Jane Macartney in Beijing
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Down a narrow alley in the heart of Beijing, Chen Yongge and his wife are coming to terms with the end of a way of life.
As he surveys his tiny convenience store, stocked with myriad goods from eggs to ice-cream, and cigarettes to peanuts, Mr Chen tries to visualise life without plastic shopping bags. “When my customers come in here, how are they going to carry out their eggs or their peanuts? I sell these by weight and then put them in a plastic bag.”
On the wall behind him hangs an array of filmy bags in assorted sizes. In five months’ time he will be forced to charge for them. “I know that this is supposed to protect the environment, but the days when people went out with a net bag ended in the late Eighties,” he said. “Now people think I’m just stingy if I don’t offer them a bag.”
During their country’s extraordinary transformation from agrarian society to industrial powerhouse in less than a generation, Chinese consumers eagerly embraced super-markets. With them came an exponential increase in the use of the ubiquitous plastic carrier bag: more than three billion are handed out each day.
But the practice is about to end. The State Council, China’s Cabinet, has ruled that on June 1 shops will be banned from handing out free bags, citing the environmental damage that they cause. It said: “Plastic shopping bags, due to reasons such as excessive use and inefficient recycling, have caused serious waste of energy and resources and environmental pollution.”
In the past, most Chinese would not venture out of doors without a cloth or netting bag tucked in their pocket to carry home their groceries, which would be wrapped up in paper.
But the ready availability of plastic bags in the new Western-style super-markets and traditional convenience stores has created an environmental nightmare.
Consumers discard their bags routinely without regard for the consequences: across the country plastic bags can be seen hanging from the branches of trees, festooned in ragged strips on hedges and fences, piled along roadsides and even rolling in the wind over the plateaus of Tibet, an inescapable blight on the landscape.
The nationwide ban follows the example of a remote county in western Qinghai province where plastic bags have been banned outright since 2005. Shopkeepers in Yushu respond with outrage to requests for a plastic bag to carry their purchases. Anyone providing one in the ethnically Tibetan region faces a fine of at least 500 yuan (£33) – no small sum for the local nomad population.
Officials say Yushu was probably the first county to take such drastic action. One county spokeswoman told The Times: “At first it was difficult to implement because people found it inconvenient. But because of local religious beliefs, people were more open to protect the environment and so Yushu seemed a good place to launch this policy.”
Under the new regulation, shoppers will have to pay if they want a plastic bag. The State Council did not say how much it would cost. It simply said: “We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags, using baskets for their vegetables.”
An outright ban will be imposed on the production of ultra-thin plastic bags less than 1.025 mm thick. The circular said: “The super-thin bags have especially become a main source of plastic pollution as they are easy to break and thus disposed of carelessly.”
China, which produces many of the world’s plastic bags, already has to refine five million tonnes of crude oil a year just to keep pace with the demand for plastics used in packaging at home. It urged rubbish collectors to do more to recycle waste by separating plastic for reprocessing and reducing the amount to be burnt or buried.
But some environmental activists questioned whether China’s tradition of top-down orders was the best way to solve its environmental crisis. They suggested that, rather than impose new regulations, it might make more sense to push stores to find ways to encourage shoppers to stop using plastic bags in exchange for small rewards.
Dai Qing, an activist, told The Times: “The problem isn’t necessarily about banning plastic bags, but finding ways to persuade people to care about their environment. That is something that comes with understanding and can’t just appear on command.”
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The plastic bag has contributed to poverty amongst the women I work with in unexpected ways. How, I hear you ask? Well imagine this.. in developed countries when we think about assests, to most of us it's the homes we own, valuable jewellery etc in some developing countries especially in rural areas, their assets are goats, cows, sheep and other live stock. These are what people trade to send children to school, buy anti malaria tablets etc.
Imagine therefore if you will a situation where a family wakes up and their prized goat is dead because it swallowed a plastic bag that was carelessly disposed of! I have seen this with my own eyes and the despair in people's eyes when they realised what had happened
Some governments such as the Ugandan government have realised the effect of plastic bags on the environment and outlawed them last year and incredible whilst in some circles this was welcomed in others their was outrage. I continue to follow this with interest
Ida Horner, Walton on Thames,
It is time to fight against pollution.
Bi Yantao, Cork, Ireland
We could either:
1) Change our mindset in such a way that we begin to socially pressure one another out of using plastic bags, and to carry one becomes a stigma, and to regard them as useful or convenient is thought to betray selfishness and a destructive nature,
or:
2) Change our mindset in such a way that we don't mind seeing plastic bags blowing about the place.
I'm with (2) because it's actually the option which is more respectful of other people, human activities, creativity, freedom, and all that. Also because (1) is insane. They're only bags.
