Jeremy Page: Analysis
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The unrest in Tibet is the biggest challenge to Chinese rule in almost 20 years but also the most serious test of the Dalai Lama's authority to date as he struggles to keep his followers on the path of non-violence.
That much was made clear yesterday when the Tibetan spiritual leader threatened to “resign” if the violence escalated, insisting that independence was “out of the question” and urging his people to live “side by side” with the Chinese.
His threat was a clear attempt to reassert his authority over the world's six million Tibetans, 300,000 of whom live in exile, and to prove his credibility to a Chinese Government that regards him as a mendacious separatist.
His pacifist message will win him kudos around the world - and further photo opportunities with Western leaders, Hollywood stars and Buddhist converts.
The problem is that it is alienating many young Tibetans, both inside his Himalayan homeland, where they resent an influx of ethnic Chinese, and outside, where they feel increasingly rootless and disillusioned.
While they respect the Nobel Peace laureate for his non-violent creed as a monk, they point to the success of independence struggles in East Timor and Kosovo, which were both recognised as sovereign states by the international community after using force against their occupiers.
The vast majority of Tibetans still revere the Dalai Lama as their religious leader and do not question his supremacy over the Panchen Lama and the Karmapa Lama, the second and third in the Tibetan Buddhist hierarchy. But the more conciliatory he sounds towards China, the more they question his role as a political leader - which threatens a tradition that dates back to a young shepherd's appointment as the first Dalai Lama in the late 14th century.
Although it is theologically impossible for him to resign - as he is the reincarnation of his predecessor - the threat drew attention to a question at the core of the current crisis: what happens after he dies or steps down?
Still sprightly at 72, the Dalai Lama has floated several ideas - most recently suggesting that there be a referendum among the world's 11-12 million Tibetan Buddhists on whether he should be reincarnated.
If the vote was in favour, he said that he might appoint a reincarnation while he was still alive, instead of being reborn as a small boy after his death.
He has also introduced limited democratic reforms, holding the first elections in 2001 for the post of Prime Minister, who now heads the government-in-exile, technically.
But the Dalai Lama remains the pre-eminent political figurehead of a movement whose raison d'être is not to govern but to preserve Tibetan culture as it was before communist Chinese troops entered Tibet in 1950.
And, as a result, he is increasingly out of touch with the several generations of Tibetans who have grown up either in Chinese-occupied Tibet, or between India, Nepal and the West. The most likely consequence of his departure will therefore be that, without a unifying figurehead, the Tibetan movement will fragment into regional and political groupings.
And, to judge by the current crisis, the radical wing will emerge as the more vocal and more appealing to disaffected young Tibetans on both sides of the border. That should be a worry not just for the Dalai Lama, but for China's leaders too.
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âIt is unfortunate that despite my sincere efforts not to separate Tibet from China, the leaders of the P.R.C. continue to accuse me of being a âseparatist,â â the Dalai Lama said, referring to the Peopleâs Republic of China.
Why did Hu Jintao have the protest out of control?So many Hui and Han killed, to show the "Dalai Lama's cruelty"?
The CCP dare not talk with the Dalai Lama,for that will incur attention on the autarchic system!
Socialist Party China, Beijing, China
âIs Tibet lost for ever? No. A thousand times no. Tibet will not die because there is no death for the human spirit.â
Jayaprakash Narayan
Tsenam, New York, New York
Sylvester, and others should ask themselves the question. How can a philosophy that teaches that there is no such thing as a self and consequentially no such thing as reincarnation possibly have a âreincarnatedâ Dalai Lama in his lifetime or any other supposed lifetime? Perhaps a little thought might indicate it is an inaccurate portrayal of the situation. Unfortunately, in the West, due to ignorance, we persist in describing the Dalai Lama as a âreincarnated god-kingâ, a nonsense description if ever there was one that the media seems to be reluctant to let go of because of its propensity for sensationalism. This is not a forum for Buddhist philosophy so I would suggest that people research the question and, while they are at it perhaps the media should make the effort to learn what the Dalai Lama really represents rather than continue to perpetuate nonsense.
Richard Baranov, Stedham, West Sussex, U.K
If you believe Zhang Yong of Hong Kong, you will believe anything. Tibetans will never be free of the Han Chinese until and unless they use other tried and tested methods and that does not include relying on the outside world. Nobody will come to their aid, they are on their own.
