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Burma's military junta tonight imposed daytime curfews and a ban on gatherings of more than five people in an attempt to bring a halt to eight days of widespread demonstrations.
The regime deployed soldiers and riot police around Rangoon as an estimated 30,000 Buddhist monks and 70,000 secular demonstrators once again marched through the city, with rumours that it was readying large numbers of troops to crush the protests.
President Bush unilaterally tightened sanctions on Burma today amid hints that the dictatorship of General Than Shwe was planning to suppress by force the biggest challenge to military rule in 19 years. Residents said that curfews had been imposed on the cities of Rangoon and Mandalay along with the assembly ban, indicating that the regime was no longer prepared to tolerate this continued defiance of its authority by a people it has held in an iron grip for over four decades.
Loudspeaker announcements in Rangoon, the former capital, said the curfew would run from 9:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. local time, but there were few signs today that the monks and nuns leading the protests were prepared to obey. In a further signal that a potentially brutal military crackdown was imminent, the city was also placed under direct control of its military commander for 60 days.
The troops visibly deployed on the street were relatively few in number – some 200 soldiers and riot police in eleven trucks, according to reports - but Burmese exiles in Thailand reported that two divisions of troops had been diverted from the civil war in other parts of the country to converge on Rangoon. If true this would be an ominous move from a Government which killed as many as 3,000 protesters after similar mass demonstrations in 1988.
Amid worldwide entreaties for military restraint, US President George W. Bush told the UN General Assembly that, "Americans are outraged by the situation in Burma". He broke off from his planned speech to announce tougher sanctions on Burma and called on other countries to follow suit.
"The United States will tighten economic sanctions on the leaders of the regime and their financial backers. We will impose an expanded visa ban on those responsible for the most egregious violations of human rights, as well as their family members," he said.
"The ruling junta remains unyielding, yet the people’s desire for freedom is unmistakable."
Opposition leaders in Rangoon are struggling to contain the energy of the demonstrations to prevent anything which could be used as a pretext for a crackdown by the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), as the junta calls itself. They fear a split between radicals, who want to bring down the regime, and moderates who believe that the most important thing is to avoid frightening off ordinary Burmese and bring of them out onto the street in an overwhelming display of moral authority.
Ironically, the demonstrators are demanding much less of the SPDC than foreign governments, including Britain. Today, the foreign secretary, David Miliband, said that he hoped to see Aung San Suu Kyi, the detained opposition leader and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, become the leader of Burma. The monks are asking for no more than an apology for abuse by the regime, the lowering of fuel prices, the release of political prisoners and political dialogue with the junta.
"There should be no agitation to topple the military regime," Sann Aung, a member of Ms Suu Kyi’s National League for Democracy, told The Times yesterday. "It will make people much more wary of a military response and people will become very reluctant to join the movement."
Car with loudspeakers drove around the city yesterday morning warning citizens not to join the demonstrations. "People are not to follow, encourage or take part in these marches," the warning said. "Action will be taken against those who violate this order." But as well as Rangoon, there were demonstrations in at least seven other towns and cities.
Guerrilla commanders of the Karen National Union, an ethnic army which is fighting the SPDC for control of territory close to the Burma-Thai border, reported that two army divisions were pulling out of the region, apparently for Rangoon. "They could get there pretty quickly," said Colonel Ner Dah Mya. "By tomorrow, maybe today."
Just as on previous days, the barefooted monks marched from the famous Shwedagon Pagoda down to the Sule Pagoda and then the United Nations offices, bearing portraits of the Buddha and chanting prayers, while people linked hands to form a chain around them.
Their slogans expressed only indirect attacks on the regime. "Release Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners," went one chant, and: "May the will of the people be fulfilled." The crowd responded: "Our cause."
Meanwhile, young activists with small digital cameras and mobile phone cameras sent out a steady stream of still and moving images of the demonstrations via the Internet, despite the efforts of the regime. Since the earliest demonstrations of a few hundred people last month, mobile and fixed telephone lines of activists have been cut off and blocks have been installed in Burmese Internet servers.
But the young activists use foreign hosted servers or "proxy sites" which side-step the firewalls and can access banned foreign news sources and free email services and chat software. Proxy servers such as Glite, Your-freedom.net and Yeehart.com are constantly updated by programmer outside Burma in response to the junta’s attempts to block them.
