Nicola Smith, Pristina
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OUTLAWED militias are emerging from the shadows in the Balkans as Kosovo hurtles towards an independence deadline on December 10 that is likely to trigger a confrontation with Serbia.
Deep frustration with the West’s stalled bid to grant the province full autonomy in the face of Serbian and Russian opposition threatens to embroil the region in another round of bloodletting.
The Albanian National Army (ANA), a guerrilla group branded as “terrorists” by the United Nations in 2003, has already resurfaced, brandishing sophisticated sniper rifles and Kalashnikovs and pledging to “protect” Kosovo’s vulnerable northern fringe from Serbian aggression.
Kosovo’s Serbian minority, heavily backed by Belgrade, is arming itself in anticipation of a unilateral declaration of independence from the provincial government. Kfor, Nato’s 16,000-strong force, might be caught in the middle of a conflict potentially involving Russia as well.
Last week The Sunday Times met three members of the ANA at a secret location half an hour from Pristina. “The situation in Kosovo lately has obliged us to take up our weapons again because we have seen the failure of the international community,” said one of the men, who identified himself with the nickname Astriti.
He claimed the militia already carried out road patrols and erected nighttime checkpoints close to the Serbian border, near the municipality of Podujevo: “We are concentrated in north Kosovo since the population there is threatened by Serbian bands and regular military forces. They have been neglected by Nato forces and the Kosovo police.”
On December 10 a high level “troika” of senior Russian, American and European diplomats will present a report on the future status of Kosovo to Ban Ki-moon, the UN secretary-general. The province has been under UN control since 1999 when Nato bombing drove out Serbian forces amid gross human rights abuses on both sides.
Kosovo’s government, which faces a general election on November 17, has already said it may declare independence if the international community fails to take a decision by that deadline.
Among the groups braced for action is the War Veterans’ Association of the former Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) – one of the largest and most successful guerrilla movements in recent history. Former KLA leaders say they are prepared to dust off their guns and renounce the ceasefire if provoked by Serbia.
“The delay of the Kosovo status decision has raised dissatisfaction among the population, especially among the former liberators,” said Avdyl Mushkolaj, a former KLA commander for the region of Dukagjini.
“This is the real end, we won’t allow any further playing with our destiny.
“If the status decision is delayed there is a big danger that the situation will run out of control. It will most probably start with protests that will turn to violence. None of our politicians have enough support to calm any riots.”
Mushkolaj insisted that while there was no appetite for war, the KLA’s structures, hierarchy and weapons still existed and could be rapidly mobilised. “The KLA is alive. Its members are still alive and willing to do another war if needed,” he said.
In a region where experience has shown that a fragile peace can be shattered in an instant, politicians on both sides have admitted that the diplomatic stand-off could lead to renewed military action or even a wider war.
“If there is a small fire in Kosovo, Serbia will put oil on the fire,” said Blerim Kuci, Kosovo’s interior minister. Such a conflict would have wider international implications: Serbia is backed by Russia, while the United States and most of the European Union support Kosovo’s independence bid. Kuci warned that any delay in the decision on status would create “a fertile ground for extremist elements” and lead to violence on the streets.
“A new political force would emerge on the scene by using violent means. This would be accompanied by protests and social tensions,” Kuci said.
Serbia has fired its own warning shots. Marko Jaksic, one of Serbia’s negotiators in the status talks and a close ally of Vojislav Kostunica, the Serbian prime minister, cautioned last week that “Belgrade will not stand peacefully by while the territory is taken.
“In a case of recognition of independence there will be a radicalisation of Serbia,” Jaksic said. “There will be a fast arming of Serbia, even creating Russian military bases in Serbia, something like Iran today.”
Attempts by the Kosovo assembly to declare unilateral independence could be met with “military” resistance, he argued: “From that moment the battle will begin for the reintegration of Kosovo into Serbia.”
Such statements from Belgrade have struck a chord with the Serbian minority in Kosovo who, like the Albanians, fear ethnic reprisals against them.
Sources close to the police in the ethnically divided northern town of Mitrovica, where some of the most bitter tensions have occurred since the end of the war, claimed that the authorities had been handing out weapons to those fearful of renewed violence.
