Kenneth Denby in Rangoon
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Internet geeks share a common style, and Ko Latt and his four friends would not be out of place in cyber cafés across the world. They have the skinny arms and the long hair, the dark T-shirts and the jokey nicknames. But few such figures have ever taken the risks that they have in the past few weeks, or achieved so much in a noble and dangerous cause.
Since last month Ko Latt, 28, his friends Arca, Eye, Sun and Superman, and scores of others like them have been the third pillar of Burma’s Saffron Revolution. While the veteran democracy activists, and then the Buddhist monks, marched in their tens of thousands against the military regime, it is the country’s amateur bloggers and internet enthusiasts who have brought the images to the outside world.
Armed with small digital cameras, they have documented the spectacular growth of the demonstrations from crowds of a few hundred to as many as 100,000. On weblogs they have recorded in words and pictures the regime’s bloody crackdown, in a city where only a handful of foreign journalists work undercover. With downloaded software, they have dodged and weaved around the regime’s increasingly desperate attempts to thwart their work. Now the bloggers, too, have been crushed. Having failed to stop the cyber-dissidents broadcasting to the world, the authorities have simply switched off the internet.
Now Ko Latt and his blogging comrades have abandoned their keyboards and gone underground, sleeping in a different place every night, watching and waiting to see if the democracy movement has been truly crushed or is simply on hold. “When things were hot on the streets, we were not the main worry,” Ko Latt says. “But as the situation cools down, they will follow us. They know who we are, they know we are bloggers, and I am afraid.”
Even in normal times it was hard to be a blogger in Burma. With characteristic paranoia, the Government monitored and controlled every aspect of the process, from licensing computers to issuing accounts through government-monitored internet service providers (ISPs). This is what makes political blogging so dangerous here — it is easy for military intelligence to identify a dissident’s name and address through his registered account.
Nonetheless, Rangoon and Mandalay, the two biggest cities, have undergone a boom in internet cafés and blogs, although initially they were uncontroversial. “I wanted to say something to other people, about my life and the news, and articles that interest me,” says Superman, who has been blogging for a year. “That’s why I like blogging — it’s another life for me on the internet.”
Then last month came sudden, devastating rises in the price of fuel oil and everyday goods, and the early, relatively small demonstrations that followed soon after. Around this time many of them realised, as Superman says: “Everything is bloggable.”
The realities of political oppression made life difficult. A blogger who posted a photograph of a demonstration found herself arrested, questioned and her computer seized.
On domestic blogs, they were able to express themselves only indirectly. The blogger nicknamed Sun, for example, posted quotations from a famous Burmese memoir of the Japanese occupation during the Second World War, full of observations about how to live with dignity under a brutal regime.
“Everyone knows what it’s really about,” a Burmese editor says.
“They’re making a comment about what’s happening now, about the cruelty and brutality of our rulers.” Even these subtle commentaries attracted great interest. The average number of daily hits went from 100 to more than 1,000 in a few days.
The best material — the digital pictures and videos of marching monks, the charging soldiers and their flailing batons — was sent outside the country.
One exiled blogger in particular — Ko Htike, said to be a student in London — has attracted intense interest and received many photographs and witness accounts that he posts on his site, www.ko-htike.blogspot.com.
Pointing cameras at the charging soldiers is a potentially lethal undertaking — last Thursday Kenji Nagai, a Japanese photographer, was shot dead. And then there is the job of sending files down laboriously slow internet connections. Free online software helped — such as SEND6, which compresses huge video and picture files into manageable packets, and Your Freedom, which enables internet users to get around the regime’s blocks and firewalls.
The regime responded, first by blocking individual Burmese blogs, then, last Wednesday, by blocking all of them. But the overseas sites were beyond its reach, so on Friday it switched off the internet altogether. Now e-mails can be sent only within Burma; the only pages that web browsers can view are those of the official websites.
The only solution now would be to dial up ISPs overseas but the cost of international calls makes this prohibitive. As Superman puts it: “Now Burma is like the Stone Age.”
The bloggers held out as long as they could, and if there is ever a monument to the heroes of the Saffron Revolution it should certainly feature a statue of a skinny boy in a T-shirt and thick glasses hunched over a computer and a digital camera.
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Tom Boyle - in fact Burma has oil and gas, and the oil companies Total (France, partially state-owned) and Unocal (United States) have made deals with the Generals to secure rights to Burma's reserves.
anwaya, Pasadena, CA, USA
Lets put aside the war on terror for the time being and refocus our efforts to the war on freedom.
Brad, Virginia,
To most people the current regime in Burma is unacceptably repressive but the world still sells them arms.
Heads of state and the United Nations then decry the regime.
Hypocrisy at its most base level, and we are the culprits who vote the two faced politicians in.