Subramaniam, Paris,
Dalai Lama finally showed his true color after so many attempts to separate Tibet from China. He failed in 1959, 1989 and now 2008. It demonstrated he is not the non-violence person. Tibetans could not go to the street and acted like mad people the past few days without Dalai's permit. Tibetan Buddhism is a violent religion and a total joke. Giving Dalai Lama the Nobel Peace price was a real mistake. There are some people around world just donât want a peaceful China. CIA did in 1959 and now those âright groupsâ. The so called human right groups supported by anti-China and anti-Chinese organizations and government agencies wanted to use every means to sour Beijing Olympic. But they never criticize US for invading Iraq and killing so many innocent people. Another joke again! I just wanted to tell them that their attempts donât work. Tibet was part of China and will be in the future. 13 billion Chinese people are now standing behind their government.
Johnny, San Francisco, USA
To Gabriel from Bournemouth: Why stop at boycotting the Olympics? Why don't you stop buying chinese goods too? Ofcourse that would mean... most of the things you find in the stores these days.
Terry's comments are more practical. China is very sensitive when it comes to territorial rights, and will be prepared to shed blood to defend it.
Stan, san leandro,
Actually, this problem is not that severe. I mean, the problem does exist between certain Tibetans and Han Chinese, but will diminish in the next one or two decades. My girlfriend is a Tibetan, and I am a Han Chinese. We are very happy together. I love Tibetan culture, and she also love Han Chinese Culture. I have lots of Tibetan friends, too. Most of the normal young Tibetans now prefer a peaceful life, and they like to live side by side with Han Chinese. Again, I admit that the problem does exist. Basically, most of the riotors this time are poor Tibetans. They are dissatisfied with their current economy status, and that's why they want to uprise. For most of the normal Tibetans whose life have been much better off, they are not for the clashes. It seems that western World are very interested in those clashes, but they ignored a fact, it's only a small proportion of Tibetans who want to uprise.
ZHANG Yong, Hong Kong,
Lee, of course the chinese goverment has to rebuild the monastries.... because they destroyed it!
Tenzin Norsang, Dharamsala,
I think you should really try to get more info about what Chinese govenment have done for Tibetans. I am a Chinese students. for example,if we need to get 550 points in the college entrance exams to enter a university here,tibetan students just need to get 500, even we are taking the same exams. every year,Chinese government spent hundreds of millions dollors to repair those temples in Tibet.... as you said,we are destroying their cultrue,so what you want is to put Tibet into your musem for your tourists to enjoy?
Lee, CD, China
i am a Tibetan refugee. I was born in Tibet but when I was six years old, my parents send me to Dharamsala - India. i still remember walking across Himalayas with other about 4 childrens little older than me and with a Kushola("monk" in Tibetan).
my parents send me to Dharamsala because they wanted me to maintain my Tibetan culture.
i am 17 years old just now and i have never seen my parents after that. i just contact them on phone sometimes. they stay in Lhasa... i have not able to contact them after demonstration started...
please help Tibet...
Tenzin Norsang, Dharamsala,
"If the vote was in favour, he said that he might appoint a reincarnation while he was still alive, instead of being reborn as a small boy after his death. "
This quote from Dalai Lama reveals the whole exercise as a pack of lies. How can he pick his own reincarnation while he is still alive?
But of course, all these religious fools do not understand logic.
Sylvester, Cambridge, USA
I think China should hold talk with Dalai Lama while he is still in power and let him come back to Tibet. It is easier to have dialogue with him when he is in China rather than outside. It will be much more troublesome for the Chinese government to take care of the Tibet problem once Dalai Lama is gone.
WING CHAN, Hong Kong, China
I agree with the words from the Dalai Lama, however, since I don't like the violence and the manner by which the Chinese government is treating the tibetans and sympathisers, I will therefore not be attending the Olympic games with my family as I had previously arranged, nor will I read or participate with any event that acknowledges the Olympic games in 2008.
Its about time the world awakens and takes responsibility for what is happening, China, like a small child needs to learn that what they are doing is not appropriate, eventually they'll either learn or grow up into an even bigger bully than the USA government .
Gabriel, bournemouth, Uk
In your dream to take Tibet away from China. It is too strategically located and China's grip on the territory is firm and unwavering. 6 million Tibetan is nothing compared with the wish of 13000 million Chinese. Let's live in peace and stability rather than stirring up trouble for myopic purpose to preserve a religious feudal system that is anachronistic and demeaning to its people historically.
Terry, Toronto, Canada