Sam Coates, Chief Political Correspondent and Jonathan Clayton in Johannesburg
Enter our Snapshots of Summer photography competition

Britain and its international allies will urge South Africa to cut off electricity supplies to Zimbabwe if Robert Mugabe steals the election in two weeks’ time, The Times has learnt.
Plans are being drawn up to persuade Zimbabwe’s allies to mount an economic blockade and diplomats are considering a ban on the children of the elite going to school in Europe if Mr Mugabe loses the election but refuses to step down.
Concern is growing at the scale of the violence and intimidation before the rerun of the presidential election on June 27, with David Miliband, the Foreign Secretary, describing yesterday as “sadism” the murder and torture in the country.
Mr Mugabe vowed at the weekend that Zimbabwe would never be ruled by his “puppet” opponent, Morgan Tsvangirai, the leader of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). Mr Tsvangirai has been detained five times over the past ten days. The MDC says that 66 of its supporters have been killed since the first-round polls in March.
Gordon Brown, commenting yesterday on the action against Mr Tsvangirai and the MDC, said that it was “further proof, if it is needed, that Robert Mugabe is becoming more blatant in his attempts to steal the 27 June election”.
Diplomatic sources recognise that the run-up has become so bloody that the election might not be able to proceed. They still profess hope, however, that Mr Mugabe will be unable on polling day to overturn his opponent’s adavantage of 47.9 per cent to 43.2 per cent.
Private opinion polls are being quietly held in Zimbabwe; diplomats hope that the results can be used to show a decisive lead for Mr Tsvangirai and employed in the propaganda war during polling weekend.
Diplomats are also optimistic that individual polling stations will display the results of their ballots, making it more difficult for numbers to be altered in Harare before they are announced.
Mr Miliband spoke over the weekend to Ban Ki Moon, the UN Secretary-General, as part of efforts to increase the number of African election observers from 150 to 400.
Mr Mugabe was quoted in the state-run Sunday Mail as saying that he would be willing to hand power to a ruling-party ally when he was sure the country was safe from “sellouts” and from British interference, although he put no timing on such a decision.
The Foreign and Commonwealth Office is also drawing up a range of options in case the President refuses to go. It is hoping to persuade Zimbabwe’s neighbours to create an economic blockade. Vital imports have to come through Mozambique and South Africa. “One way or another, this summer is likely to mark the endgame for Robert Mugabe,” one diplomat said.
British diplomats are talking up their chances of building a wide coalition in case of the need for action, in the knowledge that this cannot be presented to Zimbabwe solely as a British issue. African statesmen, including the former Presidents of Nigeria, Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania and Benin, along with Kofi Annan, the former UN Secretary-General, signed a declaration on Friday expressing concern at the violence and calling on African leaders “at all levels” to oversee the election.
Privately, countries such as Nigeria have told diplomats that they are concerned at Zimbabwe’s effect on Africa’s reputation; the US has also been tough. Even China, which signed a trade deal with Zimbabwe, made a “helpful” intervention at a UN debate last Thursday, diplomats said.
Some of Zimbabwe’s intermittent electricity comes from South Africa, and diplomats believe that they might be able to persuade the South African Government to restrict or turn off the supply. Although this has been seen as tantamount to declaring economic war, public opinion has changed because South Africa is experiencing its own power shortages. There is also opposition to the sale of electricity to Botswana and Mozambique as well as Zimbabwe.
British officials are also examining ways of widening sanctions against Zimbabwe in ways that will not hurt the population further. Plans to freeze the financial assets of the Zimbabwean elite, in ways similar to those used on North Korea and Iran, are being considered.
The European Union may follow Australia in banning the children of the country’s leaders from being educated in member states. A military intervention is highly unlikely unless there is a “complete breakdown of law and order”.
Officials recognise that South Africa will be critical in attempts to put pressure on Mr Mugabe to go. That President Mbeki is still close to the Zimbabwean leader is seen as a problem.
Jacob Zuma, the president of the ANC, has been significantly more sympathetic, appearing publicly with Mr Tsvangirai and offering support. Mr Zuma wields considerable influence inside South Africa because he is regarded as the heir apparent before elections next year, and is already operating a “shadow government”.
