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Internal Communist party documents have revealed that China is planning a programme of harsh political repression in Tibet despite a public show of moderation to win over world opinion before the Olympic Games next month.
A campaign of “re-education” has been outlined in confidential speeches to meetings of Communist party members by Zhang Qingli, the hardline party secretary of Tibet.
Verbatim texts of the speeches have been kept out of the Chinese media but were printed in the April and May editions of the Xigang Tongxun (Tibet Communications) — a classified publication restricted to party officials. Translations were handed to The Sunday Times in Hong Kong.
Zhang has admitted behind closed doors that the Chinese authorities in Lhasa, the Tibetan capital, face “a tide of encirclement” and that anti-Chinese violence in March “destroyed social stability”. He has warned that “final victory” is far off.
Rioting broke out in Lhasa on March 14 after days of peaceful protests by Buddhist monks, which had been broken up by the security forces.
The violence was fuelled by ethnic hatred for Chinese migrants who owned shops and homes. China said 18 people died, some beaten to death and several burnt alive.
Disorder spread across the Himalayan region “liberated” by the People’s Liberation Army in 1950. Monks and civilians confronted Chinese security forces in towns and villages, some hurling stones and wielding primitive weapons.
The internal publication stated that 242 soldiers and police were killed or wounded but did not break down the figures. It said 120 homes and 908 businesses in Lhasa were destroyed.
There are no independently verified numbers for Tibetan casualties but the Tibetan government in exile has spoken of about 200 dead.
Zhang has now outlined a Mao-era system of “administrative committees” to control the monasteries, revived officious “street committees” to watch over the city and co-ordinated an intensive military operation.
China agreed to talks with representatives of the Dalai Lama, Tibet’s exiled spiritual leader, to defuse international criticism over its reaction to the uprising, which led to demonstrations in many countries. Protests in support of Tibet had plagued the Olympic torch relay in London, Paris and Greece, home of the Games.
Amid calls for a boycott of the Games, foreign governments and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) welcomed China’s decision to meet the Tibetan exiles as a sign of dialogue.
However, Zhang’s words make it plain the talks are a diplomatic mask to conceal China’s actual policy. His speeches, which are remarkably frank, show the government’s chosen response is a classic Marxist-Leninist propaganda and re-education campaign backed up by armed force.
The Tibet party leader retains the backing of China’s President Hu Jintao who crushed a Tibetan revolt in 1988 during his tenure as party secretary in Lhasa. He also has heavyweight support on the politburo in Beijing in the shape of his mentor Wang Lequan, a 64-year-old lifetime Communist functionary believed to be directing policy in both Tibet and the neighbouring region of Xinjiang. Wang has described himself as the number one terrorist target in China.
Some Chinese analysts believe there is disquiet among other leaders, which may come into the open after their façade of harmony for the Olympics is dropped.
In one speech Zhang admitted that the March 14 incident had “seriously destroyed social stability”.
“Afterwards, people were very scared. They even stopped going to the monasteries to spin prayer wheels and chant sutras, a fact that tells us that the Dalai Lama is the real criminal who is destroying Tibetan Buddhism.
“We must learn lessons from this issue and organise our masses to build up an impregnable fortress against the tide of encirclement to beat our enemy.”
Zhang has since proclaimed that conditions for schools, businesses and offices in Lhasa are “normal”.
“But we are far from final victory because the Dalai Lama group, which was exploited by western enemy forces, is making a new plan for separatism,” he said. “So you, the leaders of work units, must guard your gates and manage your people well. Let leaders of street committees be vigilant and keep watch on all outsiders.
“Propaganda and education are our party’s greatest advantages. These are the most useful weapons with which to defend ourselves against the Dalai Lama group. So let the propaganda department work more actively to expose its plots.”
The internal publication noted that the police, the government’s religious bureau and all party branches should earnestly implement Zhang’s instructions.
“Each department should make full use of those religious people who love the motherland and love religion, in order to make the administrative committees work with vigour.”
The “administrative committees” reproduce a standard Communist party method of installing trusted cadres who will ensure obedience to its policies inside any institution.
The head of propaganda in Tibet, Lie Que, was even more explicit in remarks published by the official Tibet Daily on June 2.
