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Believers who choose to have their ashes scattered after being cremated are entitled to a Christian funeral, the Vatican said yesterday.
The ruling follows the refusal of a parish priest in the Italian Alps to hold a funeral for a local man who had asked to have his remains spread in the mountains. Father Carmelo Pellicone, of the parish of St Etienne in Aosta, told the man’s widow that a religious funeral was impossible because it was against the dogma of the resurrection of the body.
He said that scattering ashes in the countryside or at sea was a “pantheistic communion with nature in death, which is not part of our religion” – a belief held by many priests. Bishop Luciano Pacomio, head of doctrine at the Italian Bishops Conference, said, however, that this reflected an out-of-date mentality.
Father Silvano Sirboni, a noted liturgist, said that although the Church preferred burial, cremation was acceptable in certain circumstances. Writing in the Italian Catholic daily Avvenire he pointed out that the Italian bishops had issued new funeral rites in November which, for the first time, included specific prayers in the presence of ashes rather than a body, and even prayers to be read at a crematorium.
Avvenire said this innovation had passed unnoticed until the Val d’Aosta incident, which was given national coverage. The Diocese of Aosta said in a statement that although Father Pellicone had “hesitated”, he had in the end given the man who wanted his ashes scattered in the mountains a Catholic funeral.
It said: “Church funerals will be celebrated for all the faithful, including those who have chosen the scattering of their ashes, as long as the choice was not made for reasons contrary to the Christian faith.” Catholic funerals should still be denied to those motivated by “a pantheistic or naturalistic mentality”.
Cremation was forbidden in the Church for centuries because of the belief that the body is “the temple of the Holy Spirit” and that Christians will be bodily resurrected.
The Second Vatican Council in the 1960s lifted the ban, provided the body was present during the funeral and cremated afterwards.
Church rules were relaxed further in 1997 when the Vatican agreed that cremated remains could be brought into church for the liturgical rites of burial. In Italy, though, many priests still prefer to conduct funeral rites with the body present and some – as in the Val d’Aosta case – remain opposed to cremation altogether on the grounds that it is pagan.
Until 2001 the Italian state allowed cremation but prohibited the scattering of ashes. Partly because cemeteries are becoming overcrowded the number of cremations in Italy has risen, from 5,000 in 1990 to 53,000 in 2006. Giovanni Pollini, spokesman for the Italian federation of crematoriums, said resistance was strong in the south, with only 166 cremations in Sicily in 2006, 280 in Apulia and just over 200 in Campania.
Father Sirboni said cremation was an ancient practice around the world but Christians had wished traditionally to be buried in the ground “as Jesus was”. Cremation was introduced in Italy under Napoleonic rule “for hygienic reasons” but opposed by the Pope. Consequently, it had come to be viewed as a sign of secular revolt against the Church, he said.
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The American funeral industry shamelessly milks money from emotionally vulnerable relatives and promotes pretentious, overpriced caskets, embalming, clothing, cosmetics, limousines, etc. for a "good show," using vanity and guilt to sell funeral products; and equating an expensive funeral with love for the deceased.
Choosing cremation is much humbler, simpler, and un-materialistic; and less of a financial burden for families often devastated by huge hospital bills incurred by the final illness. Ashes can be reverently buried in holy ground to await resurrection. It is wrong to let the funeral industry profit off our dead, impoverishing survivors; we should stop letting ourselves be brainwashed into thinking we "must" have burial with all the expensive trappings.
Those who wish traditional burial should do it personally, in the manner of the Orthodox Jews, who have much to teach us; but if we are unprepared to reverently handle corpses, cremation is the dignified option.
R Wenner, Houston, Texas
Say what you want, but cremation is disgraceful and descerates the human body. People should be buried not turned to ashes.
Rev Spitz, Chesapeake, VA
Michael T R B Turnbull - at least be honest in your self-publication and admit that its your own book you are referring to!
Az, London,
Re:cremation in the contemperary Church: While it is true that the Holy Roman Catholic Church does allow cremation of the faithful, this is allowed for the benefit of the faithful. While traditional burial in a coffin in the grould is recommended, the faithful still can be faithful adherents of the Faith and use cremation. Cremation is practised by the faithful who many have a limited amount of money. The human body, over time,
eventually turns into dust."From dust thou comest and to dust thou shall return". Cremation accelerates this process. As the saying amoung the Chrsitian faithful was a few years ago: What Would Jesus Do?! The Jesus Christ I know and worship would always side with the faithful who wish to follow their heart, soul and conscience!
John R. obl osb, Des Moines, Iowa United States of America
John Rutt, Des Moines, Iowa, United States of America
As the author of 'The Edinburgh Graveyard Guide' I am frequently appalled by the state of public graveyards, in respect of damage to headstones through vandalism, with assaults, graffitti, empty beer cans. Although cemeteries where cremations are the rule are also spaces open to the public, the memorial stone are generally much smaller. No one would want to go back to the kind of burial practised by the Jews in the time of Jesus, where large stones had to be moved aside, nor, indeed to the tradition of the Sinclair family at Rosslyn Chapel where the Barons were laid out on a slab in full armour down in the vaults - for more, see 'Rosslyn Chapel REevealed' (Sutton Publishing Ltd., Nov 2007).
Michael T R B Turnbull, near Edinburgh, Scotland
Every Ash Wednesday we are reminded "thou atr dust and unto dust thou shall return." Most bodies return to ash or dust after a time, creamation only hastens the process. Our bodies will resurect whether from dust, decomposed flesh, or ash. To me creamation makes sence.
Richard
Richard M. Evans, Timonium, USA/Maryland
Who can trust any post-conciliar teaching - look at the mess that the modernists have made of the liturgy. Our Blessed Lord was entombed - this example should be enough to guide us. Roman Catholic tradition also supports this custom. The Vatican is wrong again.
Leo MacK, BSB, Brunei
If a person affirms be;ief in the resurrection of the body, then the willingness to be cremated could be taken as an affirmation of God's ability to do that regardless, and so a tribute to His power.
David Goliath, Springfield, USA
The first Christians vigorously reacted against this pervasive practice of cremation. They buried their dead at the risk of their own lives. It was indeed very dangerous for them because burial made them identifiable as Christians and the persecuting Romans upon discovering the cemeteries of the Christians, confiscated them and exhumed the bodies as for example under the orders of the emperors Valerian or Diocletian. Such resistance from the early Church has only one possible explanation: it came from a commandment given by the Apostles themselves.
Pope Saint Innocent I (A.D. 401-417) said that the violation of this order is one of the most serious scandals and it will never be changed. No dispensation can be given, adds the pope, except in the case of necessity such as epidemic or war.
It is the French Revolution of 1789 which talked again about cremation. And in the last quarter of the 19th century, the Masonic societies obtained from the governments of Europe the official recognition of this practice. It was accepted in Italy in the year 1876 and in France in the year 1887. But it is important to understand that it is not the most important reason. The Catholic Church does not condemn cremation only because Freemasonry promotes it. The Holy Catholic Church condemns cremation because it is a barbarous custom opposed to the respect and piety that one must have for our dead even on the natural level. And in the eyes of Faith, the body by burial lies under the earth where it awaits its resurrection.
Angelo, Midddle Island, NY