Charles Bremner in Paris
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Taxi drivers and other critics said that it would never work, but three weeks after Paris was sprinkled with 10,000 self-service bicycles, the scheme is proving a triumph and a new pedalling army appears to be taming the city’s famously fierce traffic.
Bertrand Delanoë, the city’s mayor, and his green-minded administration are jubilant at the gusto with which Parisians and visitors have taken to the heavy grey cycles that have been available at 750 ranks since July 15.
Nowhere is the project being watched with greater interest than in London as the city prepares for London Freewheel day next month, when miles of roads will be car-free for the day. After witnessing first-hand the ease with which Parisians have taken to pedalling, Ken Livingstone, the Mayor, has asked Transport for London to develop a similar plan for London and bring together several smaller schemes across the city.
In Paris there have been few teething troubles with the high-tech system that supplies the bikes for up to €1 per half-hour — but one is a result of residents using them to glide downhill to work and then taking public transport home, resulting in gluts of bikes at some low-level stands and shortages at higher altitude stations, such as Montmartre.
Subscribers must pay €29 (£20) a year, give their credit card details and leave a €150 credit card deposit to join the Vélib scheme. This buys half an hour’s pedalling a day and a card to lock and unlock bicycles from automated stations spaced every 300 metres in the city’s centre.
Visitors to Paris can buy weekly or daily Vélib cards for €5 or €1. The giant fleet of Vélibs (short for free or freedom-bikes in French) is already showing signs of transforming a city which, despite increasing cycle lanes, had never been pedal-friendly. The real test will come with the end of summer and the return of bad weather and grumpy Parisians from holiday.
A number of free-bike schemes have been road-tested relatively successfully in London. OYbikes, co-founded by a former cabbie, Bernie Hanning, three years ago, lets cyclists hire a bike free for 30 minutes, after paying an initial £10 registration fee. Cyclists can phone the OYBike call centre to get the code to unlock the bike at locations including Hammersmith, Fulham and West Kensington. Another scheme in Tower Hamlets encourages employers with tax benefits to provide pooled bikes for staff.
Dave Holladay, a veteran cycling enthusiast who advises the CTC, the national cycling organisation, welcomed the move to introduce a large-scale bike scheme in London. “It takes no more than 15 minutes to get to any Central London terminus by bike, so there could be huge benefits for the city. I think TFL should look at what’s available as there is already a lot going on. In the case of OYbikes, it only takes ten minutes to erect one of their hiring points, so a project like that can be expanded very easily.”
However, he added that one of the main reasons that similar schemes had failed in England, for example in Southampton and Bristol, is because of a lack of co-operation from the rail networks, who have objected to providing parking space near stations.
Parisians, meanwhile, appear to be enjoying their new found pedal power. In the first three weeks of the world’s biggest bike rental scheme, the 22kg (48lb) machines were borrowed 1.2 million times. Each is being used six times a day on average, usually for the short trips that are encouraged by the pricing scheme.
New patterns are forming, with arriving commuters stripping the stands at railway stations. To ensure a morning ride, some have taken — illegally — to securing bikes at night with their own locks. J. C. Decaux, the company that provides and services the bikes at no charge in return for rights to the city’s advertising space, is also seeking ways to counter theft and damage after 50 were torn from their moorings and 180 vandalised in the first weeks of the scheme.
The successes . . . and failures
Copenhagen Prototype scheme, with advertising sponsorship – bicycles
have tyres that do not puncture
Lyon 1,500 bicycles available for 15,000 users. Costs 30p for 30 minutes
Germany Some glitches with GPS system
St Andrews Bikes were stolen in the Scottish university town in an
early pilot scheme
Cambridge When a pilot scheme started in the 1960s, the fleet slowly
vanished. When it was resurrected in 1993, all 300 bicycles were stolen on
the first day

Pedal power
15 extra free minutes are granted if a rider’s destination station is already full of bikes
48% increase in bicycle use in Paris since 2001
27 milesof these were built in 2006
14 minimum age to join the scheme
1,451 collection points by the end of the year
230 miles of cycle paths in the city
Source: www.velib.paris.fr
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I think one way of stopping the bikes being stolen in Britain is to make them unatractive to thieves by making the whole fleet very distictive (especially the frames). That way if a stolen bike is resold it would be very obvious where the bike had come from.
TabbyCat, Liverpool,
The future is with technology i think - i read about somewhere they have a Smart Card scheme - and he card is swiped each time the person uses a bike and they pay Annual Membership - not sure on the Eurpoean city - anyone? This is better way to solve the bike theft problem.