Mladen Vukicevic, a 36-year-old charity worker from the northern – and Serbian – part of the town, said that people were nervous. He knew of one cache of guns that he would be prepared to use.
“I would definitely fight to defend myself and my family. I don’t believe in the UN or in Kfor. I need to believe only in myself,” he said.
Additional reporting: Andrew Wander
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There are many thing's that the widen world should understand about Balkans, the history and the culture of the inhabitans. Kosovar's are albanians, and there is nothing that does relate to the other nation in Ex Yougoslavia, different language, different coulture, and tranditions, and the history fact's are that Kosovars are one and the only inhabitans in greater Balkan.
Kosova is indepedence since 1999, appart from political and economical decission, thouhg for Kosovar's everything in administration and political-economical processes dicission are taken by the UN.
With the new election and coalition between two larger parties Kosovo within 10 comming years will become a second best place to live, with all the nationalities in., Zwize first.
Kosovar's are well known in this world that they never have done any wrong doing during the liberation, like: rape, killing all people, children-unborn children, an woman, or they have any terrorist or genocide done so for in the history.
Gino, Weybridge, UK
America, Britain, NATO, UN, EU - they're all looking for Mladic and Karadzic. What about the KLA leaders? What about the leaders of the numerous other Albanian guerilla-terrorist groups? Why are they not being hunted down? All you hear in the Western media is 'Serb ethnic cleansing of innocent Muslims in Bosnia'. These people do not care for the Serbs; when have you ever heard about the countless number of murders and rapes that are committed by Albanians in Kosovo? You don't. Not to forget the burning of arguably the most beautiful churches in the world. It seems the Muslim Albanians have got something against Christianity as well. The West want Serbia just to disappear -it's just a 'little ally' of those 'stupid' Russians. And what about 'Greater Albania'? No sooner will Kosovo gain independence than the Albanians will take it as their own, and there won't be a hint of a reaction from the White House. If Kosovo is to gain independence, Republika Srpska must gain it also. Why not?
IR, Birmingham,
belgrade has been barking over kosove ever since they were booted out in '99. is anyone really surprised at the rhetoric used today by them?! we've all heard the expression "everyone knows a barking dog never bites," and i would suggest to you all that that is the case here today. especially since kosovar are not as defenseless as they've been in the past. serbia will not engage anyone when their opponent is on a level playing field and has the ability to defend themselves. serbs are used to "fighting" elderly men, woman & children as we've all seen with our own eyes. let's all ask ourselves who are native to these lands. why do the russians and serbs have this long-held alliance? the answer is clear to all who have the slightest knowledge of the region and that is because they are the same people. the serbs migrated to the balkans while the albanians, ancient illyrians, have been there since the beginning of time. to suggest that albanians are "stealing" land borders on absurdity...
mark, detroit, usa
Kosov is geating indipendent, Serbia have a chois agree or dees agree, Serbs And Albanians have to live sid by side and have a good relatino, on economical and political etc.
We dont have a good history unfotunately, Ballkan government have responsobyli to make a good road for the people of Ballkan, Serbs nacionalizam have to coulm doun and set on realyty rathen on fantasma of it was, one time; we wher; yous to be, etc.
On ouer (Albanians,Montenegro,Bosnian, Croatin, Slovenian and Serbian) interes it shulden hapen any fite no mor, war is a war and das no't bring a winer. No wan have right to mess with Kosovo a pert of Kosovars we want indipendent, an we can have.
Sam, London, uk
I have read all of the comments and I believe that the best possible solution for Kosovo is to give the young people of Kosovo visa's to work in the EU as well as North America, Australia and New Zeland.
They need jobs. Talking of fighting and killing will not give them jobs or prosperity. The employment is so high that it is easy to recruit young people for war's and feed them with nationalistic propaganda.
All people all of the Balkan need to live in peace and prosperity as well as respect for each other.
They should simply not teach history in the schools since it is the cause of wars in the Balkans.
Finally the international community should not simply take sides in conflicts it should put pressure on both parties to compromise and build bridges and well as crack down on militants. The international community should also jail political as well as militant leaders that spread hatred and create conditions for conflict and wars. So far no leaders have been jailed.