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I am praying that God will empower the monks and students to achieve democracy and rid themselves of this oppressive regime.Power to the powerless and set the Burmese free to choose their leaders.
Cecilia , La Nucia, España
Those who talk of United Nations action are backing a toothless tiger! I applaud freedom actions all over the world, but to expect any 'world-government' organisation to back them is a pipe dream - until, of course, we have a world political goverment - if ever..................
John Withers, Burntwood, UK
"The United Nations have been proven to be a toothless organisation. It's no coincidence that the HQ is in New York. Where the US Government can pull its strings. Now is the time that the leading nations of the world 'unite' and quickly snub out this bullying dictatorship."
The above nonesense will be allowed to stand without fear of contradiction. The fact that there was a UN Security council resolution, sponsored by the United States, back in January, condemming the human rights abuses practised by the Myanmar regime and vetoed by the Russian, Chinese and South Affrican friends of the regime will be carefully censored from these comments.
Mark Lyndon, London, UK
Although the Article by Nico Hines is well written, most of the commentry below is uninformed.
The United Nations have been proven to be a toothless organisation in this case, mainly because the good friends of the Burmese military junta, the Chinese and the Russians on the Security Council have consistently opposed any action against them. The regime would have collapsed long ago were it not for their consistent support. The Americans merely pay most of the costs of running the UN.
Mark Lyndon, London, UK
So, it would be ok to send troops to Burma, but it was wrong to do so in Iraq??? We should intervene in Darfur, but not Afghanistan?
This is nothing but moral posturing.
Dan , london, uk
Does Bush even know where Burma is?
Gareth Dowling, Belfast,
I'd like to say thank you to The Times for keeping this topic on its headline. People who take democracy for granted should not tolerate another Tiananmen to unfold. If our so called democratic governments keep egnoring the voice of Burmese people and keep treating the junta as a regitimate government, they are false. We should reject them as well or else we should be ashamed of ourselves.
Hiss, Taipei, Taiwan
Aung San Suu Kyi is NOT the "opposition" leader. She is the legitimate leader of the country, and was illegally imprisoned by the military.
I hope that the people of Burma will finally succeed in bringing to justice, the criminal traitors who currently hold power over them.
-jcr
John C. Randolph, Cupertino, California, USA
Myanmar is not Islamic so America and the Western countries can only impose sanction. That's about all they will do. No oil, not Christian, not Islamic; y-e-a-h-h "sanction" is just about right. Long Live the Junta!!!
C H Lin, Singapore,
It may be a few days before the military are ordered to break up the demonstrations.As the commander of the Police force is an Army General, the riot police will be backed by special forces from tribes other than Burmese, eager to "get rid " of as many Burmese as possible.When this kind of blood -letting commences, discipline ,even military discipline is difficult to maintain, hence, large casualties inevitabl.Gen, Than Shwe is not a man influenced by world opinion or cares about "foreign" commentators and he will be watching this with interest.There are still some Generals who are sensitive to the suffering of the people and are fully aware of the devastation that their regime has brought on this once-rich nation.A whole generation of people who have never lived without fear of the military uniform in one form or another.You can not fight the Burmese military and win with out an outbreak of civil war,, history has taught us that it will take an outside power to mediate and compromise.
miguel Sanchez, London, Uk
Of course, peacefu, religious, passive, Monks who clearly are unarmed and will remain so, making a protest against poverty, injustice and dictatorship, no doubt are a huge threat to be tackled with by riot police!! I've never heard anything so ridiculous!!
The government of Burma might want to ask themselves the question "why is this happening? What are we doing or not doing that would cause this?" But will they?
Tarni, London, UK
So surreal, as the Burmese military dictatorship is now preparing to demonstrate to the whole world they have an identical mindset to Pol Potâs, Khmer Rouge, by acting as butchers in the slaughter of its own countryâs Priests and Nunâs, while the so-called leaders of the world âdo nothingâ and just watch as passive spectators!
Frank, Manchester, UK
hi,
weird, everybody here seems to forget (or not knowing) that there might be no oil, but there is gas...
ask Total company...