Ways the world can act
Existing sanctions:
— Travel ban on about 100 top Zanu (PF) officials and executives. Ban does not cover world diplomatic conferences, hence Mr Mugabe’s recent appearance at the UN food summit in Rome
— Seizing of some assets
Future sanctions may include:
— Widening of travel ban to include relatives of Zanu (PF) members thought to be involved in human rights abuses
— Children of officials prevented from attending schools overseas
— Freeze bank accounts and assets held in US or EU by regime members, officials and relatives
— Complete trade embargo and ban on purchase of goods
— Action against Western companies maintaining a presence
— Freezing all aid
— Increased pressure on neighbouring states to suspend Zimbabwe from the Southern African Development Community
— Pressure on China to break off Zimbabwe relationship, which has allowed it to mitigate the impact of the current sanctions
Win a luxury weekend to Newcastle and its neighbour Gateshead, find out more here
Risk, resilience and embracing new technology
Industry sectors news at a glance. Interactive heatmap, video and podcast
Discover the power of collective thinking. Submit a solution and be in with a chance to win a Media Hub Home Entertainment System
The inside track on current trends in the charity, not for profit and social enterprise sectors
Everything the Business Traveller needs to know to make a better trip
Make the most of the summer and enter our fabulous photographic competition, you could win a £5000 holiday
Corsica is an island of beauty and contrast, an ideal holiday destination
Enjoy further reading from Travel to Fashion, Business to Sport, discover more
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
The clever way to lease a new car is with Car leasing made simple™
2009
per month on 36-month
Personal Contract Hire (PCH)
2008
42850
Car Insurance
£24,250 - £30,346
MI5
London
£60,000
The Environment Agency
Bristol
Up to £90K
Boots
Midlands
OTE £85k
Credit Protection Association
Nationwide Opportunities
Completely London
Luxury Condo's in Manhattan with NYC views
The best new homes in Wimbledon?
Nationwide
Fabulous Cruise And Cruise & Stay Offers Including Virgin Atlantic Flights Prices Start From Only £699pp!
Last Minute Cruise And Cruise & Stay Offers. Med From £499pp, Caribbean From £699pp!
5 star quality at a 3 star price.
8 fabulous Canadian cities ...you won’t find cheaper
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times, or place your advertisement.
Times Online Services: Dating | Jobs | Property Search | Used Cars | Holidays | Births, Marriages, Deaths | Subscriptions | E-paper
News International associated websites: Globrix Property Search | Property Finder | Milkround
Copyright 2009 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
Charan Muzaya, London, UK
Dear Charan Muzaya, why do you say China & Russia are bad guys? China is a peaceful developing country. Inspite of its own hardship many years ago,it helped Tanzania build a railway.Maybe u already know. Recently it wrote off African debts. It had never colonized Africa.
Lim, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Please take Nick Clegg's advice and cut off foreign exchange from Zimbabwe govt. Most people don't use official means to send Z$ remittances to their families anyway. Govt forex only ends up in Mugabe & friends's pockets! Stop the foreign exchange flow, and they won't be able to buy more bullets!
Charan Muzaya, London, UK
I disagree with those who say Britain and the west should not intervene in Zimbabwe. The fact that people in the west are so concerned gives me hope in mankind. The west are definitely the good guys, relatively, as noone is perfect. China and Russia are the bad guys, as Mozambique found out.
Charan Muzaya, London, UK
Nelson Mandela doesn't say anything because the poor man is as old as the hills and I understand has dementia. If he could, I am sure he would but mugabe doesn't listen to anyone. Anyway, I don't think he's really in charge anymore, the military mob is.
Susan, Texas, USA
Billions of pounds & dollars in aid and grants have been heaped on the Zim government and guess where most of it ended up. Certainly not for the benefit of the country nor the people. If you think it couldn't be worse, just look at Sierra Leone et al.
