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Germany is planning to land an unmanned craft on the Moon in an ambitious revival of a dream that has haunted the nation since the 1930s.
“Why shouldn’t we do it alone?” asks Walter Doellinger, director of the German Air and Space Centre. “We have the technology, we have the know-how and we have the experience with robots.”
There have been clear signals from the German Government, led by the Chancellor, Angela Merkel, who is a physicist, that it is willing to put up €300 million (£202 million) over five years for the initial funding of the Lunar Exploration Orbiter.
It is a sign of the new self-confidence of Germany, and one that will attract controversy: it was under the Nazis that German scientists made the decisive breakthrough towards space travel in October 1942 by launching an A4 rocket 100km into space.
The rocket design, renamed the V2, was later used to bombard the South East of England and Antwerp in Belgium, killing thousands. The German scientist Wernher von Braun later helped America in the space race.
Germany’s partners have viewed with suspicion any attempt to develop a space programme outside established institutions such as the European Space Agency (ESA). Germany, of course, does not have a sinister military intent. As outlined to scientists at a meeting this week, it intends to send a satellite with a high-resolution camera to orbit the Moon for four years to prepare the first detailed lunar map. When this is completed, a rocket will land a robot soil-sampler.
German scientists lead the field in outer space measurement, photographic and radar technology, including the high-resolution cameras on board the European Space Agency craft Mars Express.
The German orbiter will be launched by 2013. The soil sampler should be on the Moon before 2020. The US manned space programme may also benefit from the Moon atlas if Nasa goes ahead with its plans to set up a lunar base.
Other European countries, including Britain and Italy, have been considering independent projects in space. “Every one of our members is permitted to start its own venture,” a spokeswoman for the ESA said.China is emerging as a space superpower, with two successful manned missions and ambitious plans to build space station. India also has an active programme. It plans to launch an unmanned lunar mission by early next year, plus manned space flights and an unmanned mission to Mars in 2012.
Germany’s space ambitions began peacefully enough in the 1920s. It was the Germans who first conceived of a prelaunch countdown — featured in the 1929 Utopian film Woman in the Moon by Fritz Lang.
First in space
— General Walter Dornberger said, on the launch of the A4 in 1942: “We have invaded space with a rocket and used space as a bridge between two points on the Earth”
— Within months the design, renamed the V2, above, was being mass-produced by slave labour for use as a weapon
— The key scientist involved in the A2 project was Wernher von Braun. After the war, he helped the US to build missiles capable of hitting the Soviet Union
— Moscow also seized German rocket scientists and set them to work on nuclear weapon delivery and space exploration
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A little historical accuracy here, folks: while it's true Van Braun and other captured German scientists were key to the development of rocket technology in the US and the USSR, it is NOT true that we owe "everything" to them... and the idea that we couldn't have done it *without* them is patently false. Von Braun et al simply made us more competitive in the race for space. But we had our own rocket technology underway long before the war, as did the Russians. Robert Goddard, lest we forget, was doing advanced work in rocketry in those days, and it's as much to him as Von Braun and the others that we owe our success. The Russians had similar pioneers. Also, the idea that the Germans could ever have gotten to the moon on their own--let alone before us--is ridiculous. The US and the USSR were the only countries capable of footing the bill for such a manned trip. It's nice to see the Germans getting back into the game which they helped create... but let's be clear-headed about this.
Randall, Ithaca, USA/NY
Go Germany! I agree they probably could do it faster. Had Hitler not come along and wrecked things, I am positive that the Germans would have been there first. Germans are a brilliant and innovative people and this is good news for all.
For anyone who wishes to keep bringing WWII, it's over folks. Germany was a wonderful country hijacked by thugs. Not unlike the U.S. today. We all have our black spots in history. It's time to move on regarding Germany (and the U.S., soon, I hope).
Jim Wilkie, New York, NY, USA
It's about time the Germans entered the space race. The US space program was built entirely on German technology after all. And German astronauts would not be driving around in diapers trying to kidnap people. Still, the program seems a little anemic, I mean, a robot on the moon by 2020? What's that all about? The Germans need thirteen years to do that? THE GERMANS? THIRTEEN YEARS? C'mon, people, the French could have a robot on the moon in two years if they really wanted to. The Germans should be able to do it in six months.
Corey, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Ya, ya, Piggy, with all due respect, heard this one before?
Most Austrians would like the world to believe that Hitler was a German and Beethoven was Austrian. Ya, ya. And it need not require a degree in rocket science to suss out that the essential difference between the Jerry and the Pom is that the former has a civilization, the latter only traditions.
Ya, as you said, one must not hold grudges forever, so it's also time that we cease reminding the Germans of the sins that their forefathers committed in the last century and relieve them, especially the present generation, of the burden of the collective guilt and shame of those terrible deeds perpetrated by the Nazis.
SD GOH, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Those Germans are very smart and I think they deserve
another chance because you can not keep a bird with beautiful feathers deprived of liberty for ever.
Joe Thomas, New jersey, USA
It;s a good thing the USA got Einstein then von Braun. Germany
lost a lot of brainpower, to the benefit of the US. What if Hitler or
Stalin had both of those men. The USSR would have probably
taken the rest of Europe. Be thankful it was Amenica that got
those men, it could have been much worse.
ralph herrera, Rosenberg, USA/TEXAS
There is no doubt that Jerry is a clever fellow, and a fine workman in producing high quality goods. The BOG standard of olden days meant that something was produced to high British or German levels, the best in the world in fact. A shame our stuff has gone down the pan, but lets not hold grudges forever, we gave Jerry a damn good thrashing once or twice and he got up and recovered, lets wish him well in this ambitious venture, perhaps something useful for mankind may develop out of it, a colony on the moon perhaps?.
Piggy Kruger, bridgwater, UK
What have to do what the Nazis did in WWII with a space program of Germany nowadays? I Don't know why everything that Germany do have to be linked to the Nazi period. Is in every NASA aerospatial project reminded that USA atomicr bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
Gabriel, Marbella, Spain
"The key scientist involved in the A2 project was Wernher von Braun. After the war, he helped the US to build missiles capable of hitting the Soviet Union" A2? V2? A4? V4?
waldo, campbellville,
Regarding point the first Jessica, I always thought that acronyms which are pronounced as words such as Uefa, and Nato, and indeed Nasa, should only have the first letter capitalised otherwise it would indicate that the individual letters should be spelt out.
Paul, Edinburgh,
1. NASA and ESA are both acronyms. Why did you properly capitalize ESA, but not NASA?
2. Thanks for reminding us that the V2 was produced by slave labour. Some aspects of history must not be forgotten.
Jessica Tufts, Milton Keynes,
Fantastic news. This is a better way to expend $$ than for military or exessive social services. A German rocket programme is a fitting tribute to Wernher von Braun who has been transformed into a bogey man despite his role in the developement of rocket science. The west was willing to use him when it was in their interest then cast aspersions about his life and times towards the end of his life. People should build a bridge and move on as has German science.
S Singer, perth, wa