>>>and just take a closer look here:
http://www.birmanie.net/birma/ab012.html
and from here, have access to all information..........................
because, obviously, seems that everyone need to be informed in a better way...
thx
LoLtheus, Paris, France
It´s time the world intervened to crush this vile dictatorship.
Just because there is no oil involved will be a poor excuse.
The monks and the people of Burma should be given all available means to overthow these illegitimate rulers.
Aung San Suu Kyi is the elected leader.
James Currie, Andalucia, Spain
To Patrick from Holland,
"Unless oil supply , strategic relevance or NATO security is threatened , then don't expect anyone to do anything until after the spilt blood has dried."
Were any of these factors present in Kosovo or Bosnia? How about Somalia (which ended in failure, but not for lack of effort)?
Willy, Cleveland, USA/ USA
According to M Dunham and the Dalai Lama in "Buddha's Warriors," the CIA covertly assisted Tibet militarily when Mao invaded in 1950. US foreign policy isn't always bragging material, but neither is it always about $. It too often is but not always, so give us a little credit Mr. Foster. The US has probably spent more on internat'l charity and military assistance in gov't and individual donations than the rest of the world combined and is all too often the only one left holding the bag when everyone else bails or bites the hand feeding them. Does Mogadishu ring a bell? While in the USAF, my brother helped evacuate the locals in the Philipines when Pinatubo erupted at the risk of his own health/safety, among many other things. It's too easy to complain about the ineptitude of politicians while actually doing a whole lot of nothing. DO something, even if it's only writing a check or uttering a prayer. My monthly charitable $ goes to a child warrior in a country that HATES the US.
Tiffany, St. Louis,
WE, as fellow citizens of the World, have stood by long enough and watched the outrage, and have done nothing. The inhumanity to it's people and the lack of respect to the country itself by it's own cruel government need to come to a screaching halt. Burma has suffered enough. We, as fellow citizens of the World, should answer their plead for freedom.
Bruce, Duarte, CA, USA
As the vast majority of Brits have concluded that military intervention against the leaders of sovereign states is illegal at best, and a crime against humanity at worst, there will be little public support for any in the case of Burma.
What a shame as the signs of violent oppression draw ominously close...
william, London,
I can only pray for democracy in Burma.
I was in Berlin the day when the Wall fell.
Today Burma = DDR ; China = Soviet Union.
Let us hope the People will win as they did in Germany!
(Not least by support from America - Bush sr.)
gosta jonsell, stockholm, sweden
I think that the strike will eventually result in a bloody disaster if the people do not start to step back and stop pushing so hard on the government.
Andrew, Singapore, singapore,
Whilst I agree with virtually everything everyone above is saying, it should be noted that Thailand is run by a military junta who will remain in power until at least December. Burma is not a major oil producer and neither is Zimbabwe, nor was Rwanda or Sierra Leone. Unless oil supply , strategic relevance or NATO security is threatened , then don't expect anyone to do anything until after the spilt blood has dried.
Patrick, The Hague, Holland
The United Nations have been proven to be a toothless organisation. It's no coincidence that the HQ is in New York. Where the US Government can pull its strings. Now is the time that the leading nations of the world 'unite' and quickly snub out this bullying dictatorship.
I like everyone, who live in a democratic country, have been following the heartwrenching news reports over the last 20 years. We simply cannot believe that this dictatorship along with the one in Zimbabwe has been allowed to exist. To have a free hand in demolishing the structure and welfare of it own proud people.
It is an absolute disgrace of all the world political and religious leaders to sit by and allow this situation to carry on. With only a few sharp diplomatic words of protest every so often. When will politicians realise, that dictators throughout history have never listened to democratic reason. The Military leaders of both Burma and Zimbabwe will only listen to military force.
mike Lawson-Foster, Reading, UK
I dearly hope that this acts as a catalyst that draws draws the worlds attention, and leads to the freedom of the Burmese people. Buddha is smiling on these people, they deserve the worlds support.
Chris McKoy, Bangkok, Thailand
Please, I hereby appeal Intâl community, we need your support. We canât miss the chance. We have been oppressed and tortured for too many years. Enough is enough.
So, donât wait and see. Let them (the junta and its supporters) know that the whole world is watching them and they will definitely have to face negative consequences.
Thank you.
Tee
Tee, minneapolis, USA