Richard Beeston, Foreign Editor, in Kandahar
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The first US Marines of a new expeditionary force were deployed in Afghanistan’s troubled Helmand province yesterday, promising new and more aggressive tactics in an implicit criticism of the British operation there.
General Dan McNeill, the commander of Nato forces in Afghanistan, said that the Marine expeditionary force of about 3,500 troops would “stir things up” in remote southern districts of Helmand, where few if any Nato troops have operated in the past seven years.
“We want to establish and maintain a force here and take the pressure off the forces in the north,” he said.
As well as getting added firepower, the British will also come under pressure to adopt American counter-insurgency tactics as the US tries to lead a “mini-surge” to fill the gaps in the Nato alliance’s ranks. The deployment is being regarded as a tacit admission that, after two years in Helmand, British troops have failed to dim the insurgency or to have an impact on opium production, currently the highest in Afghanistan.
The US Marines were due originally to deploy in Iraq but the situation was regarded as calm enough for the force to be rerouted to Afghanistan.
Colonel Pete Petronzio, the Marine commander, said that his forces would be used to disrupt Taleban communication lines, where wounded fighters and opium are moved south to the Pakistani border and arms and money are moved north. The Marines are expected to deploy in northern Helmand later, where they will fight alongside British Forces but come under the direct control of General McNeill, the four-star US general in Kabul. “We want to throw some rocks in the stream and see where the water goes,” Colonel Petronzio said.
The extra US force in the south will make it easier for the Americans to press their allies to adopt common tactics, primarily those refined over the past few years by US forces, against the Taleban and other groups.
In particular, General McNeill said that he would like to see British troops double their six-month tour of duty to one year because the longer US deployments had helped to fight a war where knowledge of the local population was a key to winning their support and distancing them from militants.
For the same reason, he also would like Britain and other Nato allies to rotate the same units to Afghanistan, as US forces were doing.
British officials are broadly in favour of extending the tour of duty, although such a move would probably be resisted back home, where the Army is already overstretched and struggling to meet its overseas commitments. As for rotation, Britain has already been sending the same units back to Afghanistan, particularly from the Parachute Regiment and the Royal Marines.
There are even more serious differences over how to contain Afghanistan’s growing poppy production. Last year the Americans pushed for eradication in Nangarhar province, where the local governor arrested growers and destroyed crops. Flying over the area this weekend it was clear that farmers had switched to wheat this season. By contrast, the fertile Helmand valley is carpeted with poppies and can expect another bumper crop. Teams of labourers were in the fields lancing and scraping the bulbs to extract the opium.
In addition, the Americans want the British to copy the success of their military-led aid efforts in eastern Afghanistan, where a $280 million (£140 million) reconstruction project is credited with winning over the local population. Colonel Mark Johnstone, deputy commander of US forces in eastern Afghanistan, said that the Commander’s Emergency Response Programme, which has built roads, schools and clinics, was the most powerful weapon in his armoury. “It is our nuclear weapon. It is awesome — it really works,” he said. “I pity other Nato countries that have not used it for the past six years.”
Strength in numbers:
5,500: The number of British troops stationed in Helmand province
2: The number of years since British forces first arrived in Helmand
700: The number of British soldiers forming the battle group stationed in Musa Qala, the former Taleban stronghold captured by British forces last year
32,500: The total number of US troops across Afghanistan
Source: Times archive
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They are getting drawn into a counter insurgency campaign, against a guerilla army which draws support from the wider civilian populace. Meanwhile the Yanks and us in tow, gather support from Karzai, who looks weaker by the day. The British Army has suffered miserable failures in both Basra and in Helmand, and any amount of facesaving 'handovers' to the new dictators cannot disguise that fact.
Abu Haadiya, Bradford, UK
--"Some people spend an entire lifetime wondering if they made a difference in the world. But, the United States Marines don't have that problem."
Surf66, Highlands, NJ, USA
Matt, the record of the US Marines in Iraq is not a pretty one, and no, we haven't forgotten Anbar or what the Marines did there. Not pretty. The recent relative quiet in Anbar is due solely to the US paying 70,000 Sunni men $10 each a day, ostensibly to fight Al-Queda, but actually the US.
J Welch, Victoria, Canada
this is sad we brits are over their with you americans, were underfunded, humiliated and embarassed but our boys and girls are still out their slugging it out with the rest of you. The main reason i feel so many people are having a problem with our forces is because of how they are managed(poorly)
mark, london,
The " surge" in Iraq consisted of temporarily buying off the former Sunni resistance. Has the US got enough cash for Afghanistan as well & how long will it last? I for one think that the British have a longer & more experienced history than the Cowboys & their "spray & pray Friendly Fire".