Zack, Vancouver, Canada
Why can't Nato continue to administer Kosovo? There is no reason to stop doing that. It is obvious that those terrorist groups want the escalation of violence. They're acting like they're saying. If you don't give us independence, we will start to kill. That's crazy. NATO should stay on Kosovo a little bit longer.
I, New York,
I used to live in Mitrovica (so called Northern part) and I can remember very well that during the war in Croatia the Serbian authorities armed civilians (Serbs) in my neighbourhood. This hapened in entire Kosova during NINETIETH.
Kosova Albanians guard Orthodox Churches within centuries, but during March 17-th riots they were UNFORTUNATELY burned (I feel sorry about that, like many Albanians). Now we are paying CONSEQUENCES for that with our own tax money.
Dear Maria why you didn't mentioned that that many Mosques were burned from Serbian state forces, also there was moral duty of Albanians to take weapons to defend their own people when Serbian army start to kill childrens, old people, women and Serbian army, militia and Police commit ghoulish crimes on Albanian civils.
Kosova deserve INDEPENDENCE,
Kosova needs Prosperity,
Kosova needs Freedom,
Kosova needs SOVEREIGNTY,
and I'm sure that Kosova will respect minority rights.
Peace for all good willing PEOPLES.
PEACE/PAÃE
Prekazi, Skenderaj, Kosova
All pictures which displays Serbs as killers is product of global American interest.All what Serbs was doing in last war on Kosovo was that they defended their motherland from Albanians terrorists and Nato forces,and it was not easy,it was heroic,but now they are categorised as terrorists.USA wants to control rich Kosovo resources,so they want to take it from Serbia,also Serbia is categorised as Russia partner which is one more reason to break away that small country.German marked Serbia as historical enemy(first world war,second world war)Germany was main destroyer of ex Yugoslavia,which was one of the strongest countries in Europe.If the Nato bombarded Serbia to make peace on Kosovo,why now they do not bring it back to Serbia,becouse Serbia is now democratic country,and why over the 200000 Serbs escaped from Kosovo since Nato is there?Why Nato do not fight against Albanian separatist organizations which are killing childrens in all regions,not only in Kosovo?Ask yourself..
Pattrick, New York, USA
This is true, that UN considers KLA and NLA as a terrorist organisations, but in reality it has always been supported by USA and it's clients, supporting them with promises of independence and establishing ethnically pure state without Serbs. KLA has never been dissolved. It is about right time for UN to get rid KLA criminals on European teritory once and for all. It is a bout time Russia and its Euroean allies should get envolved.
Edeol, Moscow, Russia
In 1848, Serbs in the northern part of present-day Serbia, which was ruled by the Austrian Empire, established an autonomous region known as the Serbian Vojvodina. As of 1849, the region was transformed into a new Austrian crown land known as the Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat. Although the crown land was abolished in 1860, the Serbs from the Vojvodina region gained another opportunity to achieve their political demands in 1918. Serbs might not want to rock the boat anymore. Look at the bright side of things; Vojodina is still part of Serbia proper... but the way things are going, there might be a spilt there too in 10 years or so. Remember that it is peace and prosperity that keeps people together happily. Thankyou Serbia for providing more E.U. member states!! (Oct/29/2007)
Ares, Toronto, Canada
In this hateful fight which breeds terrorists, Sebia could be fighting to attract tourists. Keep Our Europe Beautiful!
Ares, Toronto, Canada
Truths make difference
Over 90% of Serbs never learned that Kosovo territory become important place only in early 13 century 6-7 centuries after Serbs moved to the region. Only when Tartar Armies destroyed the city of Nis seat of Orthodox Church. It was then seat of Church was moved to Kosovo. During the 13 century Serbian Princes undertook large Church building program about 15 Churches were commissioned in Serbia, Mount Athos, Constantinople and Jerusalem only tree were build in Kosovo. So Kosovo territory was ruled by Serbs only 250 years for the period 6-20 century. Serbian ethnic cleansing and genocide over Albanians started in 1880s entire villages were wiped out of Albanians as far as city of Nis central Serbia. Survivers settled in Kosovo and hated local serbs as the result as much serbs left Kosovo. Serbian regimes have continued the same practice; 1912, 25000 Albanians killed after ottoman empire withdraw. 1945-6 over 20000 Kosovars killed. 250000 forced to leave by 1960s.
bes, London,
What authorities are handing out weapons in northern Mitrovica? I thought this is illegal in Kosovo. Where is NATO in all this? Or do they prefer to deal with an insurgency later on?
