Richard Beeston at Cape Nosappu
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The Russian and Japanese coastguard cutters shadowed each other through the steely waters of the north Pacific in a carefully choreographed routine played out along the last active fault-line of the the Second World War.
On a clear day the closest of the Kurile islands, seized and occupied by Russia off the tip of northeastern Japan, look close enough to touch. Russian fishermen dive for valuable sea urchins or haul giant Kamchatka crabs on to their boats. Russian military radar keeps watch for intruders. Workmen put the finishing touches to a Russian Orthodox church, complete with a gleaming golden onion dome.
On the Japanese shore the elderly former inhabitants look on in frustration. Sixty years after they were expelled by Soviet forces, they seethe with anger over what they regard as one of Stalin’s greatest crimes and one that is being perpetuated to this day.
“I think about my home, the island and the ordeal we suffered every day,” said Hiroshi Tokuno, 73, who remembers the invasion of his island of Shikotan at the end of the Second World War. For two years he and the other 17,000 islanders lived under occupation until they were removed at gunpoint and deported to Japan.
“It was a terrible experience. Many people died, including my two-year-old niece. I am still waiting for justice all these years later but nothing happens,” said the fisherman, who has taken his campaign to Tokyo and even the United Nations.
His views are shared by most of the 8,000 surviving islanders, now scattered across Japan. Their cause has won the sympathy of many Japanese, and successive governments have vowed to reclaim what they call the “Northern Territories”. But so far, decades of negotiations and hundreds of hours of diplomacy have failed to resolve the dispute, which has blocked the formal signing of a peace treaty ending hostilities between Moscow and Tokyo. Japanese officials insist that there is still hope of clinching a deal with the Kremlin, not with President Putin but with his successor, who will be elected early next year.
The Japanese are hosting the 2008 G8 summit in Hokkaido, the Japanese mainland closest to the disputed islands, and plan on making a resolution of the dispute a focus of the talks with the new Kremlin leader.
They also hope that improving trade relations with Russia may help to unlock the elusive agreement. Toyota has opened a factory in St Petersburg recently and will soon be followed by other big Japanese car-makers. The Japanese are also involved in gas and oil projects in the Russian Far East and have been approached by the Russians to modernise the Trans-Siberian Railway, the longest line in the world.
But any talk of the Russians relinquishing sovereignty is dismissed as wishful thinking by those living closest to them. Last year a Japanese fisherman was killed by Russian guards, who fired on his boat and arrested his colleagues for allegedly straying a few metres into Russian waters. The Russians are also investing millions in the infrastructure on the two largest islands, Kunashiri and Etorofu.
Kinku Fujiyoshi, who owns the Japanese ferry that visits the islands during the summer months, said that the changes were dramatic. “We used to have to take the Russians basic humanitarian supplies like powdered milk and soap. They had nothing. Today living standards have shot up. When they come here on shopping trips they often have $6,000 (£3,000) in cash to spend,” he said. “If you ask me, they do not need to return the islands. They are doing very well out of the present situation.”
That view is shared by Minoru Tamba, a former Japanese Ambassador to Moscow. He believes that Japan had the chance of a deal with the Kremlin during Boris Yeltsin’s presidency, when Russia was weaker and poorer. At a summit in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk in 1997, Mr Yeltsin agreed with his Japanese counterpart of the time that they would reach a deal by 2000.
“Yeltsin got sick, the Russian government position hardened and the moment was lost,” Mr Tamba said. “In seven years of Putin the issue has not advanced one millimetre. It is time for us to be patient. We have waited 50 years; we should be prepared to wait for another 50 before the islands are returned.”
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Japan must quickly return the island of Khokkaydo - historical earth of aiyans people, who lives on territory of Russian Federation and being its citizens. We will not wait fifty years
Marc, Moscva, Russia
The invasion and occupation of those Japanese Islands have engraved Russia and its predecessor, USSR, as fire site looter of the 20 Century in the world history.
Lawrence, Toronto, Canada
The question is quite simple. After the war Japan signed a Treatmet, where japanese goverment REFUESED this ISLANDS. USSR has occupied it because of the defeat in Russian-Japanese war (1904-1905)and japanese agression in Asia (concluded Russian Far East) during the first half of the XX century. One of the Stalin's clause to go intoaction were returning the territory, that was occupied by Japan before, and it include the Sakhalin island and Port-Arthur in China, which was rented by Russia as well as Hong Kong by UK. But, to prevent the agression in future, Stalin asked his ally to tear the Kurils island away from Japan and occupied it after the war. Don't foreget: in this case USSR doesn't breake any rules and agreements, including the Mutual non-agression treatment with Japan. This pact was breached by Japan much more earlier, during the japanese agression in Asia. And, by the way, you forget about the US role un this so-called "problem". Kurils are not our problem, it's OUR LAND!
