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The first rule when building the world’s tallest tower is to keep its height a secret — otherwise you run the risk of someone beating you to it.
Emaar, the Dubai state-owned construction company, is tight-lipped on how tall the Burj tower is going to be, mindful that Kuwait is trying to outdo its neighbour with its own Silk City development. But Dubai insists that the Burj will be the world’s tallest — a least for a few weeks. To qualify, the Burj will have to be more than 508m (1,666ft) to overtake the current tallest building — the Taipei 101 in Taiwan.
Already half built, it is rising by a floor every two days. Construction will cost $1.1 billion (£550 million) and will have taken six years from digging the foundations 50 metres into the desert to its 2009 opening.
This cost is considered to be low partly because all 4,000 of the Burj construction workers are Indian immigrants. Their working conditions have attracted the attention of human rights agencies such as Human Rights Watch, which this year called for new legislation to protect workers’ rights and criticised the flaws in Dubai’s draft legislation. The group highlighted shortcomings for workers, such as their inability to strike. In its report, Building Towers, Cheating Workers, the organisation documented the Government’s refusal to allow construction workers to organise trade unions and to bargain collectively, and the recent passing of a resolution banning striking workers from employment for at least a year.
The Burj is expected to be completed in 2009 and sticks out of the skyline like a glass syringe. The height of the needle (which is not occupied space but will be the ultimate decider of height) is a secret, but the tower’s overall height is expected to exceed 700 metres.
While the building is unique in its height, it is merely another skyscraper in a city that resembles a science fiction fantasy more than a pearl-diving-cum-financial centre. Dubai wants to be bigger, better and brasher than the rest of the world, as part of the vision of the kingdom’s ruler — Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum — to build a financial and tourist centre to rival those of the West.
George Efstathiou, the managing partner of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, the Chicago-based architect of the tower, said: “There is a flurry of activity for emerging economies to make themselves known by building the world’s tallest tower. That’s what Dubai has done.”
It takes two minutes in two express lifts to reach the top, shooting through 155 floors, a designer hotel, offices, luxury apartments and three swimming pools (one of which is for women only). The office at the top of the tower, which will have a circular view, is expected to house the chairman of Emaar. But, according to Emaar, the site area, to be known as downtown Dubai, has benefited from around $20 billion of investment in smaller towers and developments.
The base of the tower will house a luxury hotel designed by Giorgio Armani, with serviced apartments on top. Flats occupy the higher slice of the tower, with offices to the top. A two-bedroomed apartment on the 73rd floor recently sold for around $1.5 million. Any doubts about the level of demand for Dubai real estate are flatly rejected. Greg Sang, the assistant director of projects for Emaar, said that the structure is “pretty much sold out”.
“There will also be a premium for any property which can even see the tower. There really are very few places in the world where there is space to build this kind of development,” he added. Skidmore, Owings and Merrill also drew up plans for the Canary Wharf tower, and its older partners worked on the Sears Tower in Chicago.
According to Mr Efstathiou, “Wind is the biggest enemy of a tall tower. The trick is tuning a structure so that it has elastic movement, but the movement is not perceived by a human in the building.”
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I think it is just silly how fast it is being built, I have lived in the UAE for the past 8 years; 6 in Abu Dhabi, and the last 2 in Dubai. I can tell you that this must not be safe, as I am sure the safety standards of Dubai's construction companies are falling drastically.
Only a couple of months ago there was a fire on top of a building halfway through consruction, and a few weeks before that an underground carparl - I think - collapsed on top of some workers trapping them. They are being far too under-paid some of them earning 27 dhs a week ( 5 British Pounds/ 6 - 7 US $). That's my say.
Gregor Thomas, Chiang Mai, Thailand
"""membership of Trade Unions is no longer the norm and Collective Bargaining is not permitted in many "civilised" countries. """
What exactly do you mean by civilized countries? Just because a totalitarian state is quickly becoming the world's dominant economic power does not mean that it now sets the standard of what is civilized. Principles do not change. Only whether or not they are upheld.
Vladimir, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Dubai always depended on "illegal" immigrants for its workforce. I lived and worked in Dubai in 1970s. Most of Dubai's labour force travelled from Sub Continent by sea to landed illegally on the coast. They lived in shanty towns around Dubai/Sharjah without electricity, sewerage and running water. Dubai had no workforce of its own and depended on these illegal immigrants. Amnesties were declared several times to legalise these workers' stay in the country. There are still illegal workers in Dubai but most are legal these days. Employers are required to provide living accommodation, food, leave and air fares. Workers are protected by Dubai's Labour Law and a separate Labour Law Court. Lack of Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining is presented as "uncivilised" when in fact membership of Trade Unions is no longer the norm and Collective Bargaining is not permitted in many "civilised" countries.
