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The dream of inexpensive, ecofriendly aviation has come closer to reality after a French test pilot achieved the first flight in a conventional light aircraft powered by an electric motor.
The Electra, a wood-and-fabric single-seater, flew for 48 minutes for 50km (30 miles) around the southern Alps, winning a global race to apply battery power to a fixed-wing standard aircraft.
The APAME group, founded to develop green aviation, said that the flight showed that nonpolluting, quiet light aviation was within reach.
“This will be a real aeroplane that will have an airworthiness certificate,” Anne Lavrand, president of APAME, said. “It is a machine built for anyone with a pilot’s licence.”
The quest to replace noisy, fossil-fuelled aircraft engines with quiet, clean power has been under way for nearly 30 years. The big hurdle is the punitive weight of batteries, which produce only 2 per cent of the energy from the same mass of petrol.
Paul MacCready, a celebrated Californian engineer, pioneered exotic solar-powered flying machines, one of which flew from Paris to Kent in 1981. Recent advances in battery technology have led to electric power for small unmanned observation drones and radio-controlled model aircraft as well as the extra drive for motor gliders. Last summer the French group and a US inventor each flew electric-powered, delta-winged microlight aircraft for the first time.
The last challenge has been to scale up electric drive to equip passenger-carrying conventional aircraft of the kind flown by recreational pilots. Ms Lavrand’s group, financed by French aerospace companies and other donors, started its project quietly 18 months ago. “When we began, no one believed we could do it,” she told The Times from APAME’s base, near the southern Alpine town of Gap.
The group used a Souricette kit aircraft and adapted to it a 25-horsepower British-made motor of a type that powers golf carts. The key to their pioneering flight on December 23 was the new generation of light lithium-polymer batteries, 48kg (105lb) of which supply power in the Electra, which has a 9m (30ft) wingspan.
A new category of modest-performing, light sport aircraft is ideally suited to the new battery power. Many recreational pilots will be prepared to forgo speed and range if they can escape the cost, noise and guilt of carbon-belching, gas-guzzling petrol engines, the firms say. Sonex, a leading American manufacturer of kit aircraft, is about to fly a 50-horsepower electric motor that will carry two people at 220km/h (135mph) for up to an hour before it has to be recharged.
Ms Lavrand said that the fuel cost per hour of the Electra was €1 (70p) compared with about €60 for an equivalent petrol-driven machine. The motor and batteries will cost between €10,000 and €15,000, about the same as existing small petrol engines.
“It’s expensive, but you have to think of it like buying the fuel up front,” Ms Lavrand said.
Electric power for larger aircraft, including airliners, is also on the horizon, with research by Nasa and Boeing into the holy grail of the field: hydrogen-fed fuel cells. These will drive electric motors with power like those on French high-speed trains.
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I am farmer from Czech republic,in 3.500 villages is perspective young club for notexpensive AERO,and for us is best with electricity engine the same type from this article.In this much villages is wery not expensive electricity from BIOMASE and wood gas and conversion during generator at electricity.But problem is battery maximum weight to 50 kilo.For young farmers in special Airport (before for fertilizer airplan.)It is in Czech republic wery popular.In this year 90 th born the air squadron until the watch word-slogan "air is our sea"from the first president TG Masaryk.
Oldrich Subrt, LuÄnà Chvojno 34 400 02 L, Czech republic
The article is good, but the statement "The big hurdle is the punitive weight of batteries, which produce only 2 per cent of the energy from the same mass of petrol. ".
Cant the solution be having a generator which produces the power for running the motor, and make generator work on biofuel? I think that would be a solution to provide power with less weight and more distance to cover.
Neeraj Saksena, Bangalore, India
The motor used on this plane powers more then golf carts it recently oushed an electric car to just shy of 100mph on the bbc's topgear christmas special see www.lmcltd.net
brad bunyard, Barnstaple, uk
Greater range can be achieved by having the top surface of the wings and tailplane covered with solar cells. When an aircraft is flying at normal height - especially an airliner - any clouds would be below the aircraft thus the panals would get full exposure.
Mr R J Hammond, March, UK
If you bother to do any research, you will find that people do frequently "talk about the cost and carbon footprint of prodcing the electricity in these situations". And the result of investigations is that typically there is significant benefit to "producing the electricity".
Apropos of "the total environmental impact without toxic and expensive-to-replace batteries is probably better - rather like 'energy-saving' light bulbs, in fact..."
In fact, although it's certainly the case that CFLs present a problem that should not be dismissed -- and that LEDs will be a much better solution in the fullness of time -- given current power stations CFLs result in lower toxic emissions because the power stations themselves (largely coal-fired) emit, for example, mercury. So by reducing electricity consumption, you're net reducing toxic emissions.
mmalc, Cupertino, CA/USA
Electricity comes ofcourse from http://www.trecers.net/downloads/articles/trec_white_paper.pdf
A dirty source of electricity would spoil the fun, no?!
See also http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=1FC8E87E-E7F2-99DF-3253ADDFDBEC8D41&ref=rss
Cheers,
Emil Möller
Emil Möller, Maastricht, Netherlands
Must have some length of cable.
Alan Kidd, Perth, Scotland
Congrats to those folks! There is certainly much to be learned about what will AND will not be feasable. I will be looking forward to more inovations of electric transportation.
I think the majority of selling point of rechargeable batteries is based upon the present excess capacity and lower cost (theoretically) available during off-peak hours.
the next couple years will be exciting as oil prices go through the roof!
Jay, New Mexico, USA
"So how exactly is this green? Where does the electricity come from?"
Nuclear.
Wind.
Geo-thermal.
Tidal.
Solar.
etc.
Chris, London,
"the fuel cost per hour of the Electra was â¬1 (70p) compared with about â¬60 for an equivalent petrol-driven machine."
But the petrol-driven machine won't be 'equivalent' because it will have more than 25hp to play with. If petrol-driven planes were made the same way as electric ones, they would be almost as cheap to run and a lot more convenient (you carry spare fuel in a can). Moreover, the total environmental impact without toxic and expensive-to-replace batteries is probably better - rather like 'energy-saving' light bulbs, in fact...
Francis Pickett, Arreton, Isle of Wight
To the extent that propeller-driven aircraft are in use today, this configuration is a good substitute, but I am still waiting for a hydrogen jet replacement for existing jets. The link below is for a fuel cell powered craft that I believe is still propellor driven, but has a jet configuration:
http://www.horizonfuelcell.com/
Jason M. Hendler, Melbourne, FL
You neglect to mention that propeller-driven aircraft are considerably slower than their jet engined counterparts, regardless of the means used to power them. So what possible use would they be in a commercial airliner?
Terry Chamings, Madrid,
So how exactly is this green? Where does the electricity come from? How great are the losses from conversion of fossil fuel to electricity, distribution losses, storage (loss in batteries).
Kidd Garrett, Bristol, UK
No one ever talks about the cost and carbon footprint of prodcing the electricity in these situations. Production of electricity is little based on renewable technology at present, some originates from nuclear power, most from fossil fuels.
I drive an old car, it does have a large engine and is not as fuel efficient as modern cars, but the carbon footprint on its manufacture was spent two decades ago, so am I eco ignorant or eco friendly? I cycle to work and only cover about 6k miles a year by car, whats right whats wrong?
Mike, Newport,