“We must clean out the monasteries and strengthen the administrative committees,” he said, “After that we will absolutely control them.”
China preserves the façade of an autonomous regional government in Lhasa and has paraded ethnic Tibetan figureheads in front of foreign journalists.
In reality, Tibet is governed by the party and the army. The outskirts of Lhasa are ringed by barracks. Every road in is blocked by checkpoints. Real power rests with Zhang and the military commander of Tibet, General Tong Guishan.
Zhang originally attracted international attention by characterising the Dalai Lama as “a wolf in monk’s clothes, a devil with a human face”. He rose up the hierarchy in Xinjiang, another remote and resource-rich region troubled by separatism. As a reward for his loyalty, he was transferred to the top job in Lhasa in 2005.
Since then he has accelerated campaigns against Tibetan culture and religion, brought in more settlers on the world’s highest railway and stepped up the exploitation of Tibet’s huge reserves of raw materials.
“The central government has used the whole country’s resources to help Tibet since its peaceful liberation and has allowed Tibet to achieve thousands of years of progress in just a few decades,” Zhang told a group of cadres.
He appears immune to embarrassment. Welcoming the Olympic torch on its heavily guarded tour through Lhasa on June 21, Zhang promised that he would “totally smash” the Dalai Lama “clique”.
The IOC regretted that “political statements” had been made at the event. But with top-level protection, Zhang appears supremely confident of his authority to run a campaign that sounds to many Chinese like an echo from history.
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Boris,
I don't think China is a bubble. Its rise is continuous and the CCP will be there to guide it along. Yes we shall see whether you are right or I am.
060808
Lim, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Lim in Malysia.
Laws are made to be broken especially bad ones.That is how democracy works. Authoritarian regimes crumble. They are only temporary. China's rise is an inflating bubble. The markets for China goods are now declining. Down by 20% this month. It will all pop then back to square one.
Boris, Belgravia, United Kingdom
Lim in Malysia.
Laws are made to be broken especially bad ones.That is how democracy works. Authoritarian regimes crumble. They are only temporary. China's rise is an inflating bubble. The markets for China goods are now declining. Down by 20% last month. It will all pop then back to square one.
Boris, Belgravia, United Kingdom
Lloyd, London
To China,
1) Tibet is an internal matter,
2) Taiwan as a province of China was long "acknowledged" by the KMT (ruling party in Taiwan) as published in their history books.
3) Zimbabwe is a sovereign nation & any arms deals with the government of the day is legal.
210708
Lim, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Not all Chinese are brainwashed by CCP propaganda, and many Chinese intellectuals and dissidents are critical of the CCP regime and its policies towards Tibet and the Dalai Lama. But CCP's days are numbered. China is not rising, its blowing up like a balloon and when it pops it will be good for all
Chan Shu, Taipei,
Kieran, London - Higher democratic ideals you say...you mean like how GB has just democratically signed the Lisbon treaty against the court's wishes. Some ideal!
Glynn, Kingston,
The Chinese think the path to being No1 is through economic power, what they dont realise is that they can never be leaders because they have no higher social, political or democratic ideals to offer. Who aspires to be under the cosh of a brutal totalitarian dictatorship?
Kieron, London,
Lloyd, London.
China also fiercely respects the fiercest third world dictatorships. Weapons and regime know how in exchange for valuable natural resources, turning whole states into ghastly prisons. Tibet, Zimbabwe, Darfur, Cambodia, Burma. Laos. The list is endless.
Colin, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Glynn, Kingston you say .. fiercely respects the sovereignty of nations and will never interfere or invade another.. SORRY? Tibet whats that if not invasion, Taiwan they interfere every day and thats just openly what about the interference in Zim. China is a Marxist dictatorship nothing more.
Lloyd, London,
Edward: Ruler as parent? Government as household? Ok, then the torture chamber is in the basement? ...where the all-knowing, all-powerful father punishes his family for the slightest deviance from the father's belief, words, etc...
Eddie, Toronto, Canada
To Westerners: It would be futile to preach your 300-yr old Lockean doctrine of democracy to the Chinese. They won't appreciate the notion of a government as sanctioned by a social contract. They have a 2000-yr old Confucian distrust for political debates. One party is noisy enough. Why many?