Crocodile tears count for nothing
Michael Wilkinson, Telford, Shropshire in the UK
The Generals are possessed. Possessed by something evil. China and Russia feed the monster. The United Nations cowers, and its cowardice and corruption encourages the Beast.
My prayers (and anger as well) are with the Monks and People of Burma.
A friend,
David Batteau, Woodland Hills, California
The West have little leverage in Asia, especially with the situation in Burma. The neighboring countries are Burma's best help. Russia and China should stop blocking the UN's attempt to help. Such countries will not budge on their stance until they themselves start feeling it in their own backyard. Boycott next year Olympics!!!
Bruce , Duarte, USA
To Kevin Doyle:
By "the West" you have in mind primarily the US, since you are living there. You say that the west (i.e. the US, etc.) is doing nothing. What you fail to realize is that YOU are the west. Until you are able to acknowledge that the US is YOU, and not "THEM" (whoever they may be, in office, or elsewhere), then of course the west (i.e. YOU) will do nothing.
Mark Nameless, Chicago, Illinois
Thet-shay nyunt, you are basing your view of an entire people on one action 70 years ago. It's hardly representative of them today and your view is based on little more than prejudice.
Katherine, Shropshire, UK
Such indifference from the Western world and almost stony silence from the Buddhist countries, especially from those following the Theravada path ( same as Burma). Tom Boyle's refernce to Zimbabwe is apt. Africa to its Zimbabwe and let's hope that Myanmar does not become Asia's basket case!!
wyvill scharenguivel, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Spread this information to all news agencies.
No journalist would have had big stories and pics without the risk of life of those internet freaks/ bloggers-helpers. No magazine would have had selling headlines and pics. Those bloggers are the real reporters without borders. They need your active help now. Forget words - ACTION!
Susan Miller, Perth, Australia
Welcome to the real world, the same is happening in Zimbawe but where are the western nations? As Kevin Doyle stated "No Oil no help!!!"
Burma is the big news now, but as happened with Zimbabwe it will all take a back seat when the next "big" story comes along.
Tom Boyle, Newton Abbot,
We picked your great article up and added it into our news blog: http://www.whydemocracy.net/house/news/node/94
Thanks a lot for acknowledging the brave resistance and documentation bloggers in or from Burma provide under these extraordinary restrictive and dangerous circumstances!
Amy, Cape Town, South Africa
What is driving me INSANE is that we actually have a group of people that WANT democracy and the West is doing NOTHING. I guess that Burma doesn't have the natural resources we want, eh? No oil? No help.
Our nations' (US and UK) hypocrisy is disgusting. I feel like taking a shower just thinking about this whole mess and how little we're doing.
Kevin Doyle, Fairfax, Virginia USA
Silliness, and trite sentiment. The Burmese underground during WWII, incidentally, along with Aung San led the Japanese Army into to surprise the British. They happily sabotaged British efforts and helped drive them out. The Japanese then pushed aside Aung San, much like China's poor Pui Yi. When the Japanese were on the run, the Burmese turned on them, in a terrible slaughter. The rest of what you know about the Burmese is fiction.
thet-shay nyunt, petersburg, USA ,VA
Pay attention George, Gordon: This is how you do it.
During my last visit to the US (for this lifetime) to witness the 2004 Presidential election, I said this retired University professor: "Which do you think will become a police state first: US or UK?"
"Keep your voice down, Man."
Andrew Milner, Yokohama, Japan
The Burmese might hopefully resort to faxing instead to keep the news flowing. Old school, less sexy in this digital age, but still effective under the circumstances.
Boh ZH, Singapore, Singapore
Strong feelings of both anger and sadness for the Burmese. However I do not agree with Oliver, China aren't "backing" the Burmese dictatorship, they just don't want international interference. I don't think this is China being 'cruel' or 'evil', like people want to believe.
If the US, say, invaded Burma in some war for freedom for the Burmese people - who are they fighting against? Burmese people. Think of all the armed officers beating and shooting Burmese people, they are Burmese as well. Unfortunately there is too great a proportion of Burma destroying itself and although it is a tragic situation there certainly isn't a clear cut solution. That being said I do not understand why China has not applied any sort of governmental pressure - not that I'm promoting an Olympics boycott (no bluffing).
Jack, Huddersfield, England
Amazing. People taking to the streets screaming for freedom! Power to them!
Farrukh, Woking, UK
Burma today is the US tomorrow. Best learn what true courage and strength looks like. God bless the Burmese fighting their hateful leaders!
SM Montaigne
Shawn Michel De Montaigne, Imperial Beach, USA/California
This is very noble, but it won't make much difference so long as the regime has backing from China. The only way the West can help is to threaten (no bluffing) to boycott Beijing 2008 unless the Chinese dispose of the junta.
Oliver Chettle, Bedford,
Gods Speed
K-Liger, Seattle, USA WA