_Felix, Nottingham,
This is an exceptional new law. I only hope the US gets wind of it and finds a way to do the same. I disagree with Qing, right now not enough people care to make small changes like this, the people need "commands" at times.
jen, Denver, USA
I think Britain would do well to follow China in this as we use soo many plastic bags, and wrapping that it has become a environmental time bomb that will blow up in our childrens future. Lets take action, NOW. before we do any further damage. lets try to state undoing the mess that we have created over the last 40 years. The only way to stop the big super markets is to make it against the law with huge fines.
Amaerica have paper sacks, why cant we use them instead. if people do not want to carry cloth bags.
susan, burnley, Lancashire
They banned plastic bags several years ago in some parts of India, e.g. Ladakh.
The problem in China is that currently the supermarkets all seem to assume their customers are thieves, and we're not permitted to take our own bags into the stores. You have to leave them in lockers. It'll be interesting to see whether the response is to permit us to use our own bags, or simply force us to buy their bags (plastic or otherwise).
Pete, China,
what did the americans do 50 years ago?
tom xu, beijing, china
Bye bye,free plastic bags .
ye,ji, shiyan, China
hope it will goes smoothly ~
B.H, SZ, CN
South Africa did this a few years ago - previously, the joke on the street was that the country's national flower was the 'plasticus bagus'. Now, as well as grabbing a wallet, cap and car-keys when you head to the shops, we grab a handful of supermarket bags that are recycled time and time again. It's just a matter of getting your head round a new system, not hard but requires a bit of forward planning before shopping. It has made an incredible difference to the aesthetic environment - and has significantly reduced sightings of the dreaded 'plasticus bagus'
nikki, Cape Town, South Africa
Jolly good form China, now surely other nations 'must' follow. If China's change is succesful, then how can any leading political organisation or government not impement such a policy; especially if it seems to be agreeable with the majority of the population in each remaing country faced with this environmental problem!
Crawford, Exeter
George Crawford, Exeter, Devon
Farming trees to make paper bags will only help to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere, old paper bags are easily recyclable into other products - even furniture - and water used in the process tends to re-appear as rain after a while.
The negatives are that they are useless when damp and tear easily in transit. Paper bags were all we used when I was a lad, but that was long ago. Surely new technology can help make strong wet paper.
Mike Poulsen, Reading, Berkshire
China has shown excellent initiative in tackling this issue. If all countries followed suit then we would be that bit closer to cleaning up our act. Britian should definitely be the next to ban free plastic bags.
Lydia, London, UK
Paper involves vast quantities of water, wood and other such resources.
To implement such a strategy would involve further land being dedicated to tree plantations, a plan which when taking global population growth and space requirements into account, doesn't seem particularly viable.
I do not, however, condone the usuage of plastic bags, I suggest the customers bring their own containers.
Kerry, MC,
Why are the bags plastic? Why are they not made of paper?
Diana, exeter, uk
way to go China!! well done!!...India has a lot of catching up to do...wonder when the peopple will wake up to it!!
vandana, bangalore, india
In Germany they charged for plastic bags 20 years ago.
Christina B, London UK,
What will they put their dog and cat doodies in then?
Or does it even get picked up?That will probably be the next
order of "business".
Dan, Iowe,
well it is good that china is starting to play for the enviroment.
snowfox, texas, Canada
Banning bags is a Must as people are resourceful. My gran always had a 'shopper' and I have at least 5 working bags.
Encouraging people to be responsible for their actions is a good thing - however the majority of people are lazy and not able to carry thru on their 'good intentions' so it then becomes necessary to take away the item causing the problem.
I wonder why China has implemented this ban before the UK? however I was brought up in Australia where we were taught to 'Keep Australia Beautiful' by big campaigns and I can see how pathetic Britain has been when it comes to taking pride in this country and not polluting this beautiful land and the disgusting attitude of many local Brits who 'litter'. (I know they are local - I can hear their accents!)
Sally K., Edinburgh, Scotland
Meanwhile the 'dirty' old United Kingdom still has no tax on supermarket carrier bags!
Billy Bop, london, uk
Looks like China is now going down the same road the U.S. did 50 some years ago.
We are finally starting to learn from those mistakes.....Lets hope the Chinese are smart enough to learn from our mistakes!!
M.J., Iowa, U.S.A.
While, whether it will sort out the problems or not, this is certainly a good first step. Well-done, China!
Cindy, London,
I like it. Pollution taxes seem reasonable, since the lifetime costs of the bages are shared more widely than the initial usage benefits. Any reason not to tax them? The usual "its regressive" objection seems dubious, since alternatives also are cheap.
jfx, chicago,