Susan, Texas, USA
The exchange rate is now Z$8 billion= US$1 for bank transfer or Z$5 billion= US$1 for cash. The reason a better rate for cash is if your money goes into a bank it gets stuck in a bank, you cant get it out other than Z$25billion per day (US$3-4). But sanctions will hurt the poor not the elite.
G M Thomson, Serborne UK,
Africa should ask Britain to butt out. There is no way South Africa will agree to sanctions against Zimbabwe irrespective of what happens in the election. The west has no understanding of African politics.
Winston Nkomo-Mason, Johannesburg, South Africa
Sanctions will not work as Mugabe's allies such as Mbeki will ensure he, personally, does not go short. What is needed is for it to be made 100% clear that unless the violence and the killing stop, Mugabe himself, all those responsible, will face the same penalty as Saddam Hussein. And then do it!
Rod Baker, Cape Town, South Africa
Y d blame game?It is easy to blame SA, UN, US, Mandela etc but none has a solution to this "problem". In those days when White farmers owned the farm in Zim, did most benefits go to Britain or to the Zims? Pls be truthful. Is it purely nationalism that the whites were forced out?
Lim, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
To: Colin, Cambridge,
Is this the reason why you want to get rid of Mr.Mugabe and the Zanu PF? Surely Zim is big enough and still have land to accommodate British buyers too. Why not have a joint venture to developed Zim for the Zims and not just shout and blame and threaten. Peace
170608
Lim, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
What happened to democracy? What happened to letting Zimbabweans choose and not we must find a way to get rid of their choice if its Mugabe.
We as Britons should avoid treating Iraqis or Zimbabweans as somehow subservient, for our images are only tarnished in so doing.
david, ipswich, uk
Scott Hawkins, Oceanside, USA
How in Gods name did the British have any hand in evicting white farmers and, as a result, destroying Zimbabwes food supply and economy?
Phill, Heswall, England
Why doesn't Zimbabwe suffer the same pressure as Rhodesia did under White Rule? Ask any black Zimbabwean and they will tell you it was better under White minority rule. Just as most Carribean islanders will tell you life was better under British rule.
Keith bentham, wigan, uk
Regrettably , nothing is going to work. Mugabe will be kept in power by his army of sycophants, it is they who stand to lose everything. Africa will do absolutely nothing, nor will the U.N..
Dave, Knysna, South Africa
It is outrageous how long it has taken the west to act over Zimbabwe, surely something has to be done to stop mUgabe?where is the UN? Hiding as usual whilst people die....pathetic
john, englnad,
Only the actions of the black goverments are put to question, zimbabwean need economic aid not more sanctions, all this talk will just make it worse for the ordinary zimabwean
jason van mwoyo, luton,
Where is MANDELLA during this terrible situation in Zimbabwe
Why is he not speaking out against such atrocities?Why is the BBC or CNN not seeking his opinion.?Mandella's views are worth a lot not only in Africa but also the rest of the world probably still more so than any other African leader.
Barry Clough, willington, durham
Consering that Nazi europe has failed to do anything about mugabe when he comes here, how does attacking the people help anything? There was plenty of opportunity to deal with him at the UN meeting, up to an including shotting down his airplane, yet nothing happened.
Chris, Derby,
Mugabe and Bush are the same. One should not be punished without the other. Guantanemo Bay is just as bad a crime as what is happening in Zimbabwe; human rights are taken away using abuse and force. When will the world open it's eyes to what white regimes do and not only black ones.
alicia, london, uk
The country needs the economic funding. However the leader is presenting himself as a madman. What the people need is peace. Threatening with sanctions might not work because this man clearly is not thinking of what the country needs and is probably not bothered by it. Suspend instead.
Kadia, Waterloo, Canada
Why is MANDELA silent on the situation within Zimbabwe? Why do the BBC or CNN not go and ask him for his opinion?Mandela's views are probably still worth more than any other African Leader and provided he is not in agreement with Mugabe his words could help solve the problem.
Barry Clough, willington, durham
Lim, Malaysia.
Zimbabwean farmland cannot be sold back to the whites because large swathes of sovereign territory have already been sold by Zanu PF to China/ Beijing. But as a maoist I guess you already know that.