Edward, Bristol,
To the China bashers: There is nothing to fear but fear itself.If its your economies, look to your government; if it's you social fabric, look to your government. As for the Chinese we will make you anything you want as long as you still can't curb your wants and are willing to pay for it.
Glynn, Kingston,
Dan , Ottawa - Wouldn't you say then that we too have been brainwashed from an embroynic stage? Many of us here in the West to parrot what our govt. want. Eg. if you work for the services, army navy etc or you wouldn't be there and what about our foreign service? Isn't that the nature of the beast?
Glynn, Kingston,
To the Chinese: It is futile to explain to the Westerners why you are happy with your own government. They cannot appreciate that you see your country as a household and your ruler as a parent. The father does not sin whatever mistakes he makes as long as he gives you food and sends you to school.
Edward, Bristol,
I agree the Chinese are fine people who have been brainwashed from birth by the Chinese Communist Party. What is saddest is seeing Chinese studying in the West maliciously parroting the CCP line, many at the behest of Chinese embassies, in return for favours when they return home. Sick.
Dan , Ottawa, Canada
China is a threat to the world and wants to destroy Tibet culture. They have plans not only to dominate Tibet but all of east Asia. There is no peace in the world with the present rulers or communitst ideology in China. The West must not appease to Communitst China's Tyranny by business gains.
Mike, toronto, Canada
Namgyal Damdul, Dublin, Ireland - Whether or not the West funds China, it is its manifest destiny. Just like it was the US's manifest destiny to be top in the 20th century. China holds Westphalian ideals that fiercely respects the sovereignty of nations and will never interfere or invade another
Glynn, Kingston,
Lim, shengqi, lihongming, please help me. In China is the internet freely available to all and any sites, does the Chinese government run re-education camps for anyone who thinks differently to Government ideology, is the press free, do you have free and fair elections, is there freedom of religion?
Lloyd, London,
Lim, shengqi, lihongming the West is not afraid of China. China has more problems than they could ever imagine, inflation, unrest (although to date you have crushed this literally) Poverty in the provinces, pollution out of control, too many males not enough females, cost of living out of control.
Lloyd, London,
It is easy to critisize when your interests is are involved. As a Chinese who have studied in the West for 5 years, I really appreciate effort of the current Chinese Gov., who maintains stability and provide chances to pursue personal goals to me, my family, and most of the 1.3 billion Chinese.
Xun, Oxford, UK
Donald S, Shanghai, China
If the West had practised what Confucius teached, the world would be a better place today. The West behaves like a cowboy and thinks that it is still the same period of Indians and cowboys, many moons back. The West needs to wake up as the rest of the world is waking up
Lim , Johor Bahru, Malaysia
William, Atlanta, USA said: "World inaction allows China to destroy lives"
You are biased and casting great injustice. China risks the lives of its young soldiers to rescue & save lives (both Chinese & Tibetans) trapped in the Sichuan earthquake. This is a recent occurence & yet u have forgotten.
Lim Hing Thing, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Whatever.
I'll enjoy the Olympics for the sporting achievements of the dedicated athletes.
The Tibet issue has wrongdoings on both sides and it's stupid to pick solely on the Chinese government on these matters. Wake up to the real world guys, there are millions of people happy in the PRC.
Andy, Cambridge, UK
Sinister is the author! It is a pity that some people in the western countries are so easily misled by the biased. Set asured the absolute majority of Chinese including 55 ethnic minorities are aboslute behind the government on this issue.
shengqi, Beijing,
The stability inside China is of the critical importance for China's rising and benefiting the Chinese people. Unfortunately, this need some cost and sacrifice for the average persons of China that is the corruption and authoritarian of one party rule. After all a paper has two sides.
thomas, harbin,
Shame on those racists from West. They hate Chinese people. They think they are superior than Chinese people. They are really pathetic.
lihongming, beijing, China
British troop are slaughtering Afghan and Iraqis. How many civilians were killed since 2003? Apparently, the west media have no interest in these. Because they just died as a price of "freedom". And then the west media specially focuses on "evil" China. It is really a good way of brain-washing
Wxing, China,
Mike, Nottm, UK
My Democratic friend, it is your old marxist/maoist here. Don't worry. The rising China is peaceful, not war like and definitely development oriented. It has no territorial ambitions. It wants friendly relationships with all countries. Please sleep well, sweet dreams.