Ilya, Moscow region, Russia
The islands are ours. We won them in the war began by Japanese. At that time Japanese were evil occupying Asia. Russia saved many other Asian counties from the evil at cost of many Russian lives. Hiroshi Tokuno, 73, who remembers the invasion of his island has completely forgotten what their army did with Koreans on Sakhalin, what their Army did in Russian Far East etc. Very selective memory.
Vyacheslav, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia
Russia is no stranger to occupation. In 1991, Estonia gained their independence from Russia and thousands of people revolted to gain their freedom. I recently came across a website about Estoniaâs Singing Revolution â http://singingrevolution.com.
Tanvir, NYC, U.S/NY
D. Petroff, well said. Until there is at least 1 US trooper in Japan, there will be no talks about returning even two islands.
Moreover, there cannot be any talks about returning islands until Japan think that Japanese were discoverers of the islands. The first people of the islands were Ainy.
Yes, these islands belonged to Japan once. In 1875 there was a pact between Russia and Japan. These islands were given to Japan, on the other side Japan agreed that island Sahalin was russian.
But after Russian-Japan war in 1904-05 and in the times of Russian Civil War in 1920-25 years Japan occupied Sahalin. When they were asked to return it or Kuril Islands Japan answered that "The war cancels all treaties (agreements, pacts). You have lost...". Japan didn't gave the Islands to us. In 1945 we have returned what was ours. And now we say: "You lost. The islands are ours".
I will add: Japan is occupied by USA. Before talking about problem with Islands, Japan should become a free country.
Artem, Barnaul, Russian Federation
Does today's Japan show any remorse for its role in WWII?
No. Japan is hyping the threat of North Korea and China, pushing for the development of missile defense with US, and white-washing its history textbooks.
If Russia would ever give up these islands, they should be given to China, not to Japan. as compensation for Japanese atrocities committed during the WWII.
Geo, San Francisco, USA
Fyi, at Yalta, Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill agreed as per wiki:
The Soviet Union would enter the fight against the Empire of Japan within 90 days after the defeat of Germany. The Soviet Union would receive the southern part of Sakhalin and the Kurile islands after the defeat of Japan.
&&&&
Additionally, Murph, it can be argued that the UK and US did not enter the war in Europe until the Soviets guaranteed victory for the Allies (at the sacrificial loss of 25+ million Soviets). The old adage is that the United States deliberately let Russia and Germany to fight each other to the death.
constantina, astoria, ny
To Murph of Madisonville.
Murph, you got it all wrong. Those were Americans who were dragging their feet with starting war with Germans in Europe. Americans only opened 2nd front when the outcome between USSR and Germany was clear; they scooped half of the Europe at the expense of Russians (still keeping their occupational troops in Germany, btw). On the contrary, Russians entered war with Japan in strict accordance with Yalta agreements. Notice also that they liberated more territories during one month than Americans managed to do during 5 years. Trumanâs position only underlines his complete amorality once again.
Japan should forget about Kuriles, that's Russian territories. The most Japanese can ask for is for entry without visas there (naturally, in exchange for the same right for Russians entering Hokkaido).
Zhorka, Los Angeles/Vladivostok, USA/Russia
Resolution of this dispute has nothing to do with the trade with Japan. Japan is a US-dominated client state without independent
foreign policy, which is also a home to large number of American troops. As soon as Russian gives up these islands, the first thing Japanese do is to invite americans to build their missile bases there, further destabilising the whole region and threatening Russia. And we do not want this to happen.
D. Petroff, St Petersburg, Russia
To George of London. I think Hiroshima and Nagasaki are all the reminders Japan needs about past and any future aggression.
The Russians refused to enter the fray with Japan until the very last days of the war. Then in the chaos that existed during the surrender they scooped these islands up. If memory serves me right I believe both Truman and MacArthur refused Russian presence at the surrender ceremony. Or if they were in attendance it was begrudgingly allowed.
Murph, Madisonville , USA/KY
After what the Japanese Imperial Army did in China and other parts of Asia in the thirties to 1945, congralulations to the Russians for taking these little islands. If only to remind the future Japanese that aggression does NOT PAY.
george, london, uk
Russia entered the war against Japan just before the Japanese surrender and just in time to grab some land. Russian politicians and business men are mostly from the shadowy criminal groups that emerged after 1991. Thye don't understand the word negotiate - to them it means weakness.
Lets face it - you can't push Putin around - he is inviolate in Russia provided he continues to play the aggressive strong man role.
All Japan can do is either use their claim as a lever to open business doors in Moscow or soak the Islanders for every dollar they can squeeze out of them.(and it will be dollars not roubles the Russians will be spending).
There is no point in alienating Russia over this issue, we are going to need their help in a few years time to deal with the Chinese.
Riley, Kyiv, Ukraine
The Japanese have no rights for the islands. The Kuril islands were settled and colonized first by Russians, not by Japanese. They were always Russian, except for Japanese occupation in 1905-1945 between the wars. And Japanese signed the refusal of these islands after the IIWW. That`s why they should just relax. Don`t they want to claim our Far East just because they briefly occupied it during our Civil war?
Russian Rocket, Moscow, Russia