Colin, Cambridge, United Kingdom
bit rich for mr brown and his government to have a go at mugabe for locking up people without charge while using bribes threats and intimedation to get a law pushed through parliment that means they can do the same thing here talk about pot calling kettle
brian rice, halifax, england
The hurt that a blockade could cause could not be worse than the hurt inflicted by Mugabe. Indeed, it might give some hope to the the Zimbabweans if they could see that the world cared for their plight.
After 28 years of Mugabe thuggery are we still blaming the British?
leila , manchester, uk
Scott Hawkins, Oceanside, USA
Mr. Mugabe hates certain blacks only. Yes, the blacks in MDC. He believed that these blacks are being supported and funded by the West. He feared that these blacks would sell Zim back to the whites. Umm, I share his fears.
160608
Lim, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Bugsy, Burley-in-Wharfedale, England
I agree. Beijing is heavily involved here. The political scene has a strong whiff of maoism. The pattern of Cambodia is being repeated. The population have been reduced to subsistance peasants. Now the starvation is underway. Mugabe was a friend of Pol Pot.
Colin, Cambridge, United Kingdom
This is absolute madness by the British, they are not punishing Mugabe, they are punishing the population of Zimbabwe!!!!!
Chris, Ashford, UK
It's pathetic. For decades Mugabe has, literally, got away with murder and all the rest of the world has done is tut-tutted and bleated. Until the UN adopts the idea that enforced Regime Change can sometimes be a GOOD THING we'll live in a world where despots and tyrants thrive.
John Lock, East Harling, UK
Mugabe is getting orders from his ruling military Junta and they inturn from Beijing, China pays the bills and owns swathes of the country. Democracy was last used in Zimbabwe when Ian Smith and Bishop Abel Muzorewa were in power for the short year. Sadly tribal loyalty means starvation for non ZANU
Bugsy, Burley-in-Wharfedale, England
Why does nobody ever public ask Mr.Mugabe why he has destroyed the productive farms during his period in office?
alanconnell, wilmslow, england
I hate everybody in position, who by action or innaction have perpertuated situations similar these; An automechanical engineer from Zimbabwe asking for a peace job from me; I like myself bcause unlike those I hate, my conscience bars me form exploiting hissituation in the drive for cheap labour
reginald, Lagos, Nigeria
If the UN got off its backside, maybe, just maybe, it could step in.
How can we watch this loser Mugabe trampling over a whole country and not do something to help its helpless citizens?
War, deplorable as it is, is sometimes necessary, and this is one of those times.
Get this man out!
Nick, London, UK
Given that this weekend the un-elected Political Elite of Euroland have shown the same respect of the people as Magabe does for those in Zimbabwe, it is surprising that they have not stood up and praised his endeavours.
Ian, Reading, UK
Africans leaders; What if this man is an 84 year old psycho, who is paranoid and deluded. What if he believes that everybody who disagrees with him including more than 50% of zimbabweans are enemies of his country and democracy, a war to liberate his country. Your eventual intervention will be late.
reginald, Lagos, Nigeria
I fail to see any logic in Scott Hawkins blaming Britain. Mugabe only cites Britian when something has gone wrong and he will not admit his own policies are to blame. The main fault lies with the other African countries who should have seen the danger much earler and done something about it.
George Steele, Keighley, England
If all international aid was withheld from the SADC members; the International trade organisation put pressure on the transport unions to blockade the Zimbabwe borders and, cancel the Soccer World Cup in 2010 in South Africa the world would soon see some action.
Patrick Christianson, Cape Town, Exiled Zimbabwean
Perhaps it would be kinder for the international community to accept more Zimbabwean refugees rather than make the few remaining ones suffer even more. If you want to put on Sanctions then look at Zimplats or the other big mines. Don't make the povo suffer even more.
alex stevenson, harare, zimnbabwe
Rhodesia; once a leading food supplier with a stable economy is now in ruins thanks to the British. The solution proffered hurts the people. Mugabee has already proven that he hates blacks and whites and is the worst of all bigots hiding his bigotry behind political rhetoric. He must be removed!
Scott Hawkins, Oceanside, USA