150708
Lim , Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Whats so "secret" and "sinister" about something that has been announced and championed in public by CCP officials for weeks?
Pete, Cov,
Through its occupation of Tibet and Eastern Turkestan, China is showing that it has always been and will always be the worst example of an imperialist totalitarian country. Worse aven than the USSR.
All China cares about is plundering Tibet's resources. The people are a nuisance to be dealt with.
John Maynard, Toronto, Canada
I think there is possibility of a world war at the middle of this century because by then China would have become Superpower and would have controlled half of the world and would be planning for Europe and USA. Then, well, western countries themselves will be blamed for funding China through trade.
Namgyal Damdul, Dublin, Ireland
If exposing the truth is China bashing : so be it.
If the Chinese people chose to believe and repeat these lies they deserve just as much criticism. I for one will not apologize in the face of such hypocritical behaviour.
The China apologists are no better than the Communist party they defend.
maurice, vancouver,
Isreal-Palestine, China-Tibet, Zimbabwe-Zimbabwe!
USA-Native Americans, Sudan-Darfur
Oppression is a human trait. We seek to exploit our brothers for profit and due to hunger for power. Humanity will go on, until we deplete the planet or poison the atmosphere. Until then, all I can do is love.
Fran Ing, Berkeley, USA
So, does this mean the railway line that connects Beijing to Tibet is not necessarily being built for tourism, but as a means to get the military into Tibet proper as quickly as they can to start their reign of oppression.
Hima, Houston,
Well, what many of us suspected is now out in the open. Let the torture begin! Oh, I forgot, first we all have to smile and watch the Olympics. If I were the praying type, I'd start now to pray for the Tibetans. This is beyond shame.
Eddie, Toronto, Canada
China is not doing anything different from American and British history. China should give the Tibetans the modern equivalent of smallpox infested blankets. Walk down the streets of Mayfair and you can the most of this wealth was plundered for centuries from places like India, China, & MidEast.
Tony Snow, Washington, D.C., USA
It should say "World inaction allows China to destroy lives while blaming Bush." Really, what is the UN going to do about it? Nothing but talk while people die. Any nation that does stand up is brow-beaten by Europe and accused of being "imperailist". The West is now weak. Time for US to come home
William, Atlanta, USA
This is a ridiculous article. There is no 'secret' plan to tame Tibet. It is all public. Zhang Qingli, the party secretary, said in public, for God's sake, when he launched the torch relay there a few weeks back. They have been talking about it for monts - if not years for that matter.
barrie hugher, dubai, UAE
Deeply disturbing how a human being can call the killing of another human being 'nipping the buds'. Whilst Lim casually dismisses 'western style democracy', another Tibetan is brutally tortured and killed by the Chinese govt. Malaysia's no better, look at what has happened to Penans or Orang Aslis.
Wu, Johor, Malaysia
I hope western leaders and people will now beoycott te Beijing farce to give China a clear message that noone is being fooled by their attempts to cover up the brutal and repressive nature of their corrupt regime. Similarly TV stations should not broadcast news from the bloodstained Olympicsw.
Frank, London, UK
"bash and demonize Chinese people and Chinese culture"
Not at all, just the Chinese government & it's repressive policies in Tibet
"public dissent or demonstrations should be nipped in its bud"
The voice of a true totalitarian, democracy may be far from perfect but it has to be better than that..
Mike, Nottm, UK
It is appalling to see some people from the West to bash and demonize Chinese people and Chinese culture again. It is so unfair and injustice to the global 1.4 billion Chinese people. We will continue to speak out against western prejudice. Different cultures have different ways of thinking!!!!!
jack han, beijing, China
China has been complacent in governing its provinces effectively. Tibet and Xinjiang in particular should have been better ruled; public dissent or demonstrations should be nipped in its bud quickly. Observance of the laws of the land is paramount. CHina must not follow Western style democracy.
S K Lin, Kuala LUmpur, Malaysia
It's funny how uneducated and misinformed most people outside of China are of the truth. Everyone knows that Western state media is controlled by zionists who wish for anglo-saxon supremity and fear the uprising of China. Most people should research the history of Tibet before making comments.
