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In the cities, the streets were all but deserted. In the country, the queues stretched for yards. But everywhere the mood was the same: fear, dread and resignation.
The dawn that illuminated President Mugabe’s pantomime election day could not have been more different to that of three months ago, when three challengers shared the ballot with him and voters got up before first light, excited to be part of the change they scented.
An e-mail being circulated from Morgan Tsvangirai, leader of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, urged supporters not to boycott the polls if doing so would put their lives at risk.“Whatever might happen, the results . . . will not be recognised by the world,” Mr Tsvangirai said. “God knows what is in your hearts. Don’t risk your lives.” The result, he added, would “reflect only the fear of the people of Zimbabwe”, and he urged the international community to reject the result.
Even by the standard of the past two terrifying weeks, the atmosphere of fear yesterday was extraordinary. In Harare, police patrolled every block while pickup trucks of Zanu (PF) youth militia hurtled around the streets, their passengers singing revolutionary songs and heckling the few passers-by, demanding to know why they were not voting.
At farms south of the capital, huge queues outside polling stations were watched over by party officials. There and in the slum areas of Mbare and Epworth, voters arrived at the stations in groups accompanied by a local Zanu (PF) marshal, who ticked their names off lists and summoned them one by one to vote.
Along highways in Masvingo and Mashonaland roadblocks had sprung up overnight, mostly manned by Zanu (PF) militants. Motorists were stopped and ordered to the polls if they could not show the telltale little finger dyed pink with indelible ink, proving that they had voted.
Frances, a staunch MDC supporter, said that she had gone to vote purely to get her finger marked because of “Operation Red Finger”, a reprisal campaign that the regime has promised to launch against anyone unable to prove that they voted.
“If we don’t vote, they don’t see the finger. We will be in trouble,” she said. “They called it Operation Red Finger – if you didn’t vote, why? It means you are an opposition supporter.”
At a rally, the militia gave warning that failing to vote would be fatal. “They are going to cut off our heads,” Frances said. “We believe them because many people in Mbare were butchered.”
In the event Frances opted to spoil her ballot. It was an act of almost foolhardy bravery: she had to dodge the party officials outside recording the serial numbers of everyone’s ballot paper in order to check them after the vote. Inside the station, election officials directed vendors from the sprawling Mbare market to their own ballot box, warning them that if a single MDC vote was found there they would all be driven out of the market. Similar patterns of intimidation were reported across the country, suggesting a highly orchestrated and centralised campaign. Voters in some areas were told to pretend they could not write and to ask for help from police or party officials; in others they were told to feign arm injuries.
International condemnation was swift. Foreign ministers of the G8 industrialised nations meeting in Kyoto denounced the systematic violence, obstruction and intimidation in Zimbabwe and demanded that the Government work with the opposition. “We will not accept the legitimacy of any government that does not reflect the will of the Zimbabwean people,” they said in a statement.
In an interview with The Times, David Miliband, the Foreign Secretary, called the country’s economic collapse and political brutality “a scar on the whole continent”.
He said: “I think that there’s now a real responsibility on the African Union, as well as SADC [Southern African Development Community]. There are leaders across the AU speaking out, and I think that’s very significant. The AU is going to have to be part of the solution. It’s very clear to the UK that there’s no legitimacy for the Government of Robert Mugabe.”
Both the US and the EU dismissed the election as a sham. In an interview with Channel 4 last night, Archbishop Desmond Tutu implored the Zimbabwean leader to quit. “For goodness sake, Mr Mugabe, you can end this tragedy – step down,” he said. He said that Africa’s leaders “should declare Mr Mugabe illegitimate if he claims that he is the newly elected President of Zimbabwe”.
But in a sign that he intends to challenge the authority and character of the AU, the Zimbabwean President said that he would be at the group’s summit in Egypt and would point out that other African countries “have done worse things”. He added that he wanted them “to point at me, and we would see if those fingers would be cleaner than mine”.
Mr Tsvangirai left his refuge in the Dutch Embassy again yesterday to let fly at President Mbeki of South Africa, saying that he could no longer see any role for him as mediator in the crisis and accusing him of being ready to recognise yesterday’s election. Archbishop Tutu was also critical, saying that Mr Mbeki’s “softly softly” approach had not worked.
Few outsiders have been allowed in to observe the vote. Among those present were monitors from the Pan-African Parliament and the SADC. Their early assessments were grim. “The people are reluctant to talk,” Khalid A. Dahab, the Pan-African Parliament spokesman, said. “Some of them are saying, ‘We were told to come here’. It’s just not normal. There’s a lot of tension.”