Lee, Lancashire, England
I am originally from Cambrifge and was present in 1993 when the scheme you mentionned took place. it was hilarious that the council thought people are that honest, guys were parking white vans up within an hour and loading 10 or more bikes and making off with hundreds of pounds of equipment at once. however tight the security is people will get round it and unfortunately there are dishonest people everywhere who will take advantage and ultimately security has to be balanced against cost of hiring for success, a balance i fear will not be found easily- might as well make people buy the bikes if they want them or through a interest free HP agreement, thing is this is already in place in london! Why not offer them at cost price then everyone could afford transport instead of companies making huge profits on something that is touted as green, ethical transport but will most likely be stolen anyway, especially in London!
Joe C, London, UK
I heard from some friends from Barclelone that a similar scheme has also been rolled out there this years.
Nick, edinburgh,
Barcelona has recently started a similar scheme but I can see no mention of it.
Maite, Southampton, UK
I was in Barcelona a few weeks ago and their Bicing system works *very* well. There is a lot of cycle use there, and lots of variety in what they ride, but maybe a third of the cycles you see are from their rental system.
People just walk up, present their contact-less card to the system, it tells them which numbered bike to take and unlocks it, and away they go. At their destination, they drop the bike back onto the locking stand, check it's secure, and walk away.
Absolutely excellent. I cycle around my home city in the UK, but often would like the flexibility of doing some trips on foot, some by bus and cycle at other times. High-density and low-hassle bike rental would really work well in the UK if (and only if) HMG get behind it and organise it well. Not something they have a great reputation for!
Ian Oliver, Leeds, UK
i work in paris several days a week and have a number of colleagues who use this system - they are delighted with it and say that even though the traffic will increase after the summer they are now hooked. Personally I think it's great and they started it at a great time of the year (mid July) - less traffic to get used to it and enough time to not to want to stop doing it. Plus it's quite cheap - not only does London need to improve circulation but prices need to come down dramatically - here ken should go back a bit in his own political history and resurrect his cheap transport schemes that never got off the ground in the early 80s - Paris is a lot cheaper and frankly better than London for transport
sarah, gosport,
Germany's Deutsche Bahn introduced this sceme years ago, and very successfully too
T. Andre, London, UK
I'm really pleased to see that the scheme is showing early promise. I hope this points the way for other cities. The more cyclists the better.
Paul, Andover, UK
The idea is good, but it should be free. The City-bike system has been in use in Copenhagen for at least 10 years now and it is a massive success, especially among tourists (since all Danes have bikes anyway). You pay a £2 deposit and use the bike as long as you like. It is illegal to take the bikes outside the certain boundaries (like the London C-charge zone). The scheme is ad-sponsered and bike repairs are done by prison inmates.
Martin Hutchings, Copenhagen, Denmark
please bring this to Cardiff. I think its a fabulous idea. (although I can only see problems in terms of infrastructure cost and vandalism)
matt, cardiff, Wales
Sounds good and all for it, reasonably priced and gives good benefits in health, mobility and reducing traffic. My concern is, if it is introduced by livingstone or other labour wards, it will be the same as other traffic reducing measures. The train service which i would use almost exclusively and keep my car for weekends is the most expensive in Europe, I only use the train as a last resort.
It sounds like the parisians have sought to not batter the motorists but synergise the bicycles with the cars. You can bet livingston will bring in draconian measures in an attempt to force full compliance, then he will continue to raise prices until it is no longer a financial benefit to take part but it will be too late to go back.
Paul, London,
I used velib a couple of weeks ago and despite pay-station failure at the first pick-up spot the scheme works really well - the only problem is that it's been a victim of its own success and many stations are left with no bikes. The bikes themselves are relatively easy to ride but lack gears (only 3 are provided). On the flat it's OK but hills are a little different... I certainly recommend it to visitors to Paris as it's a great way to see the city.
David, London, UK
As I read this article I thought " this would never work in Britain - the bikes would all be stolen". What a depressing indictment of our society to be proved correct ("successes...and failures")
Richard Speller, Southsea, England
I am an ex-pat living in Paris and have to say that the "Velib" concept is brilliant and makes travelling around the city a joy rather than a chore. I want to point out, however, an error in your article. You say that a yearly season ticket buys "half an hour's pealling a day". This is incorrect; it's a much better deal than that. Everytime you take out a "Velib" your first half hour is always free no matter how many bikes you take out in a day (same applies for the daily & weekly tickets too). I wanted to clarify this before Red Ken launches them in London but at a vastly inflated fee!! The arrival of thousands of "Velibs" on to the streets of Paris also seems to have had a knock-on effect with people using their own bikes more. I have to hand it to the French on this one - it's a well thought out and well run scheme apart from a few glitches as highlighted in this article.
Zoe Owen, Paris, France
While early signs of take up are good and I hope Velo Lib is successful, it's too early to say what impact the scheme is having on Paris traffic. The city is practically empty during the last week of July and the first weeks of August.
NeilD, Paris, France