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By the time the final brace was welded to the immense metallic fortress in the centre of Seoul, the country knew that this was no longer just about an unpopular policy to resume imports of American beef.
The new presidency of Lee Myung Bak is in meltdown and his closest political allies — including the Prime Minister — resigned yesterday en masse. The sight of a 20ft “Berlin Wall” of shipping containers blotting out all view of the presidential residence revealed a Government rattled to the core.
“June the 10th is rat-catching day,” bellowed protest leaders through vast loudspeakers positioned in front of the graffiti-plastered fortress. “It is the day the Korean people become the cat that destroys Lee Myung Bak.” As the demonstrators swelled in numbers and vehemence, Catholic nuns rubbed shoulders with leather-faced steel workers. Teachers’ unions stood side by side with truant-playing students. Mothers with babes in arms chanted for freedom of the press, while political cartoonists called for cheaper fuel.
Fearing a repeat of the weekend’s violence, South Korea’s national police raised their state of alert to the highest level and readied themselves for a night of rioting. Light skirmishes between supporters and opponents of Mr Lee had already begun by mid-afternoon.
South Korea is no stranger to street protests but as night fell over the capital, the hundreds of thousands of demonstrators who had marched to the heart of the city knew that this was no normal rally. The oratory was much farther to the political left than anyone has heard for decades. The list of grievances — from the privatisation of state utilities to the minimum wage and a proposed “grand canal” across the country — revealed a society profoundly ill at ease with the Government it recently elected.
Dozens of other interest groups and labour unions told The Times that the US beef issue was a convenient pretext for a bigger protest.
“The people of Korea have many scores to settle with this Government,” said Kim Duk Yeop, one of the rally organisers. “Today is where they all come to the surface.” Everyone who joined the march yesterday — including those not even born in 1987 — knew the political significance of the date. It was timed to coincide with the 21st anniversary of the huge pro-democracy protests that shook the authoritarian regime of the time to its foundations and paved the way for the country’s first free elections.
The sight of the massive steel wall, erected by the authorities, and ranks of riot police has played to the protesters’ sloganeering that Mr Lee has “taken Korea back two decades” in terms of democratic rights. That atmosphere was enriched with nostalgic allusions to the riots of yesteryear. Members of one group of demonstrators who had been students in 1987 said that the day would not be complete “without the smell of teargas burning our nostrils”. At one point in the evening the speaker on the main stage was interrupted by the news that the presidential website had crashed. A mighty roar rose into the night, followed by a live rendition of Morning Dew — the anthem of the 1987 protesters and a song that left their 2008 counterparts in tears.
For the growing forces ranged against the President, the resignation of his Cabinet appeared to be a triumph. The resignations plunge Mr Lee’s three-month leadership into a crisis that some believe he may not survive. Since February Mr Lee has weathered a breakdown in relations with North Korea, a scandal that claimed the patriarch of Korea’s most famous company, Samsung, and a spiralling inflation menace that now threatens to derail the economy.
The hysteria over the feared dangers of US beef has proved the most incendiary. Despite his landslide victory, the popularity of the conservative, pro-business leader has fallen farther and faster than any of his predecessors.
The “mad cow” protests mask a strong mistrust of Mr Lee and his plans to revive the economy. For the past six weeks he has faced widespread protests over plans to restart imports of American beef, suspended five years ago amid concerns over BSE. The vehemence of recent protests last month was enough to delay Mr Lee’s plans to begin US beef imports, which are now being tweaked to make them appear more acceptable. The restarting of beef imports is part of a wider free-trade agreement struck between Seoul and Washington in the last days of Mr Lee’s now widely despised predecessor, Roh Moo Hyun.
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I find that there are many comments that simply assume that the cause of this protest was the anti-American movement in Korea. However, I believe the main purpose of this non-violent protest was to show the dissatisfaction of the Korean citizens towards the president himself and his policies.
Sooeun Lee, Seoul, South Korea
You can't put a monetary value on US soldiers' lives - not a drop of US blood should be shed protecting South Korea from North Korea. Pull US troops out.
Scott Anderson, Brighton, uk
The S.Korean have learnt that to destory democracy where is for the people,by the people, and with the people, is easy when you are lost your interest of your right to demand.