An SADC observer said that the elections “were worse than those we witnessed in Angola in 1992 after decades of war and are not credible”. Domestic monitoring groups called off their plans to observe the vote because of the extreme violence their volunteers have been subjected to during the past months of terror.
State newspapers had predicted a massive turnout, as Mr Mugabe had demanded, but government radio was forced to concede that voters were only “trickling in”, attributing the slow start to the chilly winter weather.
As the polls drew to a close, fears were rising of a rapid backlash against those who refused to turn out. In contrast with the unexplained delay that followed March’s election, this result is expected today and Mr Mugabe could be sworn in as early as Sunday, by which time retribution could be well under way.
People have been warned that the intimidation will not end with the vote. The all-day and allnight pungwes, or indoctrination sessions, that millions have been forced to attend are to continue in case people “forget” who they should support.
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When this is all over, and the international Community (inc SADC) finally get their act together, can we expect Mugabe and his henchmen to be summoned to The Hague to face charges for Crimes Against Humanity? It seems that the majority of the ZANU-PF are murderers/thugs.
Hugh, Buckfastleigh, England
Remember Ian Smith? I cannot forget when I was a kid, watching him interviewed by some smart BBC interviewer when he was PM (then Rodesia) responding to the question about one man one vote. He looked into the camera and said - look, here in this country it will be one man...one vote...ONCE.
Hmmmm
Tony Baynes, Sydney, Australia
Let them get on with it, lets look closer to home and realise the problems in our own country eh!
Colin Tate, London, UK
I hope when they do finally get this mad man and his government out, that the people of Zimbabwe remembers China's part in backing him. Get rid of Mugabe and deny China any future in your country.
Mike Hall, Thetford, United kingdom
Friday's Zimbabwean Presidential elections have been declared illegitimate (BBC news 6.00pm today). Zimbabwe is therefore currently without a recognised head of state.
Colin , Carmarthen, UK
Charan Muzaya, London, UK
The differnece between us is that I grew up in post independent Zim - 1st class education and opportunity. The london city firm I work for has no British black males - on saturdays I help "da yoof" in inner city London - everyday I thank the heavens I was born in Zim.
Roger Ndaba , St Albans, UK
As an Oil Exploration Engineer I can tell you Zimbabwe is sitting the world's largest reserve of oil, will the West do something now?
The above statement is untrue.
Rob, Brum, Uk
Jim, Memphis, USA:
You're wrong to think liberalism got Mugabe the presidency. It was in fact ultra-conservatism. Long before Mugabe was known, there were moderate black leaders who the white leaders should have cut a deal with. They did not, and people saw the militant Mugabe as their only saviour
Charan Muzaya, London, UK
What an evil racist Mugabe is! Turning his election into an anti white frenzy. His fellow heads of State on the African Continent have until very recently supported him and many still do. Could it be they are tarred with the same brush?
People are finally becoming bored with Africa.
Pedro Tam, London, UK
Corruption is responsible for the collapse of the Zim economy. White-owned farms were seized to b given to the war vets who were complaining at being left off the gravy train. They had previously been kept quiet with money but this time money had run out. Farms were not seized for fair distribution!
Charan Muzaya, London, UK
Mugabe cannot afford to stand down neither can his staff nor his henchmen. He is as a drugs baron who wants to retire but is afraid of what will happen to him when another Mr Big takes over. The ZANU-PF gangster clan will be killed off under a new regime. Quite literally and that is their fear.
T J Harris, Brighton, UK
How ever can Zimbabwe be represented at the African Union Summit in Cairo on Monday? The country will not not have a legitimate, recognised Head of State to represent their national interests.
Colin , Carmarthen, UK
Roger Ndaba , St Albans, UK:
Mugabe has a place in history as the person who destroyed the lives of millions of Zimbabweans; the man who lost Zimbabwe two generations and took away the innocence of what was once one of the most peaceful and generous people in the world. Some reputation that!
Charan Muzaya, London, UK
There's an old saying home in Trinidad, "pressure does buss pipe". It is very apt for this situation, the West and other African nations have got to put real pressure on Mugabe's regime.
Pstar, Tampa, USA
As a Christian I would like to refer to the comments of Mr.James Marbella. I would like you to know Mr.Marbella that God is alive and well. He has also given us the freedom of choice, therefore, the things you see happening in Zimbabwe is Man made,and he will end it all in his own time.
Jeffrey Churchill, Pierrefonds, Quebec. CANADA
Harold Wilson and Jimmy Carter should be given credit for what Sir Robert Mugabe has accomplished. Their pressure was essential in putting him in power.
Be proud of what you liberals have accomplished...