The arming of Serb civilians, supposedly due to fears that they would be attacked fist, will lead to escalation, as we learned very well in Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo. Every such move led to the respective wars.
Arianit, Gjakova, Kosovo
Kosovo is a land populated 90% by ethnic Albanians and, as history tells us during all the time it has been under Serbia, they have suffered a lot.
Serbia has done nothing but abuse, discriminate, commit murder and genocide during all the time, losing any right what so ever to make a claim running the lives of those 2 million Albanians there.
It is no wonder they do not want to go back under Serbia because it amounts to suicide.
As to the Great Albania, if Europe unifies, if the United States unifies all the American states, if Britain becomes Great Britain by having Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, why canât the Albanians do so?
Adrian Jegeni, kidderminster, Worcs
Serbia still wants to keep Kosova inside Serbia like Milosevic wanted: Kosovo without Albanians. We are not stupid, if K-Albanian negotiations team fails to gain independence, than as a next and last alast solution will be joining and backing the ANA.
Behar, Vushtrri, Kosova
Further to the above opinion of Peggy , Serbia should defend its territory, what means stay away from other territories like Kosovo e.g.
West/East/North and South so far did magnificent work in Kosovo, brought the freedom to the Kosovo Albanians and it's minority's population, something that has been started since 15 June 1389 when the Kosovars started their first war ,or second in 1448 then 1455 under Ottoman empire, or you might want to know that on 1877 till 1878 about 150 000 Albanians were forced to leave their land from Nis, Prokuple, Leskovc etc.
I am not quite sure on what basis you're talking about these children's that are escorted in armored vehicles, all the churches are safeguarded by NATO forces. If you you're talking about the period during the war then you should consider the fact that it was war and not only churches were destroyed ,mosque's as well in higher numbers as well.
I am a Kosovars Albanian and would suggest you to visit Kosovo where you'll see yourself minority's in diffrent part they do live in freedom, they do countinue their buisnness, they do have schools, they do have their own transport, they do travel within Kosovo.
We are democrat people and that's our aim to fight for democracy.
Now, tell me you are based on what facts calling ANA or KLA an terrorist group's? Before you call a group terrorist you must be based on facts and those fact you should provide to the world since even myself I am not aware of such facts, I belive neither NATO. Whom did they bomb , which massacre did they do?
Now please go back and search the internet site's where you'll find enough informations on what the serbian army and police did to the childrenand old people (Kosovar Albanians) , have a look on their pictures and tell me do they look like terorists or members of KLA/or ANA.
As they say that there is an old saying ,, you can close my eyes but you can not make them sleep".
Respect to all peacful people.
strellci, Pristina, Kosovo
Peggy, u should learn the facts. These 'Serbian Churches' that you talk about originally belonged to Albanians. Just because a handfull of ignorance decides to destroy that part of Albanian history does not mean to u can condem the whole population. Also, brandashing the KLA as 'terrorists' is highly idiotic and ignorant, they fought to stop Serb atrocities which were recognised the world over. Furthermore, i think you should learn your history, preferably from a neutral source before making any judgments again. Now, in response to the article; I highly doubt a new war will start, the West would not allow it. Our judgments should remain reserved untill Dec. 10th as a lot of nonesense is going to be said in the next couple of weeks by both sides designed to gain a reaction.
HAMIT, London, United Kingdom
What would the world expect other than Serbia defending it's territory. The west has no right to give away anything which doesn't belong to them. NATO has been administering Kosovo for 8 years now and all we have it Serbian children having to be escorted in armored cars to school and civilians to churches.
Many Serbian churches have been destroyed under the watchful eye of NATO. Whose side are they on?
Serbia has full legal and moral right to fight for their territory and protect the remaining Serbian civilians from terrorists organizations like ANA AND KLA. KLA is even in power now.
Today if they are successful in taking a part of Serbia, tomorrow they will threaten violence again and carry it out if necessary to take a part of Macedonia, Greece and Montenegro. This is not a unique case as reported in the papers. Albanians want great Albania and slowly but surely if not stopped will do it.
Peggy, Melbourne, Australia