Dubai's wealth is based on TRADE not OIL. Oil enabled infrastructure development.
Len Chapman, Brisbane, Australia
I'd like to point out that the fact that the UAE basically has no more oil is PRECISELY the reason why they have invested so much in business and tourist facilities. The Sheikh knows that he doesn't have another natural resource remotely on par with oil to generate revenue, so he's created real estate, business opportunities and luxurious and attractive tourist destinations. I agree very much with Deen from London on this matter. Particularly with regards to the work force, and I think that seeing as it is only mentioned very briefly in the article itself, with no discussion of the worker's conditions that to automatically assume that the project is "sucking the sweat and blood of poor people" is ludicrous. If you're going to make ridiculous statements at least have something to back it up. Take this in perspective - they're being denied the right to be in a Trade Union, they are NOT slaves being beaten and whipped.
James Holloway, Edinburgh, UK
When the world switches to ethanol, that is when they can afford to supply this much ethanol, the ME will no doubt still sell oil becaus it will still be a cheaper and there will still be buyers in the world. so i see oil as a cheaper alternative to ethanol. The problem is not so much oil but the innefficent and sometimes gigantic internal combustion engine. Ethanol is more of an economic move by the brazilian sugar industries to divesify because ethanol is more expensive than selling sugar. guess where brazillian ethanol and sugar comes from? The competition is and will be between these two fuels.
sam, nyc, usa
Is it me or do i always see negative comments coming from people when positives are occuring in middle eastern (oh wait! muslim) countries. To my dear Raj, No doubt you must be British of Indian decent, as I am British of Bengali decent and im certain you would agree that SOME work is better than NO work. You state, that it is built with the sweat and blood of poor people, and I assume you mean indian constructors, but let me ask you this, do u think those poor south asian constructors would even get a job in european countries in their current numbers?? NO! At least it is better than having footballs stitched by poor pre-teen kids and sold in the world market by Indian business men! and to my friend Gaurav, you should note that the state of Dubai has been without oil for some years now and still it is building, they are allready investing in education projects and universities across the ME, so my answer to your question would be, the growth will continue as is doing now without OIL
Deen, London, UK
Thought it would be useful to note that the United Arab Emirates have been bone dry of oil for quite some time now. The boom that is occurring in Dubai is not being funded strictly by oil revenues, but more so through the resulting real estate development which has been spurred by a very impressive self-marketing campaign conducted by its leader, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. I for one am very happy to see a thriving city state in the Middle East. It should serve as a beacon of hope for its regional neighbors. However, that is not to say I agree with whatever inhumane labor practices which are occurring there.
Shane Lewis, Mexico City, Mexico
My dear friends in Dubai and elsewhere, I am wondering what will happen when ethanol is used instead of oil. I am not visualizing the likely scenario when the oil runs out. Research on ethanol is very active. Look at BP. Brazil is already a leading user of ethanol in the entire world and U.S. is expected to follow suit. A majority of Brazilâs automobiles run on ethanol. Not only automobiles, but entrepreneurs in Brazil are lighting their factories and meeting their power needs though ethanol. I would like to know what will happen when the petro-dollars stop flowing. Does Dubai produce any engineers, doctors, architects, designers, managers, world-class leaders of its own?
How will the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum fulfill his vision once technology related to ethanol is proven, since there is no scope left for cutting down on the wages of the 4,000 Burj Indian immigrants construction workers?
Gaurav Gupta, New Delhi, India
What happens when the oil runs out or ethanol technology makes oil redundant?
Gaurav Gupta, New Delhi, India
it is not world tallest tower it is world's corrupted tower. How can anyone be proud of such a buildinng when it is built by sucking the sweat and blood of poor people. What really annoys me is that people like Giorgio Armani are involved in such cruel project and they never dare to challenge the authority .
Shame on all of you and shame to the people of dubai...
Raj, London, United kingdom
veeeeeeeeeeeeeery taaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaall
basem, Toronto, Canada
But you can see quite clearly - it is leaning to one side. On a foggy day, it looks like the Leaning Tower of Pisa transplanted to the Middle East
Boz Ford-Tippex, Dubai, UAE