Remember, the democracy is not only counts all your say but also corporate each other for living free out of danger.
young, bournemouth, u.k
You are mistaken Ran. At current levels the US is paying more than 50 percent of the cost. While Korea is increasing its contribution its more around 41% currently. I think the money better spent to expand korea's ability to self defense and let the US troops go home, would save everyone billions
Kristina Jensen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Above all the things, before we refer to the relationship between two countries, plz think about human being's right to be eaten propery. What would be more important at all? Government which can't protect their people is absolutely useless.
mani, Seoul, Korea
Last year there was a 13 billion USD trade imbalance with S. Korea. Korea employs a huge non-tarrif barrier to maintain the imbalance (much like the chinese manipulate their currency for the same ends). The protest is ignorant in that it assumes all US beef is risky, and it isn't.
Kristina Jensen, Copenhagen, Denmark
US spends billion to defend Korea, But Korea spend more billion to buy a weapon from US.. Unbalanced trade? You didn't count that S.Korea going to U.S to study etc. But, US didn't come to S.Korea that much. Korean spent huge money in U.S. than U.S. in S.Korea. and trade. get real.
kylime, Pusan, S.Korea
I just know two things. 1. S. Korea government pays all the expense related to US army in S. Korea. 2. As a US soldier in S.Korea, you won't be punished by law if you rape a S. Korean girl.
Now does everybody know why US soldiers don't want to be off?
Ran, York, UK
Kristina
sorry, a big objection 4 u.
International trade isn't always about capital. It is also related with the politics. Therefore, Retaliation is not the solution. Give me just one reason why those protests are ignorant. Koreans have to eat US beef cos US does a lot for them? now that's wrong
Hugh, London, UK
Pull US troops out of South Korea - why should US soldiers be on the front line for a nation that doesn't want them there
Scott Anderson, Brighton, uk
The US want to import beef which even they don't eat! US is just eating beef which is under 20 months and want to sell their garbage which is over 20month to Korea. Do we look like a waste disposal site?
Nanse Rhee, Seoul, Korea
I don't really understand americans here getting upset. You don't want to eat beef from cattle older than 25 months, why should korean? why don't you go and check in your own country what kind of beef you're offered at stores. If they want safer meat let them just have it, don't contaminate all asia
Nik, KL, Malaysia
Don't blame us. See what kind of beef you eats now. Japan, EU and other countries don't import some US beef products, which we have to import unconditionally. Accordingly any case of mad cow disease from US beef never deters US beef to Korea. If GIs want to leave Korea, do it. It's helpful to us.
Peter Kim, Seoul, Korea
Umm, don't you think millions of people protesting US Beef imports might just imply that our beef is not safe to eat?
Robert, Williamsport, USA
It is really funny that what I read from here, Particularly I am a South Korean myself. The US favors Lee's administration because it gives everything to please the US. As being a part of conservative sect, President Lee himself think as a part of Bush's partner, not an independent leader.
K.W. Park, Kingsville, TX, USA
Jill,
May be the South American drug lords would like to use the same argument..."if Americans don't want to but our drugs, they can just boycott them when they hit the streets, no one is forcing them to buy"
The point is Koreans do not want to be poisoned by suspect American beef.
Rory Wiltshire, Seoul, Korea
The issue is not really about US. Koreans are very sensitive to food issues. Koreans have no problem consuming food from all over the world. This is why you never see any anti-US slogans in these protests.
The issue is really about Lee Myung Bak and his policies.
Sungjoo, Daejeon, Korea
Nope. We are over there for our interest, not at the request of S. Korea. Bases in Japan and S. Korea just act as Pentagon's check against China and Russia.
And besides, it's one of the biggest buyers for U.S. arms industry spending billions, if not trillions, of dollars each year.
Dan, New York, NY
Surely it would greatly benefit the USA to terminate its relationship with almost every country on Earth. A minority of these countries would, in truth, probably benefit also; Most would simply implode.
Eric Skelton, Cardiff, Wales
The USA does not occupy Korea. We have troops there at the request of S. Korea to deter N. Korea from any aggressive acts. If S.Korea doesn't want the protection we'll bring them home. If S. Koreans don't want US beef - they can boycott it when it hits the stores. Nobody's forcing them to buy it.
Jill, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Good for you Korea!
The USA continues to occupy your land, killing many civilians each year.
Lee loves the USA so much, that he wants Korea to go back to the Park days.
Korea is a wonderful country, yearning for peace with the North, and a positive relationship with China to benefit all its people!
jason, boston, usa
The US spends billions to defend Korea, loses billions in unbalanced trade with Korea (costing more American jobs) and now has to suffer ignorant protests. Americans need to start holding elected officials accountable for selling out their economy. I think the wrong the country is protesting.
Kristina Jensen, Copenhagen, Denmark