Charles, Sydney, Australia
its ok this is china. they make things for us and have no oil to sell. this isnt rhodesia after all.
peter jones, moscow, russia
hgao in Beijing
If there is truth in this article, you are saying it should not be printed. The western media should instead kowtow to Beijing and join in the Chinese practice of saying nothing bad about your government. No way. The west is not Confucian and never will be.
Donald S, Shanghai, China
Lim, I see you spreading your type of maxist rubbish on this site as well. Let Mugabe kill whoever he likes, let China slaughter people, have sweat shops and disregard every human rights law the world has ever seen. What sort of person are you?
Lloyd, London,
Selling arms for use in Darfur, supporting the Burmese government, vetoing sanctions aganst Zimbabwe,
and of course years of brutality in Tibet. Why should
we feel at all excited about their Olympics?
Paul, Edinburgh, UK
I love china and chinese culture. i think Tibet is part of China.
Will Davis, London, UK
Always interesting to see the British media so thorough on Tibet but never on Northern Ireland where years of police brutality, government sponsored terrorism and torture have destroyed so many lives. Who is going to boycott the London Olympics?
Free Northern Ireland!
Joe Smith, Los Angeles, USA
if communism is so great, why does it have to be forced at gunpoint?
brian, texas, usa
For nearly 60 years the international community has looked away at what the Chinese are doing in Tibet. This what people do, of course when the problem arrives at their doorstep they wonder why no one is coming to help.
Eddy, los Angeles, usa
All d anti-China posters here are sour grapes. I read some will be boycotting d Olympics as well as made in China goods.
D Tibetans were okay until someone used d Olmpyics to put pressure on China. All disruptive efforts are doomed to fail. D 1.3 billion Chinese will not be moved.
130708
Lim, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
It's very important for the world to see what is happening in Tibet and neighboring Tibetan Areas where protest have happened during March against Chinese occupation after the Olympics. Hu's govt. is as good as Mugube's. No space to express ur feeling!
Yeshi, Bangalore, India
ive lived in china for years they are decent people who have been brainwashed by a thug regime who lie and steal from them at every opportunity. tibet is no different from the rest of china. most educated people i speak to want rid of this regime true the west is not perfect but hey r better than it
william gibbons, chengdu, china
Should a goverment do NOTHING after such a mass unrest in which Tibetans directed their racial hatred against their neighbors (both the Han and the Hui minorities in Tibet) through burning and killing?
H Bline, Atlanta, USA
China has been doing this in Xinjiang for a long long time..God protect us all..
Young Sufi, London, UK
Tibet, for China, is a gold mine of resources and strategic military positioning. It has for 50 years been slowly strangling Tibetan culture. What is happening now is not new. 1.2 million Tibetans have died since the Chinese invasion. Now the spiritual treasure chest that is Tibet is under threat.
Laurence, Sydney, Australia
Bashing China is becoming a new Olympic sport. West media have got the gold long before it start. Why? Because China is rising with a success story. Contain, belittle and besiege China become first priority in neo-con's geopolitical agenda, to which trendy liberals serve as foot-soldiers. Pity
hgao, beijing,
So China is changing & opening up is it? sounds like the same old totalitarian brutality to me. If China's on the rise god help us all, Bush was bad enough.
Mike, Nottm, UK
Tibet is in it's last month of any sort of freedom.
After the close of the Olympics the international cameras will be gone and the people of Tibet will suffer.
For they have embarresed the government....for the last time.
Les Copeland, Los Angeles, USA
Anybody who has ever spent any serious time in China knows for a fact that what China presents to the outside and what it does on the inside are two very different things. This is only news to people who are so naive as to believe things were ever going to be 'as presented for the Olympics'.
CS, Sydney, Australia
Bashings come out just because China and Russia veto the sanction against Zimbabwe?
'run a campaign that sounds to many Chinese like an echo from history'. Yes, and most Chinese hope the 'history' here means the history about General Wang Zhen in Xinjiang.
Ran, York, UK
Is it be any surprise that the Chinese govt. is planning this. God help the Tebetans once the 2008 Olympics are over.
KR
K. Rathore, College Station,