a controlled medical environment, where it must be given by a Doctor. The common protocol on snake bite is to treat all bites symptomatically, even for a positively identified snake.
Africa is considered a continent of inefficiency, but when it comes to the natural residents there is NO inefficiency in performance. As one who grew up in the African bush, if this man died pursuing his dream and doing what he loved this is some consolation. Shalom
Rowan, Livingstone, Zambia
Mike Webb is so so right in this case, if you know that you have been bitten by a mamba you do not wait for an ambulance, you have to grow wings and fly to the hospital or you will die very quickly.
My little terrier was bitten by an adult mamba back in the sixties, it lost all mobility, fluttered and died within minutes.
Ian, London,
I know someone who was bitten by a black mamba in Port Edward who was immediately rushed to the Margate hospital at 160km/hr, who survived. Something is very wrong if they had identified the snake as a black mamba and then waited for an ambulance. Did they not have a vehicle?
Mike Webb, Roodepoort, South Africa
My condolances to the family and friends.
I traveled in Kenya in 2006 and met two missionaries there who had learned to treat black mamba snake bites with a stun gun. The electrical impulse denatues the venom protein. Then they treat the victim with antibiotics for the wound. They had personally treated 31 people and they had all survived. They were in very romote areas where there was no hope getting to antivenom. I can't speak to the authenticity of this claim but I totally trust the people that told me of their experiences.
Alice, Grass Valley, CA / USA
I entered this web site quite by chance and continued out of idle curiosity. The death of Nathan is, of course, a tragedy. What has struck me are those who are total strangers to him and his family who have sent their best wishes and I am happy to believe that there is good in this world.
It's heartening and I applaud you all.
Alec., Norfolk., England.
I was under the impression he was bitten in a controlled situation, but the bite was not considered to have injected poison into his system. That it was only when his vision started blurring - by which time it was too late - that anything was done.
Just goes to show how confusing different reports can be.
Mike Poulsen, Reading, Berkshire
To Jess in Oxford. Anti venom lasts for a very short time, and needs to be kept at a controlled temperature. You cannot carry anti venom for all of the dangerous snakes in Africa with you when you go walking in the bush.
I worked in SA for 5 years in the bush and if you do that you know the risks involved, from large predators, to snakes, to spiders. You have to be careful at all times, but sometimes it is just bad luck.
I have witnessed a nick (not even a bite) from a puff adder which almost led to an amputation, but thankfully didn't - and this was on a person who had grown up in the bush.
What happened to Nathan is truly tragic, but should not be seen as a lack of responsible attitude by his guides and teachers - they know what they are doing and they offer sound solid advice at all times. If you live and work in the bush you have to be aware of what you are doing and take responsiblity for yourself, just as you would anywhere else in the world.
A Woolsey, London, UK
Seems to me that those teachers with him should have been carrying anti venom with them at all times especially in a place where such a deadly snake can be living. It also seems like a terrible case of pure bad luck and being in the wrong spot at the wrong time. it seems to be a waste of a beautiful life but of course being mortal we can't see the whole picture. God bless Nathan and his family and friends.
Jess, Oxford, UK
Very sad. Though snake envenomations abide by no rules I think one should familiarize themselves with the "pressure bandage" technique when venturing anywhere in Africa, Asia, Australia, Indonesia etc. Though it could have been mute since his death was so rapid studies have shown that applying a pressure bandage right after a snake bite (those snakes with neurotoxins as the main venom component i.e Mambas, Cobras, Kraits, coral Snakes etc) can delay the progression of the venom up to 6 hrs, possibly more. Black Mamba bites can treated quite successfully with antivenom if one can make it to a hospital in time and have been treated with only artificial respiration.
Very tragic. My prayers go out to his family and friends.
Jeremy, Washington, DC USA
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