Jim, Memphis, USA
well said Rodger K. Only when you have lived in Africa will you understand the Blackman. As Ian Smith said the words ring true in all of Africa.
warren, Pretoria, south africa
In 1963, just twelve months after the British withdrew from Tanganyica (Tanzainia) Royal Marines went back in and disarmed the Tanzanian army - which had revolted (no you will find very little information on the military action). Mugabe and his cronies (police & army) could be delt with similarly.
Dennis, Plymouth, Devon
Steve, London, UK
Did you count the number of black faces at the Hyde park event ? A sea of white faces celebrating the man who helped to end white rule ? Western propaganda is genius ! If you think Mugabe has no place in Zim's history you are dead wrong.
Roger Ndaba , St Albans, UK
I suppose the anti Smith marchers and the Malcolm Frasers of this world will still try to claim that they were helping Rhodesia cast off the shackles of the British. God help us from the hoody huggers of the past and of the future
Nigel Hamley, Melbourne, Australia
If God is real,why does he not strike Mugabe down with a massive stroke or something?Tens of thousands are being butchered and this God does nothing about it.
Jesus supposedly healed,but why did he only heal a few?Why not heal everyone?
God is dead and therefore man has to take action.
James, Marbella, Espana
A classic case of African democracy as my father always said .. "One man, One Vote, Once". Africa deserves Mugabe and Mugabe deserves everything Africa will give him when he falls
Graham, Fleet, UK
well said rogerK and ian smith. sir robbie boy continues and who put him there??
the british...harold wilson your boy comes home to roost.
peter jones, moscow, russia
The Blacks in Africa have been bleating on about white interference for years, so I say leave them to it & then it will be obvious that they have not the ability or the honesty to be able to run countries.
When Africa's on its knees, we can then go & rebuid & hopefully get a little thanks.
Pete, St Albans, England
I think the focus should not be on simply getting rid of mugabe, but the fact that if we don't the lives of so many people will suffer. The largest hyper-inflation ever seen, starvation, living in fear. Not many can imagine their situation. Human Rights should be at the forefront of every argumement
Tony Hughes, Abergavenny, Wales
Africa is becoming a very dangerous and ever more corrupt place. The other African leaders don't want their own boats rocked, while their people all suffer. The "white" west is blamed while the "Black" leaders just line their own pockets.
CA, Manchester, UK
Evil always flourishes when good men do nothing. How true that is in the tragedy called Zimbabwe.
Keith, Helsinki, Finland
As Ian Smith said when he handed over -
"Mugabe is not capable of running this country as time will tell"
RogerK, Brioze, France
Pantomime is the right word for it. But for Zimbabweans this is no entertainment. Will Mugabe now take up his place again around the African political table? Will other black leaders treat him with defferance and respect? My God!! Africa is a grim and terrible place if they do.
Colin , Carmarthen, UK
Wouldn't operation Middle finger have been a better name?
I mean after all if you aren't for Mugabe then well let me demonstrate!
Jason Pearson, Toronto, Canada
The "father of African liberation", the Marxist proponent of one man, one vote, makes a mockery of democracy and liberation and free choice and independence and he turns the breadbasket of Africa into a place of terror, brutality and starvation as the world watches idly, murmuring useless words.
Saone Crocker, Washington DC, USA
Why does the world have to stand by and watch this ludicrous event without raising a finger?
RD, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico
Two leaders. Mandela in South Africa and Mugabe in Zimbabwe. You could feel the love and respect for Nelson Mandela at Hyde Park last night. Both have defined their place in history through their actions but, oh people of Africa, why do you have to suffer tyrants so when saints live amongst you.
Steve, London, UK
I hope he enjoys this farcical pyrrhic victory. His bankrupt country will stutter on for a little while but is now nearly totally isolated, its people desperate. It will soon be the North Korea of Africa. You may be in power Mr Mugabe but you will soon only have your henchmen to preside over.
Paul Owen, Birmingham, UK
Please, Africa, stand up to this Dictator. Days of Dictators have gone & there is plenty of help for flourishing Democracies Things are definitely different now we have the Internet so Mugabe & cronies WILL be helt to account. Urge your leaders to choose for democracy - this will benefit all of you
LT, Warminster, UK
Saying, as the EU has, that the Zimbabwe elections are a "travesty of democracy" is like saying there was a problem with the catering arrangements during the Rwandan genocide. Once again, the world sits idly by.
Adam, Hong Kong,
Democracy in Africa: One man, one vote, once.
GK, Calgary, Canada
King Robert the First has dropped a few zero's here and there in the past to get the banking numbers to work for him, now the man who brought us "one man one vote " has dropped a "one", hence in election talk we now have a "one man vote". Lesson in african democracy. All hail King Robert!! Or else!
Quentin Kelly-Edwards, Wimborne, United Kingdom