Atul, Mumbai, India
Carlton,
The US Marines are nothing like the Cossacks. As noted before me, some nations are there to wave the flag and sit out their tours - the US is there to win. Which one are you Britain?
Brian, Syracuse, US
US Marines: Very much like the Russian Cossacks of old.
Carlton West, Athens, GA, USA
Its probably worth noting a 3,500 man expeditionary force is approx half the total size of 3 Commmando brigade! From which just some of the British troops are sourced. Not to mention the funding that the US is able to allocate. Its a complex situation, hats off to those doing a difficult job.
Dave, London, UK
The British forces in Helmand Province have been invalable in both the planning and execution of this operation. We rely on their experience in this part of Afghanistan. Thank you all for your attention to the mission in Afghanistan. Semper Fi.
Capt Kelly Frushour, Kandahar, Afghanistan
Let's not get above our station, we have been the 51st state of the US for a number of decades now (especially since T Blair and his Ziocon buddies like Levy), take the flak that a more superior force throws at our lads. Just salute them & hope they don't kill anymore of our lads in 'friendly' fire!
Peter, Solihull, UK
The appeasement we see in Helmond is symptomatic of the appeasement we see at home towards those who are clearly against Britain. It is not the Services fault; it is the current governments policy that is influencing our approach in the Middle East and elsewhere (eg appeasing pirates in Somalia)
David Cartright, Birmingham,
If you want things stirred up and the local population 'aggressed' into the stone age, then the US marines are the ones to do it.
The problem in Afghanistan is largely socio-economic. Bootnecks don't do socio-economic. They just stomp all over the flower beds.
Mike Poulsen, Reading, Berkshire
James, get over yourself. The Americans' initial approach in Iraq was catastrophic, but they have learnt quickly and easily surpassed us. I am committed to two tours of Helmand, and welcome US involvement. They have the money and most importantly the WILL to make it work.
Christopher, London,
British forces have been asking for additional troop deployments from their useless Nato allies for months. Now US troops are doing just that.
Why does The Times paint this as a failure? There is a nasty anti-British (Army) streak in this newspaper (cf reporting on Basra). Why?
Are you the BBC?
Steve Roberts, Doncaster, UK
Whether the Brits know what they're doing or not, it is patently obvious that they don't please their US masters. Furthermore, the US practice of troop deployment is causing severe mental problems amongst their troops.
British troops are running risks for no purpose. Get them home.
Eddie Reader, birmingham, england
This article was doomed to have armchair military historians battle it out with their comments. "USA number 1" "NO Rule Brittainia". Just read the articles and stop arguing with each other.
michael, London, UK
The Americans may have a point. Lets get off our high horses, forget national pride for a minute and seriously look at what we are doing there. The big difference seems to be attitude. The US is determined to win - everyone else seems to be just flag waving and aimlessly holding the fort - for what?
M Graham, Auckland, New Zealand
Lets just pull out. If the yanks are not grateful and we keep getting humiliated lets go. All those wasted lives for nothing, so the Yanks can strut about blaming us for their own screw ups. The French and others had the right idea all along. They were the smart ones. Its an unwinable mess anyway.
Jim, Tokyo, japan
Thank heavens; the Americans are finally coming to rescue the British. Afghanistan is saved.
martyn, calvia, spain
James: British ability to win hearts and minds didn't do much in Basra, which ended in a humiliating retreat.
nigel roberts, Manchester, UK
I feel safe assuming you already know why the US invaded Iraq, and I'll be the first to admit that it was a colossal mistake. That has nothing to do with tactics in Afghanistan,however, nor does the Vietnam War, except in a very broad sense. The US military aren't mindless killers as James implied.
Matt, Chicago, Illinois
A flawed perception, Matt? Have you forgotten Vietnam? And what are you doing in Iraq anyway?
Tony Price, Toulouse, France
A completely flawed perception, James. The USMC has a long institutional history in this type of operation. They published their first counterinsurgency doctrine in 1940, and they've arguably been better at quelling the various insurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan than any other force-look at Anbar.
Matt, Chicago, Illinois
Is there a difference in UK and US strategy in Afghanistan? General McNeil's comments also seem to diverge slightly from the anti insurgency tactics belatedly adopted by General Petraeus in Iraq. If we're in these wars, can't we at least have joined up policy?
Steve Evans, Argyll,
American's don't know how to do hearts&minds like the British Army. 'Counter-insurgency' for the Marines is simple - point and shoot, which more likely than not won't get the results they want. If the British adopt American tactics, then I for one will no longer pursue a military career with the UK
James Williams, Lancaster,